KİLİS’TEKİ ARAPÇA TABELALARIN DİL VE KÜLTÜR YÖNÜYLE İNCELENMESİ

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 218 - 260, 31.12.2019

Uğur Gülbil

https://doi.org/10.20486/imad.641531

Cited By: 1

Öz

Bu çalışma Kilis’teki işyerlerinde
Arapça olarak asılmış tabela ve levhaların dilini anlamak üzere hazırlanmıştır.
Kilis’te yer alan 250 tabela incelenmiş “ve onların” 61’i seçilerek ele
alınmıştır. Kilis’te yer alan Arapça ve çift dilli (Arapça Türkçe) tabela,
levha, pano ve bilgi amaçlı hazırlanan işaretçilerden örnekler verilmiştir.
Hayatımızda önemli bir yere sahip olan tabelalar farklı anlamlarda kullanılmış
ya da anlaşılan anlamın dışında ifade edilmiş olabilir. Çalışmamızda
caddelerde, dinlenme parklarında, market, manav, kasap ve eczane gibi
mekânlarda yer alan Arapça hazırlanmış tabelalar, imla, anlam, lehçe ifadeleri,
söz dizimi (dil bilgisi), farklı dillerden kelimelerin tespiti, cümle
çeşitleri, farklılaştırma olgusu ve kültürel unsurlar vb. yönlerle ele
alınmıştır. Bu çalışmadaki tabela fotoğrafları Kilis merkezde yapılan
incelemeler ve dükkân sahiplerinden alınan izinlerle çekilmiştir. Biraz
ayrıntıya sahip ve detaylı gibi görünse de dil öğrenirken tabelalarda yer alan
Arapça ifadelerin tahlilinin önem arz ettiği görülmektedir. Ayrıca bu
tabelalarda bulunan ifadelerdeki dilin çözümlenerek doğru ifadelerin verilmesi
Arap ülkelerine sınır şehirlerde yaşayanlar için pek çok faydalar ve
kolaylıklar sağlayacağı da düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Arapça, Dil, Anlam, Tabela, Analiz

Analysis of Arabic Signs in Terms of Language and Culture in Kilis

Öz

This study was prepared to understand the language of Arabic signs and signboards hanging in the workplaces of Kilis. 250 signs that have been in Kilis were examined and 61 of them were selected and handled. Examples of Arabic and bilingual (Arabic-Turkish) signs, plates, panels and pointers have prepared informative purpose in Kilis are given. Signs that have an important place in our lives may have been used in different meanings or may have been expressed outside the understood meaning. In our study, Arabic prepared signs in the streets, rest parks and the other places like grocery, greengrocer, butcher and pharmacy; spelling, meaning, polish expressions, syntax (grammar), detection of words from different languages, sentence types, the phenomenon of differentiation and cultural elements and so on. The signage photographs in this study were taken with the investigations made in the center of Kilis and the permissions obtained from the shop owners. Although it seems to have a little detail and detailed, it is seen that the analysis of Arabic expressions in the signs is important while learning language. It is also thought that the analysis of the language in the expressions in these signs and giving the correct expressions will provide many benefits and conveniences to the Arab countries for those living in the border cities.

Summary

It is seen
that social, political and cultural relations affect language at every stage of
history. From 2011 until today, significant numbers of refugees have come to
Turkey and Kilis in particular from the Middle East, especially from Syria, due
to the instability in Syria, and interactions between the two languages have
been seen as intense. In 2011, the number of Arabs who left their country due
to the civil war in Syria and settled in Kilis, a neighboring border, was
around 100,000, but this number continued to increase each year.

With the
presence of borders and neighborhoods of our country to the Arab countries,
some changes in appearance appear in the cities and towns near the border. This
city welcomes Syrian guests twice as much as the population of Kilis and there
are many visual changes. The most prominent of these changes is seen in
tradesmen and signs they use. In order to trade with the Arabs, which are twice
the population of Kilis, and to attract their attention, Kilis artisans have
started to make changes in the workplace signs as well as employing Arab
personnel in their workplaces. In addition to Turkish, it is seen that Turkish
Arabic or Arabic expressions are used in the signs.

In this
context, this study has been started in order to make analysis and analysis on
the language of the signs and plates hanged in Arabic in the workplaces in
Kilis considering that it will be useful to the area. In this article, 250
signboards in Kilis were examined, 61 of them were taken into consideration by
extracting similar ones and those that do not need to be examined. While
presenting the sample, Arabic and bilingual (Arabic Turkish) signs, plates,
panels and pointers prepared for information purposes are given.

In our
research, Arabic crafted signs which are located in places such as streets,
recreation parks, grocery, green grocer, butcher and pharmacy are examined in
terms of spelling, meaning, polish expressions, syntax (grammar), the
identification of words from different languages, sentence types,
differentiation and the phenomenon of cultural elements, etc. The signage
photographs in this study were taken with the inspections made in Kilis center
and the permissions obtained from the owners of the workplace. Although it
seems to have a little detail and detailed, it is seen that the analysis of
Arabic expressions in the signs is important when learning a language.
Furthermore, it is thought that providing the correct expressions by analyzing
the language in the expressions in these signs will provide many benefits and
conveniences to the Arab countries for the people living in the border cities.

Signs were
handled primarily with spelling and it was seen that many words were written
differently. It was seen that the same name was written in different ways
especially in the signs in the bus station and restaurants. For example,
Osmâniye is written as “عثمانية”
 in one sign and “اوصمانيه”;
in the other sign; Konya is written as “قونيا” in one sign and  “كونيا” in the other sign; Mersin is
seen as written “مارسين”
in a sign and“مرسن”
in another. When the signs are examined, it is noticed that the same names are
written differently.

Secondly,
the signs were examined in terms of Arabic Turkish, Turkish Arabic translation
and attention was drawn to some issues. For example, in figure 12, while the
expression of “جَنَّةُ الْفَوَاكِهِ”  means paradise of
fruits according to the Arabic syntax rule, this expression is translated into
Turkish as paradise fruits. It is understood that it is understood as fruit
from heaven. Also in figure 13, the expression of “ا“لصِّحَّةُ
أَهَمُّ شَيْءٍ وَالْأَهَمُّ هُوَ اللِّقَاحُ” is located. It appears to be translated as “the head of
everything is health and the head of Health is vaccine”. The Arabic phrase
means “Health is the most important thing and more importantly vaccination”.
The translation is evaluated in the context of equivalence and translation is
seen to be slightly different. Figure 14 shows the expression “حَافِظْ عَلَى صِحَّتِكَ وَعِشْ سَعِيدًا”. When it comes to meaning, it is translated as " Eat
Healthy, Live Happy". However, this expression means “Keep your health and
live happy ”.

Thirdly,
the expressions in the signs were examined in terms of Arabic syntax and some
rules were drawn attention. Fourthly, the words included in Arabic from
different languages ​​are emphasized and it is seen that these words are used
intensively in clothing, food and beverage, electronic and personal care
products and places. For example, it can be seen in many Arabic or internal
words entering the Arabic language from outside such as “مُوضَة”
(fashion), “لَيْدِي”
(lady), “مِكْيَاجٌ”
(makeup), “لَانْجِرِي”
(lanciri); kokteyl كُوكْتَيْلْ ”(cocktail)
in food and beverage venues,“ آفُوكَادُو,
(avocado), “الصَندويش”
(sandevich), “كَاتُو”
(kato), “إِكْسْبِرِيسُّو” (espresso), “نَسْكَافِيه” (instant coffee), “كَابِتْشِينُو” 
(cappuccino), كَرَامِيل ”(caramel),“
بُرْغَرْ ”(burger),“
فَاهِيتَا ”(fajita),“
مَكْسِيكَانُو ”(mexican),
“إِسْكَالُوبْ”, “بِيتْزَا” (pizza), “هَمْبُرْغَرْ” (hamburger) 
“شِيشْ طَاوُوقْ”
(chicken skewers),“ شَاوِرْمَا ”(rotating),“
شُورْبَة ”(soup),“
بَقْلَاوَة ”(baklava)”;
“مُوبَيْلَاتِ”
(mobile phones),“ إِلِكْتِرُونِيٌّ ”(electronic),“ سُوفْتْ وِيرْ ”(software), “هَارْدْوِيرْ” (hardware), “جَلَكْسِي”(galaxy),“
لَابْتُوبْ ”(laptop),“
كُمْبِيوتُرْ ”(computer)
in electronic stores; مِكْيَاجْ ”(makeup),“
إِكْسَسُوَارَاتْ ”(accessory),“
صَالُون ”(salon),
“بَلْيَاجْ”(balayage), “مُونُوكِيرْ”
(manicure), “بُودُوكِيرْ”
(pedicure), “كِيكبُوكْسينغ” (kickboxing), “إِيُرُوبِيكْ”
(aerobics), “تَاتُو”
(tato) in personal care products and places.

Fifthly,
the expressions in the signs were handled in terms of cultural elements.
Culture is defined as the perspective of language, religion, custom, tradition,
history, art and life specific to society. These are the factors that help a
nation to create common values. Language is one of the main elements of
culture. Because language is the most important element that brings together
other elements. Language is an element that enables cultural elements to
survive and be passed on to subsequent generations. For this reason, it is
possible for each society to translate its own history, art, thought structure,
customs and traditions to the writing by using language and to transfer the
next generations with language. In this context, the society uses its words,
concepts and words to reveal its own cultural structure. The concepts and words
used in food and drinks, in the clothing world, in the use of electronic goods,
in short, in all his works are extremely important.

Finally,
the expressions in the signs were handled in terms of differentiation and
superiority. Differentiation and superiority expressions are one of the methods
used to attract customers' attention from time to time and invite them to shop.
Each language has its own expressive structures that will reveal this
phenomenon. The sign makers try to demonstrate their superiority by making
comparisons between these expression structures and the products of the sign
holder and the products of others. It is seen that this structure is generally
expressed in Arabic by its name.

As a
result, it is very important that the expressions used in all areas of life
comply with the rules of language in the context of the protection of standard
Arabic (fusha), which is considered common among Arabs living in different
countries. For a common culture and a common past and a common future, it is
important that all Arabs maintain the standard Arabic (fusha) and use it in all
areas of their lives.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Arabic, Meaning, Sign, Analysis, Kilis

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