Ters Kissinger Doktrini: Trump Yönetiminin Rusya ile Yakınlaşma ve Çin’i Çevreleme Politikası

Öz

Bu makale, 2017-2021 yılları arasında ABD’de başkanlık görevini ifa eden Trump yönetiminin dış politikasını, “Ters Kissinger Doktrini” olarak adlandırılan yaklaşım çerçevesinde incelemektedir. Bu doktrin, Çin’i çevrelemek ve izole etmek amacıyla Rusya ile ilişkileri normalleştirme yönündeki stratejik girişimi ifade etmektedir. 1970’lerde ABD’nin Sovyetler Birliği’ni dengelemek için Çin’le yakınlaştığı Henry Kissinger’ın üçlü diplomasi hamlesiyle tarihsel bir karşılaştırma yapan çalışma, Trump’ın yaklaşımının bilinçli ve tutarlı bir stratejik doktrin mi yoksa kişisel dış politika reflekslerinin bir yansıması mı olduğunu araştırmaktadır. Tarihsel analiz, ikincil kaynak incelemesi ve neo-klasik realizm ile inşacılık (constructivism) temelli kuramsal çerçeve aracılığıyla yapılan değerlendirme sonucunda, Trump’ın eylemlerinin “Ters Kissinger” modeline bazı yönlerden benzese de kurumsal koordinasyon, stratejik tutarlılık ve uzun vadeli uygulama açısından yetersiz olduğu görülmektedir. Trump yönetimi Çin’i izole etmeyi hedefledi, fakat Çin bunun yerine Rusya ile daha yakın bir stratejik ortaklık kurdu. Ayrıca, Trump’ın NATO’ya ve kilit Avrupa müttefiklerine yönelik çatışmacı tutumu transatlantik ilişkileri zayıflattı. Bu çalışma, lider merkezli dış politika ile yapısal kısıtlar arasındaki gerilimi ortaya koymakta; Trump’ın kişisel içgüdülerinin çoğu zaman yerleşik dış politika kurumlarıyla çatıştığını göstermektedir. “Ters Kissinger” yaklaşımı pratikte bir doktrin olarak başarısız olmuş olsa da Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin (ABD) büyük stratejisinin değişen dinamiklerini anlamak açısından faydalı bir analitik çerçeve sunmaktadır. Trump’ın 2025 sonrası söylemlerinde gözlenen bazı süreklilik işaretleri – NATO’ya yeniden yöneltilen eleştiriler, Çin’e karşı sert duruş ve Rusya ile diyaloga açık olma gibi – bu yaklaşımın bazı unsurlarının halen sürdüğünü, ancak henüz yapılandırılmış bir doktrin haline gelmediğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ters Kissinger Doktrini
• Üçgen Diplomasisi
• Lider Etkisi
• Stratejik Denge
• Neoklasik Realizm.

The Reverse Kissinger Doctrine: The Trump Administration’s Policy of Rapprochement with Russia

Öz

This article examines the Trump administration’s foreign policy through the idea of a “Reverse Kissinger Doctrine,” which aimed to improve relations with Russia while confronting and isolating China. Drawing a historical comparison with Henry Kissinger’s triangular diplomacy of the 1970s-where the United States approached China to contain the Soviet Union-this study investigates whether Trump’s approach represents a deliberate and coherent strategic doctrine or a series of personal foreign policy reflexes. Based on an evaluation conducted through historical analysis, secondary source review, and a theoretical framework grounded in neoclassical realism and constructivism, it is observed that although Trump’s actions resembled the “Reverse Kissinger” model in certain aspects, they lacked institutional coordination, strategic consistency, and long-term implementation. Attempts to normalize relations with Russia faced domestic opposition and legislative constraints, while China, far from being isolated, forged a deeper strategic partnership with Russia. Moreover, Trump’s confrontational stance toward NATO and key European allies weakened transatlantic relations. This study highlights the tension between leader-centric foreign policy and structural constraints, illustrating how Trump’s personal instincts often clashed with the established foreign policy apparatus. While the "Reverse Kissinger" approach failed as a practical doctrine, it provides a useful analytical framework for understanding the evolving dynamics of U.S. grand strategy. Signs of continuity in Trump’s post-2025 rhetoric-such as renewed criticism of NATO, a tough stance on China, and openness to engaging Russia-suggest that some elements of this approach persist, though not yet in the form of a structured doctrine.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Reverse Kissinger Doctrine
• Triangular Diplomacy
• Leadership Impact
• Strategic Balance
• Neoclassical Realism.

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