Yaşlılarda Ölüm Korkusunun Sosyal Medyada Yayınlanan Sağlık Haberleri Algısında FoMO Oluşturma Etkisi

Öz

Ölüm kaygısı, kişilerin yaşamları boyunca olan ve diğer korkularından önce gelen, kişinin kendisinin artık olmayacağı ve yok olacağı düşüncesiyle oluşan bir kaygıdır. Bu korku şiddetli ve acılı bir şekilde kişilerin zihninde canlanabileceği gibi duygusal ve yumuşak bir şekilde de görülebilmektedir. Burada temel olan kişinin yok olacağı ya da ölümden sonraki bilinmezlikten duyduğu kaygıdır. FoMO ise insanların günlük yaşamdaki haberleri, gelişmeleri ve bilgileri bilmeme veya kaçırmama endişesidir. FoMO teknolojik gelişmelerle ve iletişim teknolojisindeki ilerlemelerle artış göstermektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında sağlık haberlerinin takibinde yaşlılıkla birlikte ölüm kaygısının artması ve bu durumun FoMO oluşumuna etkisi üzerinde durularak alana farklı bir boyut kazandırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu anlamda araştırmanın amacı, yaşlıların ölüm korkusunun sağlık haberlerinin takibi ve algılanmasında FoMO'ya yol açıp açmadığını incelemektir. Araştırma, İstanbul'da 65 yaş üstü kişilere anket uygulanarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analizden elde edilen sonuçlar, kişilerin ölüm korkusunun sağlık haberlerinin takibinde ve sağlık haberlerine olan inançlarında davranış değişiklikleri oluşturduğunu ve ölüm korkusu ile FoMO davranışları arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişkiler olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• sosyal medya
• sağlık haberleri
• FoMO
• Ölüm Kaygısı
• yaşlanma

The Effect of Fear of Death in The Elderly Creating FoMO on The Perception of Health News Published on Social Media

Öz

Death anxiety is an anxiety that occurs throughout people's lives and precedes other fears, and is formed by the thought that the person will no longer exist and disappear. This fear can be seen in the minds of people in a severe and painful way, as well as in an emotional and soft way. The main thing here is the anxiety of the person's disappearance or the unknown after death. FoMO, on the other hand, is the concern of people not knowing or missing news, developments and information in daily life. FoMO is increasing with technological developments and advances in communication technology. Within the scope of this study, it is aimed to bring a different dimension to the field by focusing on the increase in death anxiety with old age in the follow-up of health news and the effect of this situation on the formation of FoMO. In this sense, the aim of the research is to examine whether the fear of death of the elderly leads to FoMO in monitoring and perceiving health news. The research was carried out by applying a questionnaire to people over the age of 65 in Istanbul. The results obtained from the analysis revealed that the fear of death caused behavioral changes in the follow-up of health news and their belief in health news, and there were positive significant relationships between fear of death and FoMO behaviors.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Social media
• health news
• FoMO
• Death Anxiety
• aging

Kaynakça

1. Alt, D. (2015). College students’ academic motivation, media engagement and fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior, 49, 111–119.
2. Alutaybi, A. Al-Thani, D. McAlaney, J. & Ali, R. (2020). Combating Fear Of Missing Out (Fomo) on Social Media: The Fomo-R Method. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17, 17, 6128.
3. Arslan, H. Tozkoparan, B. S. & Kurt, A. (2019). Examination of Nomophobia and Fear of Missing Out Among Teachers, Erzincan Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 21, 3, 237-256. Ayten, A. (2009). Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Ölüm Kaygısı: Türk ve Ürdünlü Öğrenciler Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir Araştırma, Din bilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi, IX, sayı: 4
4. Azaiza F., Ron P., Shoham M. & Gigini I. (2010). Death and Dying Anxiety Among Elderly Arab Muslims in Israel, Death Studies, 34:4,351-364.
5. Baker, Z. G., Krieger, H. & LeRoy, A. S. (2016). Fear of missing out: Relationships with depression, mindfulness, and physical symptoms. Translational Issues in Psychological Science, 2, 275-282.
6. Benton J.P., Cristopher A.N. & Walter M.I. (2007). Death Anxiety as a Function of Aging Anxiety, Death Studies, 31:4, 337-350.
7. Blackwell, D. Leaman, C. Tramposch, R. Osborne, C. & Liss, M. (2017). Extraversion, neuroticism, attachment style and fear of missing out as predictors of social media use and addiction. Personality and Individual Differences, 116, 69–72.
8. Bodner, E., & Cohen-Fridel, S. (2014). The paths leading from attachment to ageism: A structural equation model approach. Death Studies, 38, 423–429.

9. Buglass, S.L., Binder, J.F., Betts, L.R. & Underwood, J.D. (2017). Motivators of online vulnerability: The impact of social network site use and FOMO. Computers in Human Behavior. 66, 248–255.
10. Carmel, S., & Mutran, E. (1997). Wishes regarding the use of life-sustaining treatments among elderly persons in Israel: An explanatory model. Social Science & Medicine, 45, 1715–1727.
11. Cham, S., Algashami, A., Aldhayan, M., McAlaney, J., Phalp, K., Almourad, M.B. & Ali, R. (2019). Digital Addiction: Negative Life Experiences and Potential for Technology-Assisted Solutions. Advences in Intelligent Systems and Computing. 16, 921–931.
12. Cicirelli, V. G. (1999). Personality And Demographic Factors İn Older Adults’ Fear Of Death, The Gerontologist, 39, 569–579.
13. Coget, J., Yamauchi, Y. & Suman, M. (2002). The Internet, Social Networks, And Loneliness. IT & Society, 1, 180–201.
14. Çınar, F., Şengül, H., Çapar, H., Çakmak, C. & Bilge, Y. (2018). Sağlık Haberleri Algısı: Bir Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması. JAREN, 4(3), 164-171.
15. Dhir, A., Yossatorn, Y., Kaur, P., & Chen, S. (2018). Online social media fatigue and psychological wellbeing: A study of compulsive use, fear of missing out, fatigue, anxiety, and depression. International Journal of Information Management, 40, 141–152.
16. Elhai, J. D., Levine, J. C., Dvorak, R. D., & Hall, B. J. (2016). Fear of missing out, need for touch, anxiety and depres- sion are related to problematic smartphone use. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 509–516.
17. Elhai, J. D., Rozgonjuk, D., Liu, T., & Yang, H. (2019). Fear of missing out predicts repeated measurements of great- er negative affect using experience sampling methodology. Journal of Affective Disorders. 1-6.
18. Elhai, J. D., Gallinari, E. F., Rozgonjuk, D., & Yang, H. (2020). Depression, anxiety and fear of missing out as corre- lates of social, non-social and problematic smartphone use. Addictive Behaviors, 105, 1–7.
19. Elhai, J. D. Yang, H. & Montag, C. (2020). Fear of missing out (FOMO): Overview, theoretical underpinnings, and literature review on relations with severity of negative affectivity and problematic technology use. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 43, 203-209.
20. Falkenhain M. & Handal P.J. (2003). Religion, Death Attitudes, and Belief in Afterlife in the Elderly: Untangling the Relationships, Journal of Religion and Health, 42(1), 67-76.
21. Greenberg, J., Pyszczynski, T., Solomon, S., Simon, L., & Breus, M. (1994). Role of consciousness and accessibility of death-related thoughts in mortality salience effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 627–637.
22. Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., & Pyszczynski, T. (1997). Terror management theory of self-esteem and cultural worldviews: Empirical assessments and conceptual refinements. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 29, pp. 61–139). Elsevier.
23. Griffin, B., Loh, V. & Hesketh, B. (2013). A mental model of factors associated with subjective life expectancy. Social Science & Medicine, 82, 79–86.
24. Hetz, P. R., Dawson, C. L. & Cullen, T. A. (2015). Social media use and the fear of missing out (FoMO) while studying abroad. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 47, 4, 259-272.
25. Hodkinson, C. (2016). “Fear of missing out” (FoMO) marketing appeals: A conceptual model. Journal of Marketing Communications, 25, 65-88.
26. Holte, A. J., & Ferraro, F. R. (2020). Anxious, bored, and (maybe) missing out: Evaluation of anxiety attachment, boredom proneness, and fear of missing out (FoMO). Computers in Human Behavior, 112, 1-12.
27. Hoşgör, H., Koç Tütüncü, S., Gündüz-Hoşgör, D., & Tandoğan, Ö. (2017). Üniversite öğrencileri arasında sosyal medyadaki gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusu yaygınlığının farklı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. International Journal of Academic Value Studies, 3(17), 213-223.
28. Karaca, F. (2000). Ölüm Psikolojisi, İstanbul: Beyan Yayınları
29. Karakuş G., Öztürk, Z. & Tamam, L. (2012). Ölüm ve Ölüm Kaygısı. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi, 21(1):42-79.
30. Kim, J. & Lee, J. E. R. (2011). The Facebook paths to happiness: Effects of the number of Facebook friends and self-presentation on subjective well-being. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14, 359–364.
31. Kotter-Gr€uhn, D., Gr€uhn, D., & Smith, J. (2010). Predicting one’s own death: The relationship between subjective and objective nearness to death in very old age. European Journal of Ageing, 7, 293–300.
32. Krause N., Pargament K.I. & Ironson G. (2018). In the Shadow of Death: Religious Hope as a Moderator of the Effects of Age on Death Anxiety. Journals of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 73(4), 696–703.
33. Lamblin, M., Murawski, C., Whittle, S. & Fornito, A. (2017). Social Connectedness, Mental Health and the Adolescent Brain. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 80, 57–68.
34. Lasher, K. P., & Faulkender, P. J. (1993). Measurement of aging anxiety: Development of the anxiety about aging scale. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 37, 247–259.
35. Liu, C., & Ma, J.-L. (2019). Adult attachment orientations and social networking site addiction: The mediating ef- fects of online social supports and the fear of missing out. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 26–29.
36. Martens, A., Greenberg, J., Schimel, J., & Landau,M. J. (2004). Ageism and death: Effects of mortality salience and perceived similarity to elders on reactions to elderly people. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 1524–1536.
37. Milyavskaya, M., Saffran, M., Hope, N. & Koestner, R. (2018). Fear of missing out: prevalence, dynamics, and consequences of experiencing FOMO. Motivation and Emotion, 42(5), 725-737.
38. Mohammadpour A., Sadeghmoghadam L., Shareinia H., Jahani S. & Amiri F. (2018). Investigating The Role Of Perception Of Aging And Associated Factors İn Death Anxiety Among The Elderly. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 13, 405–410.
39. Pollak, J. M. (1980). Correlates of death anxiety: A review of empirical studies. Omega, 10 (2), 97-121.
40. Przybylski, A. K., Murayama, K., DeHaan, C. R. & Gladwell, V. (2013). Motivational, Emotional, and Behavioral Correlates of Fear of missing Out. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(4), 1841–1848.
41. Pyszczynski, T., Solomon, S., & Greenberg, J. (2015). Thirty years of terror management theory: From genesis to revelation. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 52, 1–70.
42. Quinn, P.K., & Reznikoff, M. (1985). The relationship between death anxiety and the subjective experience of time in the elderly. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 21, 197–210.
43. Riordan, B. C., Cody, L., Flett, J. A., Conner, T. S., Hunter, J. & Scarf, D. (2020). The development of a single item FoMO (fear of missing out) scale. Current Psychology, 39, 4, 1215-1220.
44. Roberts, J. A. & David, M. E. (2019). The social media party: Fear of missing out (FoMO), social media intensity, connection, and well-being. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 36(1), 1-7.
45. Russac, R. J., Gatliff, C., Reece, M. & Spottswood, D. (2007). Death Anxiety across the Adult Years: An Examination of Age and Gender Effects. Death Studies, 31(6), 549–561.
46. Say Şahin D. & Örnek Büken N. (2020). Death Anxıety And Concept Of Good Death In The Elderly. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics, 23(1): 18-26.
47. Singh Madnawat, A.V. & Singh Kachawa, P. (2007). Age, Gender, and Living Circumstances: Discriminating Older Adults on Death Anxiety, Death Studies, 31, 763-769.
48. Solomon, S., Greenberg, J., & Pyszczynski, T. (1991). A terror management theory of social behavior: The psychological functions of self-esteem and cultural worldviews. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 24, 93–159.
49. Templer, D. I. (1970). The Construction and Validation of a Death Anxiety Scale. The Journal of General Psychology, 82(2), 165-177.
50. Templer, D. I. (1971). Death anxiety as related to depression and health of retired persons. Journal of Gerontology, 26, 521-523.
51. Twenge, J. M. Joiner, T. E. Rogers, M. L. & Martin, G. N. (2018). Increases in depressive symptoms, suicide-related outcomes, and suicide rates among U.S. adolescents after 2010 and links to increased new media screen time. Clinical Psychological Science, 6, 3–17.
52. Wei, M., Russell, D. W., & Zakalik, R. A. (2005). Adult attachment, social self-efficacy, self-disclosure, loneliness, and subsequent depression for freshman college students: A longitudinal study. Journal of Counseling Psycholo- gy, 52(4), 601–614.
53. Werner, K., Jazaieri, H., Goldin, P., Ziv, M., Heimberg, R., & Gross, J. (2012). Self-compassion and social anxiety disorder. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 25, 543–558.
54. Weisskirch, R. S., & Crossman, K. A. (2022). The Impact of Death and Dying Education for Undergraduate Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic. OMEGA-Journal of Death and Dying.
55. Wong, P. T., Reker, G. T., & Gesser, G. (1994). Death attitude profile—Revised: A multidimensional measure of attitudes toward death. In R. A. Neimeyer (Ed.), Death anxiety handbook: Research, instrumentation, and application. Series in death education, aging, and health care (pp. 121-148). Washington, DC: Taylor & Francis.