What Do Computer Teachers Think About the Factors Affecting Technology Integration in Schools?

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to present the thoughts of the preservice and inservice computer teachers’ about the factors that contribute to successful technology integration in basic education schools. To that end, a survey which was developed by the authors was conducted to participants. 518 prospective teachers, 302 male and 216 female and 104 inservice teachers, 55 male and 49 female, participated in this study. Findings of the survey are supported by qualitative data in order to thoroughly understand computer teachers’ opinions about technology integration. Results of the study revealed that preservice and inservice computer teachers believed there were many factors such as limited access, crowded classroom and teachers’ knowledge that contributed to successful technology integration into instruction. These factors were discussed in this present study based on the preservice and inservice computer teachers’ responses.

Keywords

• Technology integration,teacher education and computer teachers

Bilgisayar Öğretmenleri Okullardaki Teknoloji Entegrasyonu Hakkında Ne Düşünürler?

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, bilgisayar öğretmeni ve öğretmen adaylarının ilköğretim okullarında başarılı teknoloji entegrasyonunu kapsam faktörler donatılmış görüşlerini görebilirektir. Bu amaç için, Çalışanlar sonbahar anket uygulanmıştır. 302 bay ve 216 bayan bilgisayar öğretmeni adayı ile 55 bay ve 49 bayandan ilköğretim bilgisayar öğretmeni, ankete cevap vermiştir. Bilgisayar öğretmenlerinin teknoloji entegrasyonu içeren düşüncelerini derinlemesine anlamak için toplanan nitelemeler, anket yapmak desteklemektedir. Çalışmanın sonuçları, bilgisayar öğretmeni adaylarının ve öğretmenlerinin okullarda teknoloji entegrasyonunu vermek pek çok unsur (sınıfların kalabalık olması, sınırlı erişim ve öğretmenin yetersiz bilgisi gibi) istiyorum inandıklarını ortaya çıkarmak. Bu telefonları paylaşların cevaplarına göre faktörler tartışılmış ve bu sorunlara sunuyoruzde bulunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Teknoloji entegrasyonu, öğretmen eğitimi, bilgisayar öğretmenleri

Kaynakça

1. Alkan, C. (1991). Bilgisayar destekli ö renme modülleri, Ankara, AnL Yay.
2. Barnett, H. (2001). Successful K-12 technology planning: Ten essential elements. Retrieved on 10.01.2006, from ERIC Document Reproduction Service, ED457858.
3. Becker, H. J. (1994). How exemplary computer-using teachers differ from other teachers: Implications for realizing the potential of computers in schools. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 26(3), 291–321.
4. BECTA (2004). A Review of the Research Literature on Barriers to the Uptake of ICT by Teachers. Becta reports. [Online]: Retrieved on May 22, 2007 at URL www.becta.org.uk/page_documents/research/barriers.pdf
5. Brush, T., Glazewski, K., Rutowski, K., Berg, K., Stromfors, C., Van-Nest, M., et al., (2003). Integrating technology in a field-based teacher training program: The PT3@ASU Project. Educational Technology Research and Development, 51(2), 57-72.
6. Butler, D. & Sellbom, M. (2002). Barriers to adopting technology for teaching and learning. Educase Quarterly, 25 (2), 22-28.
7. Christiensen, R. (2002). Effects of technology integration education on the attitudes of teachers and
8. students. Journal of Research on technology in Education, 34(4), 411-433.

9. Cradler, J. (1996). Implementing Technology in education: Recent findings from research and evaluation studies. Retrieved August 15, 2007 from: http://www.wested.org/techpolicy/refind.html
10. Cuban, L., Kirkpatrick, H., & Peck, C. (2001). High access and low use of technology in high school classrooms: Explaining an apparent paradox. American Educational Research Journal, 38(4), 813-834.
11. Ça Lltay, K., ÇakLro lu, J., Ça Lltay, N. & ÇakLro lu, E. (2001) .Teachers’ perspectives about the use of computers. Hacettepe University Journal of Education. 21(1), 19-28.
12. Education Week (2005). Technology counts. . [Online]: Retrieved on June 20 2007 from http://www.edweek.org/media/pdf/tc05/35access-t1.pdf
13. Ertmer, P., Addison, P., Lane, M., Ross, E. & Woods, D. (1999) Examining Teachers' Beliefs about the Role of Technology in the Elementary Classroom. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 32 (1),54-72.
14. Ertmer, P. A. (2005). Teacher pedagogical beliefs: The final frontier in our quest for technology integration? Educational Technology Research and Development, 53(4), 25–39.
15. Granger, C. A., Morbey M. L., Lotherington H., Owston R. D. & Wideman H., H. (2002) Factors contributing to teachers’ successful implementation of IT. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 18, 480-488.
16. Hennessy, S., Ruthven, K., & Brindley, S. (2005). Teacher perspectives on integrating ICT into subject teaching: Commitment, constraints, caution, and change. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 37(2), 155–192.
17. Hew, K. F. & Brush, T. (2007). Integrating technology into K-12 teaching and learning: current knowledge gaps and recommendations for future research. Education Technology Research & Develeopment, 55, 223–252
18. Jacobsen, M., Clifford, P., & Frieson, S. (2002). Preparing teachers for technology integration: Creating a culture of inquiry in context of use. Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 2(3), 363-388.
19. Keller, J., Ehman, H. L., & Bonk, J. C., (2002). Professional development that increases technology integration by K-12 teachers: Influence of the TICKIT Program. Paper presented at the American Educational Research Association (AERA) annual convention, Chicago, IL
20. Lim, C. P., Teo, Y. H., Wong, P., Khine, M. S., Chai, C. S., & Divaharan, S. (2003). Creating a conducive learning environment for the effective integration of ICT: Classroom management issues. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 14(4), 405–423.
21. Mathews, J. G., Davis, E. E., & Hamilton, G. H. (1996). Assessment of teacher technology needs in fifty five southeastern Idaho school districts. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the National Rural Education Association, San Antonio, TX, (ERIC document Reproduction Service No. ED 402120). Retrieved from ERIC database.
22. McDermott, L. & Murray, J. (2000). A study on the effective use and integration of technology into the primary curriculum. Saint Xavier University, Chicago.
23. Medcalf-Davenprot, N.A. (1998). Historical and current attitudes towards uses of educational technology: A work in progress. East Lansing, Michigan: National Center for Research on Teacher Learning. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 427 721).
24. Melmed, A. Ed., (1995). The Costs and Effectiveness of Educational Technology: Proceedings of a Workshop. DRU-1205-CTI, Santa Monica: RAND Corporation.
25. Miller, W. R. & Miller, M. F. (2002). Instructors and their jobs. Homewood: American Technical Publishers.
26. Mumtaz, S. (2000). Factors affecting teachers’ use of information and communications technology: a review of the literature. Journal of Information Technology for Teacher Education, 9(3), 319- 341.
27. O’Dwyer, L. M., Russell, M. & Bebell, D. J. (2004). Identifying teacher, school and district characteristics associated with elementary teachers’ use of technology: A multilevel perspective. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 12(48), 1-33. . [Online]: Retrieved on May 17, 2006 from http://epaa.asu.edu/epaa/v12n48/
28. Ortega, C. A., & Ortega, R. (1995). Integrated elementary technology education. Technology Teacher, 54(5), 11-15.
29. Pelgrum, W. J. (2001). Obstacles to the integration of ICT in education: Results from a worldwide educational assessment. Computers & Education, 37(2), 163-178.
30. Picciano, A. G., (1994). Computers in the Schools. New York: Macmillian Publishing Co.
31. Pierson, M. E. (2001). Technology practice as a function of pedagogical expertise. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 33(4), 413- 430.
32. Roblyer, M., & Edwards, J. (2005). Integrating educational technology into teaching. (4thEd.) Upper Saddler River, NJ: Prentice –Hall.
33. Schware, R., & Jaramillo, A., (1998). Technology in education: The Turkish experiment. Information Technology for Development, 8(1), 29-33.
34. Stevens, D. (2001). Why computers in education may fail? Journal of Education, 104, 370-376.
35. Strauss, A. & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
36. Strickland, J. (1999). The development and validation of a technology needs assessment (TNA) instrument for Idoha school districts. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Idoha State University, Pocatello.
37. Quality Education Data (2004). Technology purchasing forecast, 2003-2004. Denver, CO: Scholastic, Inc.
38. Vrasidas, C., & McIsaac, M. S. (2001). Integrating technology in teaching and teacher education: Implications for policy and curriculum reform. Educational Media International, 38(2/3), 127- 132.
39. Yildirim, S. (2000). Effect of an educational computing course on preservice and inservice teachers: A discussion and analysis of attitudes and use. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 32(4), 479-95.
40. Yildirim, S. (2007). Current utilization of ICT in Turkish basic education Schools: A review of Teacher's ICT use and barriers to integration. International Journal of Instructional Media, 34(2) 171-186.