Yapay Zekânın Ruh Sağlığı Hizmetlerinde Kullanımına İlişkin Fırsatlar ve Sorunlar

Yıl 2022, , 121 - 158, 18.09.2022

Mücahit Gültekin

https://doi.org/10.12658/M0664

Öz

Günümüzde adına dördüncü teknoloji devrimi denilen disiplinler arası gelişme önemli bir tartışma konusu olmaya devam etmektedir. Sırasıyla buharlı makine, elektrik ve bilgisayarın merkezinde yer aldığı bundan önceki üç devrim, köklü toplumsal dönüşümleri beraberinde getirmişti. 21. yüzyılla birlikte başlayan dördüncü teknoloji devrimini yapay zekâ ve makine öğrenmesi karakterize etmektedir. Pek çok uzman, yapay zekânın doğrudan insanın yerine geçebilecek olması ihtimalini tartışmaktadır. Bu yönüyle içinde bulunduğumuz dönemin öncekilerden farklı olduğu belirtilmektedir. Biyoloji, internet ve yapay zekânın birbirine entegre edilmesiyle ortaya çıkan yeni teknolojilerin hemen her disiplinde olduğu gibi ruh sağlığı alanında da önemli dönüşümlere yol açması beklenmektedir. Ruh sağlığı hizmetlerinin eğitim, tanı, tahmin, tedavi ve değerlendirme aşamalarında yapay zekâ ve makine öğrenmesini kullanan çalışmalar giderek artmaktadır. Bu çalışmalar, yapay zekânın ruh sağlığı hizmetlerini hangi boyutlarda ve ne yönde etkileyeceğine ilişkin tartışmaları da beraberinde getirmektedir. Yapay zekânın ruh sağlığı hizmetlerinde kullanımının avantajlarına yapılan vurgu daha güçlü olsa da dezavantaj ve sınırlılıklarına da dikkat çekilmektedir. Bu makalenin amacı; yapay zekâ ve makine öğrenmesinin ruh sağlığı hizmetlerinde kullanımına ilişkin araştırma bulgularını incelemek, yapay zekânın ruh sağlığı alanına getireceği fırsatları ve sorunları tartışmak, gelecek araştırmalar için önerilerde bulunmaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ruh sağlığı, ruh sağlığı hizmetleri, psikolojik değerlendirme, yapay zekâ, makine öğrenmesi

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Artificial Intelligence in Mental Health Services

Öz

Today, interdisciplinary development, which is called the fourth technological revolution, continues to be an important topic of discussion. Three previous revolutions in which the steam engine, electricity, and the computer were at the center respectively brought about social changes along with them. Artificial intelligence and machine learning characterize the fourth technology revolution that started in the 21st century. Many experts discuss the possibility that artificial intelligence could directly replace human beings. In this respect, the period we are in is considered to differ from the previous ones. The new technologies emerging with the integration of biology, the Internet, and artificial intelligence are expected to lead to significant changes in the field of mental health as in almost every discipline. The number of studies utilizing artificial intelligence and machine learning in training, diagnosis, prediction, treatment, and evaluation stages of mental health services are gradually increasing. These studies bring along discussions about how artificial intelligence will affect mental health services. Despite the stronger emphasis on the advantages of using artificial intelligence in mental health services, attention is also drawn to its disadvantages and limitations. The aim of this article is to examine the research findings on the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning in mental health services and to discuss the opportunities and problems that artificial intelligence would bring to the field of mental health, and to make suggestions for future research.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mental health, mental health services, psychological assesment, artificial intelligence, machine learning.

Kaynakça

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