‘Love Jihad’tan ‘Shaheen Bagh’a: Çağdaş Hindistan’da Cinsiyete Dayalı Güvenlikleştirme ve Kadın Yurttaşlığının Siyasetsizleştirilmesi

Öz

Bu makale, Hindistan’da Bharatiya Janata Partisi (BJP) iktidarının, kadınları siyasi öznelerden yönetilebilir yığınlara dönüştürmek için bir yönetim tekniği olarak güvenlikleştirmeyi nasıl kullandığını incelemektedir. Bu araştırma, 2024 ve 2025 yıllarında hem Birleşik Krallık’ta hem de Hindistan’da gerçekleştirilen on dokuz yarı yapılandırılmış derinlemesine mülakat verisine dayanmaktadır. Foucaultcu yönetimsellik, Arendt’in vita activa kavramı ve eleştirel güvenlik çalışmalarından yararlanan çalışma, kadınların kamusal alanda özerk siyasal failler olarak hareket etme kapasitelerinin sistemli biçimde aşındırılmasını ifade etmek için “yurttaşlığın siyasetsizleştirilmesi” kavramını geliştirmektedir. Argüman, çağdaş Hindistan içinden seçilen ve işleyiş bakımından birbirinden farklılaşan iki vakanın karşılaştırılması üzerinden ilerlemektedir. İlk vaka, Hindu kadınların Bharatiya Naari ideali ve Love Jihad aygıtı üzerinden korumacı biçimde güvenlikleştirilmesini ele almaktadır. Bu süreçte dinler-arası yapılan evlilikler bir ulusal güvenlik sorununa dönüştürülmüş ve Hindu kadınların kişisel olması gereken eş tercihleri, devlet ve sivil milislerin gözetimine tabi kılınmıştır. İkinci vaka, Shaheen Bagh protestolarının bastırılması üzerinden Müslüman kadınların cezalandırıcı biçimde güvenlikleştirilmesini ele almaktadır. Bu süreçte anayasal yurttaşlık iddialarını dile getiren Müslüman kadınlar, terörist tehditler olarak yeniden inşa edilmiş ve terörle mücadele mevzuatına maruz bırakılmıştır. Bu çerçevede, karşılaştırılan iki operasyonun, ayrı politikalar değil, tek bir iktidar mantığının koordineli ifadeleri olduğu ve bunların ortak sonucunun, dini ayrım gözetmeksizin kadınların yurttaşlıklarının siyasetsizleştirilmesi olduğu ortaya koyulmaktadır. Bu analiz, toplumsal cinsiyeti, çağdaş otoriter konsolidasyonun temel bir mücadele alanı olarak anlamak için sosyolojik bir çerçeve sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Güvenlikleştirme
• Yurttaşlığın Siyasetsizleştirilmesi
• Love Jihad
• Shaheen Bagh
• Hindutva
• Hindistan.

Etik Beyan

Bu araştırma makalesinin verileri, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Araştırma Etik Kurulu'nun "02.04.2024" tarihli ve "E-12908312-301.11-00003451847 " sayılı karar izniyle elde edilmiştir.

From ‘Love Jihad’ to ‘Shaheen Bagh’: Gendered Securitisation and the De-Citizenization of Women in Contemporary India

Öz

This article examines how the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) government in India deploys securitisation as a technique of government to transform women from political subjects into governable populations. This research is based on data from nineteen semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted in both the UK and India in 2024 and 2025. Drawing on Foucauldian governmentality, Arendtian political theory, and critical security studies, it develops the concept of “de-citizenization” to designate the systematic erosion of women’s capacity to act as autonomous political agents in the public sphere. The argument proceeds through a paired internal comparison of two operationally divergent cases within contemporary India. The first case examines the protective securitisation of Hindu women through the Bharatiya Naari ideal and the Love Jihad apparatus. It transforms interfaith marriages into a national-security concern, and subjects Hindu women’s private intimate choices to state and vigilante surveillance. The second case examines the criminalising securitisation of Muslim women through the suppression of the Shaheen Bagh protests, in which Muslim women asserting constitutional citizenship were reconstructed as terrorist threats and subjected to counter-terrorism legislation. Within this framework, it is shown that these two operations are not separate policies but coordinated articulations of a single governmental rationality whose convergent outcome is the de-citizenization of women across the religious divide. The analysis offers a sociological framework for understanding gender as a primary battleground of contemporary authoritarian consolidation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Securitisation
• De-citizenization
• Love Jihad
• Shaheen Bagh
• Hindutva
• India.

Destekleyen Kurum

Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK)

Etik Beyan

The data for this research paper was obtained with the permission of the Hacettepe University Social and Human Sciences Research Ethics Committee, decision number "E-12908312-301.11-00003451847" dated "02.04.2024"

Teşekkür

2214-A - International Research Fellowship Programme for PhD Students (2214-A Yurt Dışı Doktora Sırası Araştırma Burs Programı)

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