Araştırma Makalesi
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İlkokul Sınıflarında Soru Cevap İlişkileri (QAR): Okuduğunu Anlama için Temel Oluşturma

Yıl 2010, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 31 - 44, 01.03.2010
https://doi.org/10.20489/intjecse.107956

Öz

Soru Cevap İlişkileri (QAR) okuduğunu anlamada güçlü bir temel oluşturmak için ilkokul sınıflarında etkili bir şekilde öğretilebilmektedir. Bu eylem araştırmasında, bir okulöncesi, bir birinci ve bir ikinci sınıf öğretmeni bir özel eğitim öğretmeni ile birlikte QAR stratejisini dört hafta boyunca sınıflarında uygulamışlardır. Öğretmenler sınıflarında uygulamadan önce bu strateji ile ilgili eğitimi almışlardır. QAR'ın küçük çocuklarla uygulamasında ilgi çekici yöntemler öğretmenlere gösterilmiştir. Sonrasında da tüm uygulama sürecinde onlara destek sağlanmıştır. Sonuçlar, QAR yönteminin, etkili bir şekilde uygulandığında, küçük çocukların anlamasını artırabildiğini ve okuduğunu anlamaya yönelik sağlam bir temel oluşturabildiğini göstermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Alvermann, D.E., Phelps, S.F., & Ridgeway, V.G. (2007). Content area reading and literacy (5 ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. th
  • Caldwell, J.S., & Leslie, L. (2005). Intervention strategies to follow informal reading inventory assessment: So what do I do now? Boston: Pearson Education, Inc.
  • Ezell, H. K., Hunsicker, S. A., & Quinque, M. M. (1997). Comparison of two strategies for teaching reading comprehension skills. Education and Treatment of Children, 20(4), 365-382.
  • Ezell, H. K., Hunsicker, S. A., Quinque, M. M., & Randolph, E. (1996). Maintenance and generalization of QAR reading comprehension strategies. Reading Research and Instruction, 36(1), 64-81.
  • Ezell, H. K., Kohler, F. W., Jarzynka, M. & Strain, P. S. (1992). Use of peer-assisted procedures to teach QAR reading comprehension strategies to third-grade children. Education and Treatment of Children, 15(3), 205-227.
  • Frank, C.B., Grossi, J.M., & Stanfield, D.J. (2006). Applications of reading strategies within the classroom. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc.
  • Graham, L & Wong, B. Y. L. (1993). Comparing two modes of teaching a question- answering strategy for enhancing reading comprehension: Didactic and self- instructional training. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 26(4), 270-279.
  • Lester, H. (1993). Tacky the penguin. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
  • Marshall, E. (2002) The rat and the cat. Scott Foresman 1st Grade Reader Vol. 4. Glennview, IL: Pearson Scott Foresman.
  • Motion. (2007). Harcourt Inc.. Orlando: Harcourt.
  • Raphael, T.E., Highfield, K., & Au, K.H. (2006). QAR now: A powerful and practical framework that develops comprehension and higher-level thinking in all students. New York: Scholastic.
  • Raphael, T.E., & Au, K. H. (2005). QAR: Enhancing comprehension and test taking across grades and content areas. The Reading Teacher, 59, 206-221.
  • Raphael, T.E. (1986). Teaching question-answer relationships, revisited. The Reading Teacher, 39, 516-522.
  • Raphael, T. E. & Pearson, P. D. (1985). Increasing students’ awareness of sources of information for answering questions. American Educational Research Journal, 22(2), 217-235.
  • Raphael, T. E. & Wonnacott, C. A. (1985). Heightening fourth-grade students’sensitivity to sources of information for answering comprehension questions. Reading Research Quarterly, 20 (3), 282-296.
  • Raphael, T. E. & McKinney, J. (1983). An examination of fifth-and eighth-grade children’s question-answering behavior: An instructional study in metacognition. Journal of Reading Behavior, 15(3), 67-86.
  • Raphael, T.E. (1982). Question-answering strategies for children. The Reading Teacher, 36, 186-190.
  • Raphael, T. E. & Pearson, P. D. (1982). The effect of metacognitive awareness training on children’s question-answering behavior. Technical Report No. 238. Urbana, IL: Center for the Study of Reading, University of Illinois.
  • Tompkins, G.E. (2004). 50 literacy strategies: Step by step. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Education, Inc.

Question Answer Relationships (QAR) in the Primary Grades: Laying the Foundation for Reading Comprehension

Yıl 2010, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 31 - 44, 01.03.2010
https://doi.org/10.20489/intjecse.107956

Öz

Question Answer Relationships (QAR) can be taught effectively to students in the primary grades for the purpose of laying a strong foundation for reading comprehension. In this action research study, a kindergarten, first, and second grade teacher, along with a special education teacher, implemented the QAR strategy in their classrooms over a four week period. The teachers were trained in the strategy prior to implementing it in their classrooms. They were shown engaging methods of implementing the QAR with young students. Support was then provided to them throughout the entire implementation period. The results indicate that the QAR strategy, if implemented effectively, can increase comprehension of young students and provide a strong foundation for reading comprehension.

Kaynakça

  • Alvermann, D.E., Phelps, S.F., & Ridgeway, V.G. (2007). Content area reading and literacy (5 ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. th
  • Caldwell, J.S., & Leslie, L. (2005). Intervention strategies to follow informal reading inventory assessment: So what do I do now? Boston: Pearson Education, Inc.
  • Ezell, H. K., Hunsicker, S. A., & Quinque, M. M. (1997). Comparison of two strategies for teaching reading comprehension skills. Education and Treatment of Children, 20(4), 365-382.
  • Ezell, H. K., Hunsicker, S. A., Quinque, M. M., & Randolph, E. (1996). Maintenance and generalization of QAR reading comprehension strategies. Reading Research and Instruction, 36(1), 64-81.
  • Ezell, H. K., Kohler, F. W., Jarzynka, M. & Strain, P. S. (1992). Use of peer-assisted procedures to teach QAR reading comprehension strategies to third-grade children. Education and Treatment of Children, 15(3), 205-227.
  • Frank, C.B., Grossi, J.M., & Stanfield, D.J. (2006). Applications of reading strategies within the classroom. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc.
  • Graham, L & Wong, B. Y. L. (1993). Comparing two modes of teaching a question- answering strategy for enhancing reading comprehension: Didactic and self- instructional training. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 26(4), 270-279.
  • Lester, H. (1993). Tacky the penguin. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
  • Marshall, E. (2002) The rat and the cat. Scott Foresman 1st Grade Reader Vol. 4. Glennview, IL: Pearson Scott Foresman.
  • Motion. (2007). Harcourt Inc.. Orlando: Harcourt.
  • Raphael, T.E., Highfield, K., & Au, K.H. (2006). QAR now: A powerful and practical framework that develops comprehension and higher-level thinking in all students. New York: Scholastic.
  • Raphael, T.E., & Au, K. H. (2005). QAR: Enhancing comprehension and test taking across grades and content areas. The Reading Teacher, 59, 206-221.
  • Raphael, T.E. (1986). Teaching question-answer relationships, revisited. The Reading Teacher, 39, 516-522.
  • Raphael, T. E. & Pearson, P. D. (1985). Increasing students’ awareness of sources of information for answering questions. American Educational Research Journal, 22(2), 217-235.
  • Raphael, T. E. & Wonnacott, C. A. (1985). Heightening fourth-grade students’sensitivity to sources of information for answering comprehension questions. Reading Research Quarterly, 20 (3), 282-296.
  • Raphael, T. E. & McKinney, J. (1983). An examination of fifth-and eighth-grade children’s question-answering behavior: An instructional study in metacognition. Journal of Reading Behavior, 15(3), 67-86.
  • Raphael, T.E. (1982). Question-answering strategies for children. The Reading Teacher, 36, 186-190.
  • Raphael, T. E. & Pearson, P. D. (1982). The effect of metacognitive awareness training on children’s question-answering behavior. Technical Report No. 238. Urbana, IL: Center for the Study of Reading, University of Illinois.
  • Tompkins, G.E. (2004). 50 literacy strategies: Step by step. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Education, Inc.
Toplam 19 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Kitap Değerlendirmesi
Yazarlar

Leah H. Kinniburgh Bu kişi benim

Sandra S. Prew Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mart 2010
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2010 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kinniburgh, L. H., & Prew, S. S. (2010). Question Answer Relationships (QAR) in the Primary Grades: Laying the Foundation for Reading Comprehension. International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education, 2(1), 31-44. https://doi.org/10.20489/intjecse.107956