Fen Eğitiminde Yapılan Deneysel Çalışmalar için Geniş Kapsamlı Bir Araştırma Deseni

Öz

Deneysel metotlar, değişkenler üzerinde kontrol yapabilme, değişkenleri değiştirebilme ve neden-sonuç ilişkisi kurabilmedeki etkililiğinden dolayı ayrı bir öneme sahiptir. Deneysel desenlerin güçlü yanları yanında iç geçerliliği tehdit eden faktörlere karşı tam koruma altında olmamaları söz konusudur. Türkiye’de fen eğitimi ile ilgili tez çalışmalarının çoğunda deneysel çalışmalar yürütülmesine rağmen, iç geçerlik tehditlerine karşı daha güçlü desenlerin eksikliği önemli bir problem olarak durmaktadır. Bu problem yanında fen eğitimi alanındaki reformların gerektirdiği yöntem ve tekniklerin etkililiğini test etmek için okul çapında yürütülecek deneysel çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır. Okul çapında yapılacak deneysel çalışmalar, iç geçerlik tehditlerine ilişkin problemlerin üstesinden gelebilmek için daha detaylı ve güçlü araştırma desenlerini gerektirmektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı daha detaylı ve güçlü bir deneysel araştırma deseni önermektir. Beş gruplu deneysel desen, fen bilimleri eğitiminde dikkate alınan bağımlı değişkenleri kontrol altında tutmada ve neden-sonuç ilişkisi kurmada daha etkili olan, daha fazla sayıda iç-geçerlik tehdidini kontrol etme imkânı sağlayan bir yol önermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Araştırma deseni, Deneysel çalışmalar, İç geçerliliğe ilişkin tehditler, Fen eğitimi

A Comprehensive Research Design for Experimental Studies in Science Education

Abstract

Experimental methods have a discrete place due to their effectiveness to establish cause-effect relationship and, to make manipulations and to provide control over the variables. Although majority of the science education dissertations in Turkey involve experimental studies, lack of sound experimental designs to control validity threats is still an important problem. And also, there is a need to conduct school-wide experiments to test effectiveness of methods and techniques or other reform requirements in science education. These experiments need more comprehensive and powerful research designs to overcome problems about internal validity threats. This study purposes to suggest a new, more comprehensible design of experimental study. Five-group experimental design has been suggesting, by controlling more threats to internal validity, a more sound way to establish cause-effect relationship and to control more variables which are potentially effective on dependent variables of the science education studies.

Keywords

• Creative thinking, critical thinking, academic achievement, science process skills

Kaynakça

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