Araştırma Notu
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Covid-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Sağlık Bakanı ve Sağlık Bakanlığı Instagram Paylaşımlarının Krize Yanıt Verme Stratejileri Doğrultusunda Analizi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 4, 28 - 73, 20.12.2022

Öz

Araştırmanın amacı, Covid-19 krizinin birinci ve ikinci dalgasının Sağlık Bakanlığı ve Sağlık Bakanı Fahrettin Koca’nın resmî Instagram hesapları aracılığıyla nasıl yönetildiğini ve krize yanıt verme stratejilerinden hangilerinin daha yoğun bir şekilde kullanıldığını belirlemektir. Araştırma, 11.03.2020-11.03.2021 tarih aralığı ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Araştırmanın diğer bir sınırlılığı ise Sağlık Bakanlığı ve Sağlık Bakanı’nın Instagram hesaplarının DiStaso ve arkadaşlarının krize yanıt verme stratejileri (bilgilendirme-sempati-özür) çerçevesinde incelenmesidir. Araştırmada nicel içerik analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Analizler doğrultusunda Sağlık Bakanlığı’nın ve Sağlık Bakanı’nın Covid-19 pandemisinin birinci ve ikinci dalgasına ilişkin resmî Instagram hesaplarındaki paylaşımlarında çoğunlukla fotoğraf+metin şeklinde görsel gönderileri kullandığı ve süreçte yapılan paylaşımların her iki hesapta da çoğunlukla pandemi ile ilgili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca Sağlık Bakanlığı’nın ve Sağlık Bakanı’nın Covid-19 pandemisinin birinci ve ikinci dalgasına ilişkin resmî Instagram hesaplarındaki paylaşımlarında, krize yanıt verme stratejilerinden en çok bilgilendirme stratejisini daha sonra ise sempati stratejisini kullandığı tespit edilmiştir. Özür stratejisine ilişkin yapılan tek bir paylaşımın ise Sağlık Bakanı’nın hesabında ve pandeminin ikinci dalgasında yapıldığı tespit edilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Benoit, W. L. (1995). Accounts, excuses, and apologies: A theory of image restoration strategies. State University of New York Press.
  • Benoit, W. L. (2013). Image repair theory. R. L. Heath (Ed.). Encyclopedia of public relations içinde (ss. 436-439). Sage Publications.
  • Benoit, W. L. (2015). Accounts, excuses, and apologies image repair theory and research (2. Baskı). Suny Press.
  • CERC. (2014). Crisis+emergency risk communication be first be right be credible. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
  • CERC. (2018). Crisis+emergency risk communication introduction. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
  • Coombs, W. T. (1995). Choosing the right words the development of guidelines of the selection of the “appropriate” crisis-response strategies. Management Communication Quarterly, 8(4), 447-476.
  • Coombs, W. T. (1998). An analytic framework for crisis situations: Better responses from a better understanding of the situation. Journal of Public Relations Research, 10(3), 177-191.
  • Coombs, W. T. (2007). Protecting organization reputations during a crisis: The development and application of situational crisis communication theory. Corporate Reputation Review, 10(3), 163–176.
  • Coombs, W. T. (2010). Parameters for crisis communication. W. T. Coombs ve S. J. Holladay (Ed.). The handbook of crisis communication içinde (ss. 17-23). Wiley-Blackwell Publishing.
  • Coombs, W. T. (2013a). Crisis communication. R. L. Heath (Ed.). Encyclopedia of public relations içinde (ss. 221-224). Sage Publications.
  • Coombs, W. T. (2013b). Situational crisis communication theory. In R. L. Heath (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Public Relations. (pp. 829-830). Sage Publications.
  • Coombs, W. T. (2015). Ongoing crisis communication planning, managing, and responding. Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Coombs, W. T. ve Holladay, S. J. (1996). Communication and attributions in a crisis: An experimental study in crisis communication. Journal of Public Relations Research, 8(4), 279-295.
  • Demir, Z. G., Karakaya, Ç. ve Sümer, F. E. (2018). Sosyal medya üzerinden kriz yönetimi: Krize yanıt verme stratejileri üzerine bir araştırma. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, 30, 410-428.
  • Digital 2020 Turkey. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2020-turkey adresinden 26.12.2020 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • DiStaso, M. W., Vafeiadis, M. ve Amaral, C. (2015). Managing a health crisis on Facebook: How the response strategies of apology, sympathy, and information influence public relations. Public Relations Review, 41(2), 222–231.
  • Dondurucu, Z. B. ve Çetinkaya, A. (2020). Uluslararası havayolları şirketlerinin Covid-19 salgını sürecinde Instagram’da marka iletişimi stratejilerinin analizi. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15(4), 325-356.
  • Eismann, K., Posegga, O. ve Fischbach, K. (2021). Opening organizational learning in crisis management: On the affordances of social media. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 30(4), 101692.
  • Eriksson, M. ve Olsson, E. K. (2016). Facebook and Twitter in crisis communication: A comparative study of crisis communication professionals and citizens. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 24(4), 198-208.
  • Fearn-Banks, K. (2011). Crisis communications a casebook approach. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Fishman, D. A. (1999). Valujet flight 592: Crisis communication theory blended and extended. Communication Quarterly, 47(4), 345-375.
  • Gommans, F. E. Y. (2020). The effects of crisis response strategy, tone of voice and culture on consumers’ responses to organizational crisis communication on Instagram. Yüksek lisans tezi. Radboud University.
  • Jin, Y., Liu, B. F. ve Austin, L. L. (2014). Examining the role of social media in effective crisis management: The effects of crisis origin, information form, and source on publics’ crisis responses. Communication Research, 41(1), 74-94.
  • Kinsky, E. S., Chen, L. ve Drumheller, K. (2021). Crisis and emergency risk communication: FEMA’s Twitter use during the 2017 hurricane season. Public Relations Review, 47(4), 102094.
  • Koçyiğit, M. (2017). Dijital halkla ilişkiler ve online kurumsal itibar yönetimi. Eğitim Yayınevi.
  • Luecke, R. (2009). Kriz yönetimi. Ö. Sarıkaya (Çev.). Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Malik, A., Khan, M. L. ve Quan-Haase, A. (2021). Public health agencies outreach through Instagram during Covid-19 pandemic: Crisis and emergency risk communication perspective. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 61, 102346.
  • Malone, P. C. ve Coombs, W. T. (2009). Introduction to special issue on crisis communication. Journal of Public Relations Research, 21(2), 121-122.
  • Maresh, M. ve Williams, D. E. (2010). Oil industry crisis communication. W. T. Coombs ve S. J. Holladay (Ed.). The handbook of crisis communication içinde (ss. 285-300). Wiley-Blackwell Publishing.
  • Niknam, F., Samadbeik, M., Fatehi, F., Shirdel, M., Rezazadeh, M. ve Bastani, P. (2021). Covid-19 on Instagram: A content analysis of selected accounts. Health Policy and Technology, 10(1), 165-173.
  • Pan, S. L., Pan, G. ve Liedner, D. E. (2012). Crisis response information networks. Journal of Association of Information Systems, 13(1), 31-56.
  • Pheng, L. S., Ho, D. K. H. ve Ann, Y. S. (1999). Crisis management: A survey of property development firms. Property Management, 17(3), 231-251.
  • Ray, S. J. (1999). Strategic communication in crisis management lessons from the airline industry. Quorum Books.
  • Reynolds, B. ve Seeger, M. W. (2005). Crisis and emergency risk communication as an integrative model. Journal of Health Communication, 10(1), 43-55.
  • Romenti, S. ve Valentini, C. (2010). Alitalia’s crisis in the media -a situational analysis. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 15(4), 380- 396.
  • Roshan, M., Warren, M. ve Carr, R. (2016). Understanding the use of social media by organisations for crisis communication. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 350-361. Sağlık Bakanlığı. (2020). https://Covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/depo/rehberler/Covid-19-rehberi/Covid19_REHBERI_GENEL_BILGILER_EPIDEMIYOLOJI_VE_TANI.pdf adresinden 17.08.2020 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Sağlık Bakanlığı. (2021). https://www.saglik.gov.tr/TR,3187/basin-merkezi.html adresinden 12.03.2021 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Schultz, F., Utz, S. ve Göritz, A. (2011). Is the medium the message? Perceptions of and reactions to crisis communication via twitter, blogs and traditional media. Public Relations Review, 37(1), 20-27.
  • Seeger, M. W. ve Sellnow, T. L. (2019). Communication in times of trouble best practices for crisis and emergency risk communication. Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Sellnow, T. L. ve Seeger, M. W. (2013). Theorizing crisis communication. Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Sellnow, T. L. ve Seeger, M. W. (2021). Theorizing crisis communication (2. Baskı). John Wiley&Sons, Inc.
  • Taylor, M. ve Kent, M. L. (2007). Taxonomy of mediated crisis responses. Public Relations Review, 33(2), 140-146.
  • Taylor, M. ve Perry, D. C. (2005). Diffusion of traditional and new media tactics in crisis communication. Public Relations Review, 31(2), 209-217.
  • Walaski, P. F. (2011). Risk and crisis communications methods and messages. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Wilcox, D. L., Cameron, G. T., Ault, P. H. ve Agee, W. K. (2005). Public relations strategies and tactics. Pearson Education, Inc.
  • Zaremba, A. J. (2015). Crisis communication: Theory and practice. Routledge.
Yıl 2022, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 4, 28 - 73, 20.12.2022

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Benoit, W. L. (1995). Accounts, excuses, and apologies: A theory of image restoration strategies. State University of New York Press.
  • Benoit, W. L. (2013). Image repair theory. R. L. Heath (Ed.). Encyclopedia of public relations içinde (ss. 436-439). Sage Publications.
  • Benoit, W. L. (2015). Accounts, excuses, and apologies image repair theory and research (2. Baskı). Suny Press.
  • CERC. (2014). Crisis+emergency risk communication be first be right be credible. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
  • CERC. (2018). Crisis+emergency risk communication introduction. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
  • Coombs, W. T. (1995). Choosing the right words the development of guidelines of the selection of the “appropriate” crisis-response strategies. Management Communication Quarterly, 8(4), 447-476.
  • Coombs, W. T. (1998). An analytic framework for crisis situations: Better responses from a better understanding of the situation. Journal of Public Relations Research, 10(3), 177-191.
  • Coombs, W. T. (2007). Protecting organization reputations during a crisis: The development and application of situational crisis communication theory. Corporate Reputation Review, 10(3), 163–176.
  • Coombs, W. T. (2010). Parameters for crisis communication. W. T. Coombs ve S. J. Holladay (Ed.). The handbook of crisis communication içinde (ss. 17-23). Wiley-Blackwell Publishing.
  • Coombs, W. T. (2013a). Crisis communication. R. L. Heath (Ed.). Encyclopedia of public relations içinde (ss. 221-224). Sage Publications.
  • Coombs, W. T. (2013b). Situational crisis communication theory. In R. L. Heath (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Public Relations. (pp. 829-830). Sage Publications.
  • Coombs, W. T. (2015). Ongoing crisis communication planning, managing, and responding. Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Coombs, W. T. ve Holladay, S. J. (1996). Communication and attributions in a crisis: An experimental study in crisis communication. Journal of Public Relations Research, 8(4), 279-295.
  • Demir, Z. G., Karakaya, Ç. ve Sümer, F. E. (2018). Sosyal medya üzerinden kriz yönetimi: Krize yanıt verme stratejileri üzerine bir araştırma. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, 30, 410-428.
  • Digital 2020 Turkey. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2020-turkey adresinden 26.12.2020 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • DiStaso, M. W., Vafeiadis, M. ve Amaral, C. (2015). Managing a health crisis on Facebook: How the response strategies of apology, sympathy, and information influence public relations. Public Relations Review, 41(2), 222–231.
  • Dondurucu, Z. B. ve Çetinkaya, A. (2020). Uluslararası havayolları şirketlerinin Covid-19 salgını sürecinde Instagram’da marka iletişimi stratejilerinin analizi. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15(4), 325-356.
  • Eismann, K., Posegga, O. ve Fischbach, K. (2021). Opening organizational learning in crisis management: On the affordances of social media. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 30(4), 101692.
  • Eriksson, M. ve Olsson, E. K. (2016). Facebook and Twitter in crisis communication: A comparative study of crisis communication professionals and citizens. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 24(4), 198-208.
  • Fearn-Banks, K. (2011). Crisis communications a casebook approach. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Fishman, D. A. (1999). Valujet flight 592: Crisis communication theory blended and extended. Communication Quarterly, 47(4), 345-375.
  • Gommans, F. E. Y. (2020). The effects of crisis response strategy, tone of voice and culture on consumers’ responses to organizational crisis communication on Instagram. Yüksek lisans tezi. Radboud University.
  • Jin, Y., Liu, B. F. ve Austin, L. L. (2014). Examining the role of social media in effective crisis management: The effects of crisis origin, information form, and source on publics’ crisis responses. Communication Research, 41(1), 74-94.
  • Kinsky, E. S., Chen, L. ve Drumheller, K. (2021). Crisis and emergency risk communication: FEMA’s Twitter use during the 2017 hurricane season. Public Relations Review, 47(4), 102094.
  • Koçyiğit, M. (2017). Dijital halkla ilişkiler ve online kurumsal itibar yönetimi. Eğitim Yayınevi.
  • Luecke, R. (2009). Kriz yönetimi. Ö. Sarıkaya (Çev.). Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Malik, A., Khan, M. L. ve Quan-Haase, A. (2021). Public health agencies outreach through Instagram during Covid-19 pandemic: Crisis and emergency risk communication perspective. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 61, 102346.
  • Malone, P. C. ve Coombs, W. T. (2009). Introduction to special issue on crisis communication. Journal of Public Relations Research, 21(2), 121-122.
  • Maresh, M. ve Williams, D. E. (2010). Oil industry crisis communication. W. T. Coombs ve S. J. Holladay (Ed.). The handbook of crisis communication içinde (ss. 285-300). Wiley-Blackwell Publishing.
  • Niknam, F., Samadbeik, M., Fatehi, F., Shirdel, M., Rezazadeh, M. ve Bastani, P. (2021). Covid-19 on Instagram: A content analysis of selected accounts. Health Policy and Technology, 10(1), 165-173.
  • Pan, S. L., Pan, G. ve Liedner, D. E. (2012). Crisis response information networks. Journal of Association of Information Systems, 13(1), 31-56.
  • Pheng, L. S., Ho, D. K. H. ve Ann, Y. S. (1999). Crisis management: A survey of property development firms. Property Management, 17(3), 231-251.
  • Ray, S. J. (1999). Strategic communication in crisis management lessons from the airline industry. Quorum Books.
  • Reynolds, B. ve Seeger, M. W. (2005). Crisis and emergency risk communication as an integrative model. Journal of Health Communication, 10(1), 43-55.
  • Romenti, S. ve Valentini, C. (2010). Alitalia’s crisis in the media -a situational analysis. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 15(4), 380- 396.
  • Roshan, M., Warren, M. ve Carr, R. (2016). Understanding the use of social media by organisations for crisis communication. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 350-361. Sağlık Bakanlığı. (2020). https://Covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/depo/rehberler/Covid-19-rehberi/Covid19_REHBERI_GENEL_BILGILER_EPIDEMIYOLOJI_VE_TANI.pdf adresinden 17.08.2020 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Sağlık Bakanlığı. (2021). https://www.saglik.gov.tr/TR,3187/basin-merkezi.html adresinden 12.03.2021 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Schultz, F., Utz, S. ve Göritz, A. (2011). Is the medium the message? Perceptions of and reactions to crisis communication via twitter, blogs and traditional media. Public Relations Review, 37(1), 20-27.
  • Seeger, M. W. ve Sellnow, T. L. (2019). Communication in times of trouble best practices for crisis and emergency risk communication. Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Sellnow, T. L. ve Seeger, M. W. (2013). Theorizing crisis communication. Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Sellnow, T. L. ve Seeger, M. W. (2021). Theorizing crisis communication (2. Baskı). John Wiley&Sons, Inc.
  • Taylor, M. ve Kent, M. L. (2007). Taxonomy of mediated crisis responses. Public Relations Review, 33(2), 140-146.
  • Taylor, M. ve Perry, D. C. (2005). Diffusion of traditional and new media tactics in crisis communication. Public Relations Review, 31(2), 209-217.
  • Walaski, P. F. (2011). Risk and crisis communications methods and messages. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Wilcox, D. L., Cameron, G. T., Ault, P. H. ve Agee, W. K. (2005). Public relations strategies and tactics. Pearson Education, Inc.
  • Zaremba, A. J. (2015). Crisis communication: Theory and practice. Routledge.
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sosyoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Murat Koçyiğit 0000-0002-2250-415X

Büşra Küçükcivil

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Koçyiğit, M., & Küçükcivil, B. (2022). Covid-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Sağlık Bakanı ve Sağlık Bakanlığı Instagram Paylaşımlarının Krize Yanıt Verme Stratejileri Doğrultusunda Analizi. İnsan Ve Toplum, 12(4), 28-73.