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Consumer Boycotts and Jurisprudential Challenges Related to Identifying Their Legal Cause (‘İllah)

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 61, 179 - 193, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.29288/ilted.1447487

Öz

Recently, consumer boycott has been used as an economic weapon and a tool of passive resistance. There are several dimensions to consumer boycott, which serves as a means for Muslim communities to assert their will and to make their voices heard. This study primarily examines the legal (fiqhi) justifications for consumer boycott. The main objective of the study is to identify the reasons (causes) that lead Muslims to engage in consumer boycott. In addition, a secondary objective of our study is to present the problems that may arise in issuing fatwas in relation to the identified causes and abiding by the consequences of these causes. The qualitative analysis method was used to achieve the objective of the study. This analysis was largely carried out using literature and content analysis techniques. Classical jurisprudential principles (uṣūl al-fiqh), principles of issuing fatwas (uṣūl al-iftā), consideration of consequences (i‛tibār al-ma’ālāt)
and principles of Islamic governance (al-siyāsah al-shar‛iyyah) were also highlighted in the research methodology. According to our findings, the concept of boycott is not commonly found in classical jurisprudential sources. The rulings on boycott are more implicitly addressed in issues regulating commercial relations with non-Muslims. As far as contemporary literature is concerned, there are numerous studies on Muslim consumer boycott from different perspectives. However, there is a gap in the literature regarding the identification of the cause of boycott. As a result, four causes of boycott have been identified: “disrespect for Muslim dignity”, “insulting religious values”, “supporting the enemy in a state of war with Muslims”, and “political interests and general welfare of Muslims”. Some issues related to the practical application of these grounds are also discussed. In addition, the author raises the question of whether threatening the ḥalâl and healthy nutrition of Muslim communities is a reason for boycott and suggests it as a topic for further research.

Kaynakça

  • Abdul-Talib, Asmat-Nizam - Abdul-Latif, Samshul-Amry. “The Willingness to Boycott among Malaysian Muslims”. GIMAC Conference Proceedings Advances in Islamic Business. 116–127. Cairo, 2012.
  • Abosag, Ibrahim - F. Farah, Maya. “The Influence of Religiously Motivated Consumer Boycotts on Brand Image, Loyalty and Product Judgment”. European Journal of Marketing 48/11/12 (2014), 2262–2283. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-12-2013-0737
  • Abū Dā’ūd, Sulaymān b. al-Ash‛ath b. Isḥāq al-Sijistānī. al-Sunan. ed. Shu‛ayb al-Arnaūṭ. 7 Volume. Dār al-Risālah al-‛Ālamiyyah, 2009.
  • al-Dousarī, ‛Abdilqādir b. Sultān. al-Muqāṭa‛ah al-iqtiṣādiyyah: mafhūmuhā wa aḥkāmuhā fī al-fiqh al-Islāmī. Amman: Jordan University, Master’s Thesis, 2009.
  • al-Hyari, Khalil et al. “Religious Beliefs and Consumer Behaviour: From Loyalty to Boycotts”. Journal of Islamic Marketing 3/2 (2012), 155–174. https://doi.org/10.1108/17590831211232564
  • Ali Haydar Efendi. Dürerü’l-hükkâm: şerhu Mecelleti’l-ahkâm. 4 Volume. Ankara: Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı, 2017.
  • al-Jaṣṣāṣ, Aḥmad b. ‛Alī Abū al-Rāzī. Aḥkām al-Qur’ān. ed. ‛Abdussalām Muḥammad Shāhīn. 3 Volume. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‛Ilmiyyah, 1994.
  • al-Mardāwī, ‛Alā al-Dīn Abū al-Ḥasan. al-Inṣāf. ed. ‛Abdullāh al-Turkī. 30 Volume. Cairo: Hajar, 1995.
  • al-Marghīnānī, Abū al-Ḥasan Burhān al-Dīn. al-Hidāyah sharḥ Bidāyah al-mubtadī. ed. Ṭilāl Yūsuf. 4 Volume. Beirut: Dār Iḥyā al-Turās al-‛Arabī, 1431.
  • al-Mawwāq, Muḥammad b. Yūsuf b. Abū al-Qāsim. al-Tāj wa al-iklīl. 8 Volume. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‛Ilmiyyah, 1994.
  • al-Nawawī, Abū Zakariyyā Muhyiddīn b. Sharaf. al-Majmū‛ sharḥ al-Muhadhdhab. ed. Commission. 9 Volume. Cairo: Idārah al-Ṭibā‛ah al-Munīrīyyah, 1347.
  • al-Rushūdī, Turkī b. ‛Abillāh b. Fahd. al-Muqāṭa‛ah al-iqtiṣādiyyah wa aḥkāmuhā fī al-fiqh al-Islāmī. Riyad: Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Master’s Thesis, 2005.
  • al-Sadūn, ‛Ābid b. ‛Abdillāh. al-Muqāṭa‛ah al-iqtiṣādiyyah: ta’ṣīluhā al-sharʽī wāqi‛uhā wa al-ma’mūl lahā. Riyad: Dār al-Tabi‛īn, 2008.
  • al-Ṣanʽānī, Abū Bakr ‛Abdurrazzāq. al-Muṣannaf. ed. Ḥabīb al-Raḥmān al-A‛ẓamī. 12 Volume. India: al-Majlis al-‛Ilmī, 1983.
  • al-Sarakhsī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Sahl Shams al-A’immah. al-Mabsūṭ. ed. Commission. 31 Volume. Beirut: Dār al-Ma‛rifah, n.d.
  • al-Sarakhsī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Sahl Shams al-A’immah. Sharḥ al-Siyar al-kabīr. al-Sharikah al-Sharqiyyah, 1971.
  • al-Shamrānī, Khālid b. ‛Abdillāh. al-Muqāṭa‛ah al-iqtiṣādiyyah: ḥaqīqatuhā wa ḥukmuhā. Ed Dammam: Dār Ibn al-Jauzī, 2006.
  • Anton Athoillah, M. - Al-Hakim, S. “Reinterpreting the Ratio Legis of the Prohibition of Usury”. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research 14/10 (2013), 1390-1400. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2013.14.10.2187
  • Asnawi, Nur et al. “Participation of Muslim Consumers in Boycotts of Global Companies’ Products: Social Dilemma Perspectives”. Baltic Journal of Law & Politics 16/3 (2023), 327-344. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.2478/bjlp-2023-0000026
  • Barghouti, Omar. “BDS: Nonviolent, Globalized Palestinian Resistance to Israel’s Settler Colonialism and Apartheid”. Journal of Palestine Studies 50/2 (2021), 108–125. https://doi.org/10.1080/0377919X.2021.1906067
  • Dekhil, Fawzi et al. “Effect of Religiosity on the Decision to Participate in a Boycott: The Moderating Effect of Brand Loyalty – the Case of Coca-Cola”. Journal of Islamic Marketing 8/2 (2017), 309-328. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-01-2013-0008
  • Di Stefano, Paul - Henaway, Mostafa. “Boycotting Apartheid From South Africa to Palestine”. Peace Review 26/1 (2014), 19–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/10402659.2014.876304
  • Din, Salah Ud et al. “Combating Corruption Based on Al-Siyasah Al-Syar’iyyah Perspective: A Literature Review”. International Journal of Ethics and Systems. Vol/No (ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-12-2022-0312
  • Dönmez, İbrahim Kafi. “İllet”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 22/117-120. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 2000.
  • Fournier, Susan. “Consumer Resistance: Societal Motivations, Consumer Manifestations, and Implications in the Marketing Domain”. Advances in Consumer Research 25 (1998), 88-90.
  • Friedman, Monroe. Consumer Boycotts: Effecting Change Through the Marketplace and Media. Routledge, 2002.
  • Friedman, Monroe. “Ethical Dilemmas Associated with Consumer Boycotts”. Journal of Social Philosophy 32/2 (2001), 232-240. https://doi.org/10.1111/0047-2786.00091
  • Halevi, Leor. “The Consumer Jihad: Boycott Fatwas and Nonviolent Resistance on the World Wide Web”. International Journal of Middle East Studies 44/1 (2012), 45-70.
  • Hammād, Nazīh. Mu‛jam al-muṣṭalaḥāt al-māliyyah wa al-iqtiṣādiyyah fī lughah al-fuqahā. Damascus: Dār al-Qalam, 2014.
  • Ibn Malak, Abdullaṭīf. Sharḥ al-Manār. ed. Ilyas Kaplan. 3 Volume. Istanbul: Dār al-Irshād, 2014.
  • Ibn Zanjawayh, Abū Aḥmad Ḥumayd b. Mukhallad b. Qutaybah. al-Amwāl. ed. Shākir Dhīb Fayyaḏ. Makkah: Markaz al-Malik Fayṣal, 1986.
  • Jevtic, Jana. Global Muslim Boycott of MNCS as a Method of Economic Weakening of Israel. Budapest: Central European University, Master’s Thesis, 2009.
  • Kamali, Mohammad Hashim (ed.). “The Principle of Original Permissibility (Ibahah)”. Shariah and the Halal Industry. 26-33. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197538616.003.0003
  • Khasasi, Mohd Zuhdi Ahmad vd. “Sustainability of Socio-Religious Relations Using the Fiqh al-Tacayush Approach”. AKADEMIKA 90/2 (2020), 149-164. https://doi.org/10.17576/akad-2020-9002-13
  • Klein, Jill Gabrielle et al. “Why We Boycott: Consumer Motivations for Boycott Participation”. Journal of Marketing 68 (2004), 92-109.
  • Lea, Diana. Oxford Learner’s Thesaurus: A Dictionary of Synonyms. ed. Jennifer Bradbery et al. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
  • Marcelo Svirsky. “BDS as a Mediator”. Concentric: Literary and Cultural Studies 41/2 (2015), 45-74. https://doi.org/10.6240/concentric.lit.2015.41.2.03
  • Mohamad, Mahani et al. “An Analysis of Fiqh Al-Waqi` (An Understanding of Contemporary Problems) on the Ruling of Compulsory Boycott of KFC (Malaysia)”. International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol.3 (2013), 194-200.
  • Mohamed Nasir, Kamaludeen. “Islamic Revivalism and Muslim Consumer Ethics”. Religions 13/8 (2022), 747. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13080747
  • Nasir, Siyahirah - İsmail, Abdalmannan. “I’tibar Maalat in the Fatwas of Muslim Minorities Who Are Living In Non-Muslim Countries”. Journal of Fatwa Management and Research (Special Edition) (2019), 163-178.
  • Roux, Dominique. “Consumer Resistance: Proposal for an Integrative Framework”. Recherche et Applications En Marketing (English Edition) 22/4 (2007), 59–79. https://doi.org/10.1177/205157070702200403
  • Rutherford, Donald. Routledge Dictionary of Economics. 1 Volume. London: Routledge, 2nd edition., 2002.
  • Salma, Shofiya Yusri - Aji, Hendy Mustiko. “What Drives Muslims to Boycott French Brands? The Moderating Role of Brand Judgement and Counterargument”. Journal of Islamic Marketing 14/5 (2023), 1346–1368. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-04-2021-0128
  • Sari, Dessy Kurnia et al. “Boycotting Foreign Products: A Study of Indonesian Muslim Consumers”. Journal of Islamic Marketing 8/1 (2017), 16–34. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-12-2014-0078
  • Sari, Dessy Kurnia. Investigating the Reasons Muslim Boycott Foreign Brands. Perth: The University of Western Australia, Doctorate Thesis, 2015.
  • Sen, Sankar et al. “Withholding Consumption: A Social Dilemma Perspective on Consumer Boycotts”. Journal of Consumer Research 28/3 (2001), 399–417. https://doi.org/10.1086/323729
  • Serafini, Frank - Reid, Stephanie F. “Multimodal Content Analysis: Expanding Analytical Approaches to Content Analysis”. Visual Communication 22/4 (2023), 623–649. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470357219864133
  • Shin, Seongyeon - Yoon, Sung‐Wook. “Consumer Motivation for the Decision to Boycott: The Social Dilemma”. International Journal of Consumer Studies 42/4 (2018), 439–447. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12444
  • ‛Uthmānī, Muhmmad Taqī. Fiqh al-buyū‛ ‛alā al-madhāhib al-arba‛ah. 2 Volume. Damascus: Dār al-Qalam, 2018.
  • Yunus, Anas Mohd et al. “The Concept of Boycott: A General Introduction”. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences 10/9 (2020), 962–971. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i9/7889
  • Isra Compendium for Islamic Financial Terms: Arabic-English: International Shariah Research Academy for Islamic Finance. Kuala Lumpur: International Shariah Research Academy for Islamic Finance (ISRA), 2010.

Tüketici Boykotu ve İlletinin Tespitine İlişkin Fıkhi Problemler

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 61, 179 - 193, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.29288/ilted.1447487

Öz

Son dönemlerde tüketici boykotu bir ekonomik silah ve bir pasif direniş aracı olarak kullanılmaktadır. Müslüman toplumların iradelerini ortaya koymada ve seslerini duyurmada başvurdukları bir vasıta olan tüketici boykotunun birçok boyutu söz konusudur. Bu çalışmada tüketici boykotunun özellikle fıkhî gerekçeleri incelenmektedir. Çalışmanın esas amacı Müslümanları tüketici boykotuna sevk eden sebeplerin (illetler) tespit edilmesidir. Bununla birlikte tespit edilen illetlerle ilgili olarak fetvâ verilirken ve illetin gereğine göre amel edilirken karşılaşılabilecek problemlerin sunulması da çalışmamızın ikincil bir amacıdır. Çalışmanın hedefine ulaşılırken nitel analiz yöntemine başvurulmuştur. Söz konusu analiz büyük ölçüde literatür ve içerik incelemesi tekniğine göre gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın metodolojisinde klasik fıkıh usûlü, fetvâ usûlü, i‛tibâru’l-me’âlât ve siyâset-i şer‛iyye gibi mefhumlara da dikkat çekilmiştir. Tespitlerimize göre klasik fıkıh kaynaklarında boykot mefhumuna pek rastlanmamaktadır. Boykotla ilgili hükümler daha çok gayrimüslimlerle ticari ilişkileri düzenleyen konularda zımnen ele alınmaktadır. Güncel literatüre gelince, Müslüman tüketici boykotu ile ilgili farklı açılardan yapılmış birçok çalışma mevcuttur. Ancak literatürde boykotun illetinin tespiti ile ilgili bir boşluk söz konusudur. Sonuç olarak “Müslüman onurunun ayakaltına alınması”, “dini değerlere hakaret edilmesi”, “Müslümanlarla savaş hâlindeki düşmana destek verilmesi” ve “Müslümanların siyasi çıkarları ve genel maslahatı” olmak üzere dört illet tespit edilmiş ve bunların uygulama boyutu ile ilgili birtakım sorunlara değinilmiştir. Ayrıca yazar tarafından “Müslüman toplumun helal ve sağlıklı beslenmesine yönelik tehdit oluşturmanın” bir boykot illeti olup olmayacağı tartışmaya açılarak sonraki araştırmacılara bir konu önerisinde bulunulmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Abdul-Talib, Asmat-Nizam - Abdul-Latif, Samshul-Amry. “The Willingness to Boycott among Malaysian Muslims”. GIMAC Conference Proceedings Advances in Islamic Business. 116–127. Cairo, 2012.
  • Abosag, Ibrahim - F. Farah, Maya. “The Influence of Religiously Motivated Consumer Boycotts on Brand Image, Loyalty and Product Judgment”. European Journal of Marketing 48/11/12 (2014), 2262–2283. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-12-2013-0737
  • Abū Dā’ūd, Sulaymān b. al-Ash‛ath b. Isḥāq al-Sijistānī. al-Sunan. ed. Shu‛ayb al-Arnaūṭ. 7 Volume. Dār al-Risālah al-‛Ālamiyyah, 2009.
  • al-Dousarī, ‛Abdilqādir b. Sultān. al-Muqāṭa‛ah al-iqtiṣādiyyah: mafhūmuhā wa aḥkāmuhā fī al-fiqh al-Islāmī. Amman: Jordan University, Master’s Thesis, 2009.
  • al-Hyari, Khalil et al. “Religious Beliefs and Consumer Behaviour: From Loyalty to Boycotts”. Journal of Islamic Marketing 3/2 (2012), 155–174. https://doi.org/10.1108/17590831211232564
  • Ali Haydar Efendi. Dürerü’l-hükkâm: şerhu Mecelleti’l-ahkâm. 4 Volume. Ankara: Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı, 2017.
  • al-Jaṣṣāṣ, Aḥmad b. ‛Alī Abū al-Rāzī. Aḥkām al-Qur’ān. ed. ‛Abdussalām Muḥammad Shāhīn. 3 Volume. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‛Ilmiyyah, 1994.
  • al-Mardāwī, ‛Alā al-Dīn Abū al-Ḥasan. al-Inṣāf. ed. ‛Abdullāh al-Turkī. 30 Volume. Cairo: Hajar, 1995.
  • al-Marghīnānī, Abū al-Ḥasan Burhān al-Dīn. al-Hidāyah sharḥ Bidāyah al-mubtadī. ed. Ṭilāl Yūsuf. 4 Volume. Beirut: Dār Iḥyā al-Turās al-‛Arabī, 1431.
  • al-Mawwāq, Muḥammad b. Yūsuf b. Abū al-Qāsim. al-Tāj wa al-iklīl. 8 Volume. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‛Ilmiyyah, 1994.
  • al-Nawawī, Abū Zakariyyā Muhyiddīn b. Sharaf. al-Majmū‛ sharḥ al-Muhadhdhab. ed. Commission. 9 Volume. Cairo: Idārah al-Ṭibā‛ah al-Munīrīyyah, 1347.
  • al-Rushūdī, Turkī b. ‛Abillāh b. Fahd. al-Muqāṭa‛ah al-iqtiṣādiyyah wa aḥkāmuhā fī al-fiqh al-Islāmī. Riyad: Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Master’s Thesis, 2005.
  • al-Sadūn, ‛Ābid b. ‛Abdillāh. al-Muqāṭa‛ah al-iqtiṣādiyyah: ta’ṣīluhā al-sharʽī wāqi‛uhā wa al-ma’mūl lahā. Riyad: Dār al-Tabi‛īn, 2008.
  • al-Ṣanʽānī, Abū Bakr ‛Abdurrazzāq. al-Muṣannaf. ed. Ḥabīb al-Raḥmān al-A‛ẓamī. 12 Volume. India: al-Majlis al-‛Ilmī, 1983.
  • al-Sarakhsī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Sahl Shams al-A’immah. al-Mabsūṭ. ed. Commission. 31 Volume. Beirut: Dār al-Ma‛rifah, n.d.
  • al-Sarakhsī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Sahl Shams al-A’immah. Sharḥ al-Siyar al-kabīr. al-Sharikah al-Sharqiyyah, 1971.
  • al-Shamrānī, Khālid b. ‛Abdillāh. al-Muqāṭa‛ah al-iqtiṣādiyyah: ḥaqīqatuhā wa ḥukmuhā. Ed Dammam: Dār Ibn al-Jauzī, 2006.
  • Anton Athoillah, M. - Al-Hakim, S. “Reinterpreting the Ratio Legis of the Prohibition of Usury”. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research 14/10 (2013), 1390-1400. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2013.14.10.2187
  • Asnawi, Nur et al. “Participation of Muslim Consumers in Boycotts of Global Companies’ Products: Social Dilemma Perspectives”. Baltic Journal of Law & Politics 16/3 (2023), 327-344. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.2478/bjlp-2023-0000026
  • Barghouti, Omar. “BDS: Nonviolent, Globalized Palestinian Resistance to Israel’s Settler Colonialism and Apartheid”. Journal of Palestine Studies 50/2 (2021), 108–125. https://doi.org/10.1080/0377919X.2021.1906067
  • Dekhil, Fawzi et al. “Effect of Religiosity on the Decision to Participate in a Boycott: The Moderating Effect of Brand Loyalty – the Case of Coca-Cola”. Journal of Islamic Marketing 8/2 (2017), 309-328. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-01-2013-0008
  • Di Stefano, Paul - Henaway, Mostafa. “Boycotting Apartheid From South Africa to Palestine”. Peace Review 26/1 (2014), 19–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/10402659.2014.876304
  • Din, Salah Ud et al. “Combating Corruption Based on Al-Siyasah Al-Syar’iyyah Perspective: A Literature Review”. International Journal of Ethics and Systems. Vol/No (ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-12-2022-0312
  • Dönmez, İbrahim Kafi. “İllet”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 22/117-120. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 2000.
  • Fournier, Susan. “Consumer Resistance: Societal Motivations, Consumer Manifestations, and Implications in the Marketing Domain”. Advances in Consumer Research 25 (1998), 88-90.
  • Friedman, Monroe. Consumer Boycotts: Effecting Change Through the Marketplace and Media. Routledge, 2002.
  • Friedman, Monroe. “Ethical Dilemmas Associated with Consumer Boycotts”. Journal of Social Philosophy 32/2 (2001), 232-240. https://doi.org/10.1111/0047-2786.00091
  • Halevi, Leor. “The Consumer Jihad: Boycott Fatwas and Nonviolent Resistance on the World Wide Web”. International Journal of Middle East Studies 44/1 (2012), 45-70.
  • Hammād, Nazīh. Mu‛jam al-muṣṭalaḥāt al-māliyyah wa al-iqtiṣādiyyah fī lughah al-fuqahā. Damascus: Dār al-Qalam, 2014.
  • Ibn Malak, Abdullaṭīf. Sharḥ al-Manār. ed. Ilyas Kaplan. 3 Volume. Istanbul: Dār al-Irshād, 2014.
  • Ibn Zanjawayh, Abū Aḥmad Ḥumayd b. Mukhallad b. Qutaybah. al-Amwāl. ed. Shākir Dhīb Fayyaḏ. Makkah: Markaz al-Malik Fayṣal, 1986.
  • Jevtic, Jana. Global Muslim Boycott of MNCS as a Method of Economic Weakening of Israel. Budapest: Central European University, Master’s Thesis, 2009.
  • Kamali, Mohammad Hashim (ed.). “The Principle of Original Permissibility (Ibahah)”. Shariah and the Halal Industry. 26-33. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197538616.003.0003
  • Khasasi, Mohd Zuhdi Ahmad vd. “Sustainability of Socio-Religious Relations Using the Fiqh al-Tacayush Approach”. AKADEMIKA 90/2 (2020), 149-164. https://doi.org/10.17576/akad-2020-9002-13
  • Klein, Jill Gabrielle et al. “Why We Boycott: Consumer Motivations for Boycott Participation”. Journal of Marketing 68 (2004), 92-109.
  • Lea, Diana. Oxford Learner’s Thesaurus: A Dictionary of Synonyms. ed. Jennifer Bradbery et al. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
  • Marcelo Svirsky. “BDS as a Mediator”. Concentric: Literary and Cultural Studies 41/2 (2015), 45-74. https://doi.org/10.6240/concentric.lit.2015.41.2.03
  • Mohamad, Mahani et al. “An Analysis of Fiqh Al-Waqi` (An Understanding of Contemporary Problems) on the Ruling of Compulsory Boycott of KFC (Malaysia)”. International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol.3 (2013), 194-200.
  • Mohamed Nasir, Kamaludeen. “Islamic Revivalism and Muslim Consumer Ethics”. Religions 13/8 (2022), 747. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13080747
  • Nasir, Siyahirah - İsmail, Abdalmannan. “I’tibar Maalat in the Fatwas of Muslim Minorities Who Are Living In Non-Muslim Countries”. Journal of Fatwa Management and Research (Special Edition) (2019), 163-178.
  • Roux, Dominique. “Consumer Resistance: Proposal for an Integrative Framework”. Recherche et Applications En Marketing (English Edition) 22/4 (2007), 59–79. https://doi.org/10.1177/205157070702200403
  • Rutherford, Donald. Routledge Dictionary of Economics. 1 Volume. London: Routledge, 2nd edition., 2002.
  • Salma, Shofiya Yusri - Aji, Hendy Mustiko. “What Drives Muslims to Boycott French Brands? The Moderating Role of Brand Judgement and Counterargument”. Journal of Islamic Marketing 14/5 (2023), 1346–1368. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-04-2021-0128
  • Sari, Dessy Kurnia et al. “Boycotting Foreign Products: A Study of Indonesian Muslim Consumers”. Journal of Islamic Marketing 8/1 (2017), 16–34. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-12-2014-0078
  • Sari, Dessy Kurnia. Investigating the Reasons Muslim Boycott Foreign Brands. Perth: The University of Western Australia, Doctorate Thesis, 2015.
  • Sen, Sankar et al. “Withholding Consumption: A Social Dilemma Perspective on Consumer Boycotts”. Journal of Consumer Research 28/3 (2001), 399–417. https://doi.org/10.1086/323729
  • Serafini, Frank - Reid, Stephanie F. “Multimodal Content Analysis: Expanding Analytical Approaches to Content Analysis”. Visual Communication 22/4 (2023), 623–649. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470357219864133
  • Shin, Seongyeon - Yoon, Sung‐Wook. “Consumer Motivation for the Decision to Boycott: The Social Dilemma”. International Journal of Consumer Studies 42/4 (2018), 439–447. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12444
  • ‛Uthmānī, Muhmmad Taqī. Fiqh al-buyū‛ ‛alā al-madhāhib al-arba‛ah. 2 Volume. Damascus: Dār al-Qalam, 2018.
  • Yunus, Anas Mohd et al. “The Concept of Boycott: A General Introduction”. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences 10/9 (2020), 962–971. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i9/7889
  • Isra Compendium for Islamic Financial Terms: Arabic-English: International Shariah Research Academy for Islamic Finance. Kuala Lumpur: International Shariah Research Academy for Islamic Finance (ISRA), 2010.
Toplam 51 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İslam Hukuku
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Ozat Shamshıyev 0000-0002-9385-7235

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 11 Haziran 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 5 Mart 2024
Kabul Tarihi 23 Mayıs 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Sayı: 61

Kaynak Göster

APA Shamshıyev, O. (2024). Consumer Boycotts and Jurisprudential Challenges Related to Identifying Their Legal Cause (‘İllah). İlahiyat Tetkikleri Dergisi(61), 179-193. https://doi.org/10.29288/ilted.1447487
AMA Shamshıyev O. Consumer Boycotts and Jurisprudential Challenges Related to Identifying Their Legal Cause (‘İllah). ilted. Haziran 2024;(61):179-193. doi:10.29288/ilted.1447487
Chicago Shamshıyev, Ozat. “Consumer Boycotts and Jurisprudential Challenges Related to Identifying Their Legal Cause (‘İllah)”. İlahiyat Tetkikleri Dergisi, sy. 61 (Haziran 2024): 179-93. https://doi.org/10.29288/ilted.1447487.
EndNote Shamshıyev O (01 Haziran 2024) Consumer Boycotts and Jurisprudential Challenges Related to Identifying Their Legal Cause (‘İllah). İlahiyat Tetkikleri Dergisi 61 179–193.
IEEE O. Shamshıyev, “Consumer Boycotts and Jurisprudential Challenges Related to Identifying Their Legal Cause (‘İllah)”, ilted, sy. 61, ss. 179–193, Haziran 2024, doi: 10.29288/ilted.1447487.
ISNAD Shamshıyev, Ozat. “Consumer Boycotts and Jurisprudential Challenges Related to Identifying Their Legal Cause (‘İllah)”. İlahiyat Tetkikleri Dergisi 61 (Haziran 2024), 179-193. https://doi.org/10.29288/ilted.1447487.
JAMA Shamshıyev O. Consumer Boycotts and Jurisprudential Challenges Related to Identifying Their Legal Cause (‘İllah). ilted. 2024;:179–193.
MLA Shamshıyev, Ozat. “Consumer Boycotts and Jurisprudential Challenges Related to Identifying Their Legal Cause (‘İllah)”. İlahiyat Tetkikleri Dergisi, sy. 61, 2024, ss. 179-93, doi:10.29288/ilted.1447487.
Vancouver Shamshıyev O. Consumer Boycotts and Jurisprudential Challenges Related to Identifying Their Legal Cause (‘İllah). ilted. 2024(61):179-93.

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