Terörle Mücadelede Güvenlik ve Özgürlük Paradoksu: 11 Eylül, Madrid ve Londra Saldırıları Sonrası Batı Demokrasilerinin Karşılaştırmalı Analizi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, El-Kaide tarafından düzenlenen 11 Eylül (2001), Madrid (2004) ve Londra (2005) saldırılarını, geleneksel güvenlik paradigmaları ile bireysel özgürlükler arasındaki gerilim ekseninde eleştirel perspektifle incelemektir. 21. yüzyılın başında küresel sistemi sarsan “Yeni Terörizm” olgusu, Batı'da olağanüstü güvenlik politikalarının, gözetim mekanizmalarının ve yasal kısıtlamaların yürürlüğe girmesine yol açmıştır. Kamusal düzen gerekçesiyle meşrulaştırılan bu pratikler, hak ve özgürlük alanlarını daraltarak demokratik kazanımların aşınması tartışmalarını derinleştirmiştir. Nitel araştırma yönteminin benimsendiği çalışmada, ilgili yasal düzenlemeler, resmî strateji belgeleri ve güvenlik politikaları nitel doküman analizi tekniğiyle incelenmiştir. Eleştirel Güvenlik Çalışmaları, güvenlikleştirme, istisna hali ve gözetim yaklaşımlarını bütünleştiren kuramsal çerçeve, devlet merkezli ontolojik sınırları aşarak “Özgürleşme” kavramı çerçevesinde güvenliğin referans nesnesini doğrudan insana taşımaktadır. Karşılaştırmalı vaka analiziyle elde edilen bulgular, üç ülkede terörle mücadele politikalarının devletin önleyici ve istisnai yetkilerini genişletirken bireysel haklar, mahremiyet ve özgürleşme alanlarını sınırlandırabildiğini göstermektedir. Çalışma, güvenlik ile özgürlüğün rakip değil, demokratik güvenlik politikalarının meşruiyeti açısından tamamlayıcı unsurlar olduğunu ileri sürmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yeni Terörizm
• Eleştirel Güvenlik Çalışmaları
• Güvenlik-Özgürlük Paradoksu
• Özgürleşme
• Terörle Mücadele Politikaları

The Security–Liberty Paradox in Counterterrorism: A Comparative Analysis of Western Democracies Following the 9/11, Madrid, and London Attacks

Öz

This study aims to critically examine the 9/11 (2001), Madrid (2004), and London (2005) attacks perpetrated by Al-Qaeda through the lens of the tension between traditional security paradigms and individual liberties. “New Terrorism,” which disrupted the global system in the early 21st century, led to the implementation of extraordinary security policies, surveillance mechanisms, and legal restrictions across the West. Legitimized by public order arguments, these practices narrowed fundamental rights and deepened debates on the erosion of democratic gains. Adopting a qualitative research methodology, relevant legal regulations, strategy documents, and security policies were examined through document analysis. Integrating Critical Security Studies, securitization, state of exception, and surveillance, the theoretical framework transcends state-centric ontological boundaries, shifting the referent object directly to humans and “Emancipation”. Comparative findings demonstrate that counterterrorism policies expanded preventive state authority while restricting individual rights, privacy, and spaces of emancipation. The study posits that security and liberty are mutually reinforcing elements of legitimate security policies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Critical Security Studies
• New Terrorism
• Security-Liberty Paradox
• Emancipation
• Counter-Terrorism Policies

Kaynakça

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