Havayolu İşletmelerinde Bütünleşik Critic-Mavt Yöntemleri İle Performans Ölçümü

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, 338 - 353, 30.06.2025

Selçuk Kayhan

https://doi.org/10.54282/inijoss.1676914

Öz

Havayolu taşımacılığı küresel anlamda sunduğu hızlı ulaşım hizmeti ile ekonomik büyüme, ticaret ve turizmin gelişmesinde büyük öneme sahiptir. Bu hizmeti veren havayolu işletmeleri dalgalı yakıt fiyatları, değişken talep, yoğun rekabet karşısında bu hizmeti vermek durumunda kalmaktadır. Bu değişken ve zorlayıcı dış koşullar havayolu işletmelerinin kendilerinin ve rakiplerinin performansını sürekli takip etmeyi gerektirmektedir. Bu çalışmada havayolu işletmelerinin operasyonel ve finansal performansları çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleri ile analiz edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda CRITIC yöntemi ile belirlenen kriterler ağırlıklandırılmış, MAVT yöntemi ile de havayolu işletmeleri sıralanmıştır. Kriterler Arz Edilen Koltuk-Mil, Ücretli Yolcu-Mil gibi operasyonel parametreler ile Faaliyet Kar Marjı, Birim Gelir, Piyasa Değeri, Aktif Karlılığı, Toplam Borcun Toplam Sermayeye oranı gibi finansal parametrelerden oluşmaktadır. Havayolu işletmeleri ise dünya çapında faaliyet gösteren büyük ve geniş uçuş ağına sahip 12 havayolu işletmesidir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre en büyük ağırlığa sahip kriterin ortalama olarak piyasa değeri olduğu, en düşük ağırlığa sahip kriterin ise aktif karlılığı olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Piyasa değeri tüm yıllarda en yüksek ağırlığa sahip kriterdir ancak diğer kriterlerin göreli ağırlıkları yıllar içerisinde farklılık göstermektedir. Araştırma sonucunda Kuzey Amerika menşeili havayolu işletmelerinin 2019-2023 dönemi için en iyi performansı gösteren havayolu işletmeleri olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Araştırmanın karar verici ve politika yapıcılara yatırım, istihdam gibi alanlarda katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Havayolu , CRITIC , MAVT , Performans , ÇKKV.

Performance Measurement in Airlines With Integrated Critic-Mavt Method

Öz

Airline transportation has a great importance in promoting economic growth, trade, and tourism through the fast and efficient services it offers globally. Airlines have to provide this service in the face of fluctuating fuel prices, volatile demand and intense competition. These volatile and challenging external conditions require airlines to constantly monitor their own and their competitors' performance. This study analyzes the operational and financial performance of global airline companies using multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. In this context, the criteria determined by CRITIC method are weighted and the airlines are ranked by MAVT method. The criteria consist of operational parameters such as Available Seat-Miles, Revenue Passenger-Miles and financial parameters such as Operating Profit Margin, Yield, Market Value, Return on Assets, Total Debt to Total Capitalization ratio. The analysis covers 12 major international airlines with large and extensive flight networks. According to the findings, the criterion with the highest weight is market value on average, while the criterion with the lowest weight is return on assets. Market value is the criterion with the highest weight in all years, but the relative weights of other criteria vary over the years. Overall, the results reveal that North American airlines exhibited the strongest performance during the 2019–2023 period. The study is expected to provide valuable insights for decision-makers and policy-makers in areas such as investment and employment strategies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Airlines , CRITIC , MAVT , Performance , MCDM.

Kaynakça

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