Ekolojik Değerlendirme: Zihinsel yetersizliği olan çocukların değerlendirilmesinde bir yaklaşım

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 148 - 159, 01.06.2011

M. Naeem Mohsin

https://doi.org/10.20489/intjecse.107951

Öz

Zihinsel yetersizliği olan çocukların değerlendirilmesi özel eğitim hizmetlerine uygunluğa karar vermek için gereklidir. Bilişsel ve uyumsal davranışlar zihinsel yetersizliğin tanımının vazgeçilmez unsurlarıdır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı bu çocukların değerlendirilmesinde kullanılan çeşitli önemli testleri, ölçekleri ve araçları incelemektir. Bu çalışma ayrıca dünyadaki teknik olarak gelişmiş diğer ülkelerde geliştirilen ve Pakistanda kullanılan zekâ testlerinin ve uyum ölçeklerinin kullanımına karşı kritik tartışmaları sunmaktadır. Zihinsel yetersizliği olan çocuklar için işlevsel becerilere yönelik ihtiyaç değerlendirmesi ve program hazırlama için en iyi yaklaşım olarak ekolojik değerlendirme detaylı şekilde tartışılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Değerlendirme, zihinsel yetersizlik, ekolojik değerlendirme.

Ecological Inventory: An approach for assessment of children with intellectual disability

Öz

Assessment of children with intellectual disability is necessary to determine their eligibility for special educational services. As cognitive and adaptive behaviors are essential parts of the definition of intellectual disability. The main purpose of this paper is to review of different major tests, scales and instruments which are used for assessment of these children. This paper also present critical arguments against using intelligence tests and adaptive scales developed in other technically advanced countries of the world and use in Pakistan. Ecological approach is discussed in detail as best approach for need assessment of functional skills and programming for children with intellectual disability.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Assessment, intellectual disability, ecological inventory.

Kaynakça

• American Association on Intellectual Disability. (2010). Intellectual Disability: Definition, classification, and systems of supports. Washington, D. C.: American Association on Mental Retardation.
• American Association on Mental Retardation. (1992). Mental retardation: Definition, classification, and systems of supports. Washington, D. C. : American Association on Mental Retardation.
• American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th ed., Washington, D. C.: The American Psychiatric Association.
• Annabelle, N. (1990). Curriculum design techniques. U.S.A: W. Mc Brown.
• Baine, D. (1991). Handicapped children in developing countries. Canada: The Department of Educational Psychology, University of Alberta.
• Braaten, E. (2007). The clinician’s report writing handbook. 2nd ed. New York : Guilford Press.
• Council for Exceptional Children, Division on Developmental Disabilities http://www.mrddcec.org/index.htm.
• Elliot, C. D. (2007). Differential ability scales-II. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation Harcourt Brace Janovich, Inc.
• Heward, W. (2006). Exceptional Children: An introduction to Special Education. 8th ed. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
• Kirk, A. S., Gallagher, J.J., & Anastasiow, J. N. (2000). Educating exceptional children. 9th Ed. New York: Houghton Mifflin.
• Margot, P. (1996). Understanding specific learning difficulties. U.K: Psychology Press Publishers.
• Myreddi, V., & Narayan, J. (1998). Functional academic for student with mental retardation – a guide for teachers. Secunderabad: The National institute for Mentally Handicapped Secunderabad.
• Nihira, Leland, & Lambert (1993). Adaptive behavior scale – Residential & Community: 2nd ed (ABS–RC:2) Austin, TX: PRO-ED
• Narayan, J., & Kutty, T. A., (1992). Toward independence series-1. 1st ed. Secunderabad; The National Institute for Mentally Handicapped Secunderabad.
• Peshawaria, R., & Venkatesan, (1992). Behavioral approach in teaching mentally retarded children; A manual for teachers. Manovikas Nagar: The National Institute for Mentally Handicapped.
• Sattler, J. M. (1992). Assessment of children. 3rd ed. San Diego: Jerome M. Sattler, Publisher.
• Sparrow, S. S., Cicchetti, D. V., & Balla, D. A. (2005). Vineland-II adaptive behavior scales: survey forms manual. Circle Pines, MN: AGS Publishing.
• Wechsler, D. (1981).Wechsler adult intelligence scale-revised. San Antonio: The Psychological Corporation.
• Wechsler, D. (2003). Wechsler preschool primary scale of intelligence - Revised. San Antonio: The Psychological Corporation
• Wechsler, D. (2003). Wechsler intelligence scale for children. 3rd ed. San Antonio: The Psychological Corporation.