ALTERNATIVE PROGRAM IN SPECIAL EDUCATION (SPECIAL EDUCATION PROGRAM FOR CHILDREN FROM BIRTH TO SIX YEARS OLD)

Abstract

This study aim is to searched special education and support program for early childhood from birth to six years old. This reseach is a descriptive study which is to ensure that the complication of information on programs for rinsing early childhood too much in our country. Research area covered which is used in different country Reggio Emilia, Montessori, Waldorf Head Start approaches. Babies brain cells are formed before birth yet. The brain of a newborn baby is so good that 25% of the adult human brain. From birth, if appropriate environmental conditions are met, the connection between neurons (synapses) occurs and the child begins to learn so quickly. The research shows that; comes to a baby three years 90% of complete physical growth of the brain. Also childhood environment in which the brain functions as positive or negative effects experienced enough to play and have observed that very little touched in the brain development of children 20 to 30% percent less. The programs presented in this study, it increases the mental capacity and mental and learning capabilities of children with poor social environment to increase the participation of developing self-help skills that have been observed.

Keywords

• Early Intervention, Head Start, Montessori, Reggio Emilia and Waldorf Approaches.

ALTERNATİF ÖZEL EĞİTİM PROGRAMLARI (DOĞUMDAN ALTI YAŞA KADAR OLAN ÇOCUKLAR İÇİN ÖZEL EĞİTİM)

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı 0-6 yaş okul öncesi eğitim ve destek programlarını araştırmaktır. Araştırma betimsel bir çalışmadır ve ülkemizde çok fazla üzerinde durulamamış erken çocukluk programları hakkında bilgilerin derlenmesini sağlamaktadır. Çalışma alanı farklı ülkelerde sıklıkla kullanılan Reggio Emilia, Montessori, Waldorf okul yaklaşımı ve Head Start programlarını kapsamaktadır. Bebekler henüz doğmadan önce beyin hücreleri oluşur. Yeni doğan bir bebeğin beyni yetişkin bir insanın beyninin%25 i kadardır. Doğumdan itibaren uygun çevre koşulları sağlanırsa, nöronlar arası bağlantı (synapses) oluşur ve çocuk bu sayede hızlıca öğrenmeye başlar. Yapılan araştırmalar bir bebeğin üç yaşına geldiğinde beyninin fiziksel büyümesinin %90’ını tamamladığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca çocukluk döneminin yaşandığı çevre koşullarının beyin işlevlerini olumlu yada olumsuz etkilediği, yeterince oyun oynamayan ve çok az dokunulan çocuklarda beyin gelişiminin %20 ila 30 oranında az olduğu gözlemiştir. Bu çalışmada sunulan programların ise, zihinsel kapasiteyi artırdığı ve zihinsel ve öğrenme özellikleri zayıf olan çocukların kendi kendine yetebilme becerilerini geliştirerek sosyal ortama katılımını artırdığı gözlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Erken Müdehale, Head Start, Montessori, Reggio Emilia, Waldorf Yaklaşımları.

Kaynakça

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