Yoga, Anxiety, and Some Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Women1

Öz

This study aimed to examine the effects of a yoga program on anxiety, and some cardiovascular risk factors. Forty-six elderly participants aged 40–51 years women. The yoga program was based on 3 times/week for 10 weeks a set of yoga techniques, in the form of asana (postures) and deep relaxation technique, pranayama (breathing techniques) and meditation three for 60 minutes three times a week. The level of anxiety and decreased the risk factors for cardiovascular disease risk factors (CVD). The yoga program reduced the level of anxiety and decreased the risk factors for cardiovascular disease risk factors (CVD) in the experimental group. After 8 weeks of the yoga program. SBP, DBP, BMI, HR and WC values were improved. It is likely that the yoga practices of controlling body, mind, and spirit combine to provide useful physiological effects for healthy people and for people compromised by cardiovascular disease.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• blood pressure
• cardiovascular disease
• hypertension
• mortality
• anxiety
• obesity

Kaynakça

1. Barnes VA, Treiber FA, Johnson MH (2004). Impact of Transcendental Meditation on Ambulatory Blood Pressure in African-American Adolescents. AJ; 17:366–369.
2. Bernardi L, Passino C, Spadacini G, BonWchi M et al (2007). Reduced hypoxic ventilatory response with preserved blood oxygenation in yoga trainees and Himalayan Buddhist monks at altitude: evidence of a different adaptive strategy? Eur J Appl Physiol; 99:511–518.
3. Chung SC, Brooks MM, Rai M, Balk JL, Rai S (2012). Effect of Sahaja yoga meditation on quality of life, anxiety, and blood pressure control. J Altern Complement Med: 18(6); 589–596.
4. Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report (2003). JAM; 289:2560-2571.
5. Chobanian A, Bakris G, Black H, et al (2010). The Seventh Report of the Joint National Geish BJ, Sliwa K, Mayosi BM, et al. Novel therapeutic concepts: the epidemic of cardiovascular disease in the developing world: global implications. Eur Hear; 31.
6. Cohen D, Bloedon L, Rothman R, et al. (2011). Iyenger yoga versus enhanced usual care on blood pressure in patients with prehypertension to stage 1 hypertension a randomized controlled trial. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine: 546428. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nep130.
7. Daly MB. Interaction between respiration and circulation, in Cherniak NS, Widdicombe JG (eds): Handbook of Physiology. Bethesda, Am Physiol Soc 1986; 2 Part II:529–594.
8. Donesky-Cuenco D, Nguyen HQ, Paul S, et al (2009). Yoga therapy decreases dyspnea-related distress and improves functional performance in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A pilot study. J Altern Complement Med; 15: 225– 234.

9. Hajjar I, Kotchen TA (2003). Trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the United States, 1988-2000. JAMA; 290:199-206.
10. Kearney PM, Whelton M, Reynolds K, et al (2005). Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data. Lancet; 365(9455): 217- 223.
11. Li AW1, Goldsmith CA (2012). The effects of yoga on anxiety and stress. Altern Med Rev:17(1); 21-35.
12. Menke A, Muntner P, Wildman RP, et al (2007). Measures of adiposity and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Obesity (Sitver Spring);15(3):785-795.
13. World Health Organization (WHO) (1998). Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic: Report of a WHO Commutation on Obesity. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
14. Mei-Ying C, Shu-Chuan J, Mei-Chi C, et al (2013). Associations Between Tai Chi Chung Program, Anxiety, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors. American Journal of Health Promotion: 28;1.
15. Neela KP, Ann H N, Robert L F, et al (2012). The Effects of Yoga on Physical Functioning and Health Related Quality of Life in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The Journal of Alternative and
16. Complementary Medicine: 18(10); 902–917.
17. Nagarathna R, Nagendra HR (2004). Combined approach of yoga therapy
18. for positive health. 2nd edition. Bangalore: Swami Vivekananda yoga Prakashana.
19. Roest AM, Martens EJ, de Jonge P, et al.( 2010). Anxiety and risk of incident coronary heart, disease: a meta-analysis. Im Coll Cardiol; 56(l):38-46.
20. Shinde N, Shinde KJ, Khatri SM, et al (2013). A Comparative Study of Yoga and Aerobic Exercises in Obesity and its Effect on Pulmonary Function. J Diabetes Metab: doi: 10.4172/2155-6156.1000257.
21. Steven CM, Chun-Chung C, Hsin-Fu L, et al (2013). Arterial Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Responses to Yoga Practice. Alternative Therapies:19 (1): 38-39
22. Parati G, Izzo JL Jr, Gavish B (2003). Respiration and blood pressure, in Izzo JL, Black HR (eds): Hypertension Primer, Third Edition. Baltimore, Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins. 40:117–120.
23. Ray US, Mukhopadhyaya S, Purkayastha SS, Asnani V, Tomer OS, Prashad R, Thakur L, Selvamurthy W (2001). Effect of yogic exercises on physical and mental health of young fellowship course trainees. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol; 45:37–53.
24. Sivasankaran S, Pollard-Quintner S, Sachdeva R, Pugeda J, Hoq SM, and Zarich SW (2006). The effect of a six-week program of yoga and meditation on brachial artery reactivity: do psychosocial interventions affect vascular tone? Clinical Cardiology; 29:393–398.
25. Telles S, Gaur V, Balkrishna A (2009). Effect of a yoga practice session and a yoga theory session on state anxiety. Percept Mot Skills, 109(3): 924–930.
26. Yadav RK, Ray RB, Vempati R, Bijlani RL (2005). Effect of a comprehensive yoga-based lifestyle modification program on lipid peroxidation. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology; 49:358–362.
27. Viskoper R, Shapira I, Priluck R, et al (2003). Nonpharmacologic treatment of resistant hypertensives by device-guided slow breathing exercises. AJH; 16:484–487