Lübnan Düşüncesinin Oluşumunda Beyrut’taki Misyoner Okullarının Katkısı

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 29 - 54, 20.06.2023

Mehmet Fahri Danış Esra Danacıoğlu

https://doi.org/10.12658/M0692

Öz

I. Dünya Savaşı sonrası Ortadoğu’da Avrupalı devletlerin manda idareleri altında kurulan yeni ulus-devletler, kendi özgün mevcudiyetlerini temellendirmek ve meşrulaştırmak amacıyla genellikle milli topluluklarının kökenlerini antik “atalar” ile irtibatlandırırlar. Bu irtibatlandırma süreçlerinde kullanılan “kurucu mit”ler, ulus-devletlerin teritoryal karakterlerini diğer kimliklerden ayrıştırma ve söz konusu ulus-devletlerin orijinal varlıklarını güçlendirme işlevini görürler. Lübnan düşüncesi de tam olarak böyle bir “kurucu mit” etrafında anlam kazanır ve modern Lübnan devletinin var oluş amacı, Lübnan’ın çevresindeki Arap-İslam karakterinden azade olup Fenikelilik temelinde istisnai bir kültüre sahip olması çerçevesinde okunur. Lübnan’ın Fenike ile eşleştirilmesi üzerinden sahip olduğu bu istisnai karakterin oluşumunda en etkili aktörlerden başlıcaları ise Beyrut’taki misyonerlerdir. Cizvitlere ait St. Joseph Üniversitesi ile Amerikalı Protestanlara ait Suriye Protestan Koleji (sonraki adıyla Beyrut Amerikan Üniversitesi), bu bağlamda bölgedeki en etkili eğitim kurumlarıdır. Bu çalışmada, 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısıyla Lübnan’ın kurulduğu 1920 tarihleri arasında Bilâdüşşam’da bulunan Cizvit ve Protestan misyonerlerin, Lübnan’ın kurucu Fenike mitine ve bu vesileyle de Lübnan fikrine katkıları üzerinde durulacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Lübnan, Fenike miti, misyonerlik, Cizvitler, Protestan misyonerler

The Contribution of the Missionary Schools in Beirut to the Formation of Lebanese Thought

Öz

New nation-states established in the Middle East after World War I under the mandates of European states generally connect the origins of their national communities with ancient “ancestors” in order to ground and legitimize their unique existence. The “founding myths” used in these linking processes function to distinguish the territorial characters of nation-states from other identities and to strengthen the unique existence of these nation-states. The Lebanese thought also gains meaning around such a “founding myth” and the raison d’etre of the modern Lebanese state is read in the context of Lebanon being free from the Arab-Islamic character around it and having an exceptional culture based on Phoenicianism. One of the most influential actors in the formation of this exceptional character, which Lebanon has through its matching with Phoenicia, is the missionaries in Beirut. In this study, the contribution of Jesuit and Protestant missionaries in Bilad-i Sam to the Phoenician myth of the founding of Lebanon, and on this occasion to the idea of Lebanon, will be emphasized.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Lebanon, Phoenician myth, missionary, Jesuits, Protestant missionaries

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