Health Conceptualization and Quality and Accreditation Perspective in Person-Centered Health Care

Yıl 2020, , 62 - 83, 17.04.2020

Bayram Demir

https://doi.org/10.29224/insanveinsan.675151

Cited By: 4

Öz

In the historical process, the focus object of health services has changed in different
societies and times. These concepts, which are centered on healthcare services such as diseasecentered
care, patient-centered care, community-centered care and person-centered care, have
been determinative in the design of health care system. The biomedical model and biopsychosocial
model are the most important conceptual approaches that provide a framework for these types
of care. These models, which determine the perceptions of disease and health status, have
different assumptions about human and human health status. Until the 1980s, there was a field
of health services and medical practices dominated by the biomedical model. The introduction
of a different perspective on the definition of health by WHO in 1948 enabled the development
of the biopsychosocial model. The health reform wave that began in the 1980s, and in the 1990s,
quality and accreditation activities that are compatible with human-centered health care were
integrated into health systems. In this study, the relationship between biopsychosocial model
and person-centered health practices and quality accreditation studies is discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Person-Centered health service, Biomedical model, Biopsychosocial model, Quality, Accreditation

Sağlığın Kavramsallaştırılması ve İnsan Odaklı Sağlık Hizmetlerinde Kalite ve Akreditasyon Perspektifi

Öz

Tarihsel süreç içerisinde sağlık hizmetlerinin odak nesnesi farklı toplum ve zamanlarda
değişkenlik göstermiştir. Hastalık merkezli, hasta merkezli, toplum merkezli ve insan merkezli
olmak üzere sağlık hizmetinin odağına yerleşen bu kavramlar sağlık hizmeti sisteminin
tasarımında belirleyici olmuşlardır. Bunlara çatı oluşturan kavramsal yaklaşımların en
önemlileri biyomedikal model ve biyopsikososyal modeldir. Hastalık ve sağlık durumuna ilişkin
algılamaları belirleyen bu modeller insana ve insanın sağlık durumuna ilişkin farklı sayıltılara
sahiptirler. 1980’li yıllara kadar biyomedikal modelin hâkim olduğu sağlık hizmetleri ve tıbbi
pratikler alanı bulunmaktadır. 1948’de Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından sağlık tanımına farklı
bir bakış açısı getirilmiş olması biyopsikososyal modelin doğuşunu sağlamıştır. 1980’lerde
başlayan sağlık reform dalgası 1990’lara gelindiğinde sağlık sistemlerine insan merkezli
sağlık hizmetiyle uyumlu kalite ve akreditasyon çalışmaları entegre edilmiştir. Çalışmada
biyopsikososyal modelin sağlık ve hastalık yaklaşımının insan merkezli sağlık uygulamaları ve
kalite akreditasyon çalışmalarıyla ilişkisi tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İnsan odaklı sağlık hizmeti, Biyomedikal model, Biyopsikososyal model, Kalite, Akreditasyon

Kaynakça

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