Determining the Validity and the Reliability of the Mobbing Scale for the Football Referees

Öz

The purpose of this study is to analyse the validity and reliability of the Mobbing Scale for the Football Referees (MSFR), prepared for determining the levels of psychological mobbing behaviours that the active football ranking referees in the Turkish Football Federation are exposed to. An attempts to develop the scale was made by having prepared a test scale consisting of 45 items of five-point Likert type and then applied to the referees and then a factor analysis method was used which changed the large number of variables by making them a small number of significant and independent from each others factors. According to the data acquired from the factor analysis procedure, the scale showed 21 + 12 items and a structure of three + two components. It was found out that the first 21 items in the scale were formed from three sub-dimensions (attack on the profession of the individual, attack on the sociability of the individual, attack on the personality of the individual), whereas the 12 items were formed from two sub-dimensions (Sports and social environment). The total variance of the scale explained in attack dimensions (21 items) on the individual’s profession, sociability, and personality was calculated as 61.32, and its cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficient was calculated as 0.92. And its factor loadings were observed between 0.50 and 0.86. And the total variance which explains the sub-dimensions of the sports and social the environment (12 items) was calculated as 88.7, and the Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient as 0.97. The factor loadings were found to be between 0.66 and 0.88. When taking into consideration the values obtained from the scale, it can be said that the Mobbing Scale Related to the Football Referees was a valid and a reliable scale.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mobbing, Football referees, Scale Development, Validity and Reliability.

Futbol Hakemlerine Yönelik Mobbing Ölçeğinin Geçerlik ve Güvenirliğinin Belirlenmesi

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu bünyesindeki faal futbol klasman hakemlerinin psikolojik yıldırma (mobbing) davranışlarına uğrama düzeylerini belirlemeye yönelik hazırlanan ölçeğin (FHMÖ) geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizlerini yapmaktır. Ölçeği geliştirebilmek için beşli likert tipinde 45 maddeden oluşan deneme ölçeği hazırlanarak hakemlere uygulanmış ve sonrasında çok sayıdaki değişkeni az sayıda, anlamlı ve birbirinden bağımsız faktörler haline getiren faktör analizi metodu kullanılmıştır. Faktör analizi işleminden elde edilen verilere göre ölçek, 21 + 12 madde ve üç + iki bileşenli bir yapı göstermiştir. Ölçekteki ilk 21 maddenin üç alt boyuttan (Bireyin mesleğine yönelik saldırı, bireyin sosyalliğine yönelik saldırı, bireyin kişiliğine yönelik saldırı) oluştuğu, 12 maddesinin ise iki alt boyuttan (Spor ve sosyal çevre) oluştuğu belirlenmiştir. Ölçeğin; Bireyin mesleğine, sosyalliğine ve kişiliğine yönelik saldırı boyutlarının (21 madde) açıkladığı toplam varyansın 61.32, cronbach’s alpha iç tutarlılık katsayısı ise 0.92 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Faktör yüklerinin ise 0.50 ile 0.86 arasında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Spor ve sosyal çevre alt boyutlarının açıkladığı toplam varyansın ise (12 madde) 88.7, cronbach’s alpha iç tutarlılık katsayısı ise 0.97 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Faktör yüklerinin ise 0.66 ile 0.88 arasında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ölçekten elde edilen değerlere bakılarak Futbol Hakemlerine Yönelik Mobbing Ölçeği’nin geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek olduğu söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mobbing, Futbol hakemleri, Ölçek Geliştirme, Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik

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