THE CONCEPTS OF MARJA-I TAQLID-WILAYAT-I FAQIH and PERSPECTIVES OF MARJA-I TAQLID to WILAYET-I FAQIH in IRAQ SHIA
Öz
In the Shia, social position of Shiite cleric on behalf of Imam, advanced gradually and it
expanded to cover the majority of his authority. But this did not have systematic until the
middle 19th cntury. In the 19th, instution of marja-i taqlid was systematized and it was
thought that Shia cleric ,except precidency, should assume the duties and responsibilities
under the authority of the Imam and all members of the Shia should be follower of one of the
cleric.
Up to 1970’s marja-i taqlids thought about political theory and devoloped a theory on the
ideal form of governmend fort he Shiite despite of Imam’s occultation. But in the period of
Imam’s occultation they did not suggest that Imam’s presidential authorty should be assumed
by Shia cleric. In the 1970’s Khomeini suggested that Shiite cleric should assume the Imam’s
presidential authorty. In the 1979 Iranian Islamic Revolution took place and Kkomeini has
implemented the theory of vilayet-i faqih. From this date, institution of marja-ı taqlid and
concept of vilayet-i faqih began to pose contradictions. Majority of the marja-ı taqlids
opposed the theory of theory of vilayet-i faqih and they stated that there is no such
presidential authorty on behalf of the Imam. Muhsin al- Hakim, was the most important
religious authority in Nacaf in this period, opposed to the views of Khomeini. However, after
the 1979 revolution the most important and powerful opposition to vilayet-i faqih shown by
Abul Qasim Khui in Iraq.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Âl Mahbûba, C. B. (1986). Mâdî en-Necef ve Hâdıruhâ, Beyrut.
- Algar, H. (1969). Religion and State in Iran 1785-1906, The Role of the Ulema in the Qajar Period, Los Angeles: University of California Press.
- Amanat, A. (1988). “In Between the Madrasa and the Marketplace: The Designation of Clerical Leadership in Modern Shi’ism”, Authority And Political Culture in Shi’ism, edt. Arjomand, Said Amir, New York: State University of New York Press.
- Bulut, H. İ. (2013). Şia’da Usulîliğin Doğuşu ve Şeyh Müfid, Ankara: Araştırma Yayınları.
- Cole, J. R.I. (2006). The Ayatollahs and Democracy in Iraq, Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
- Ebu’l-Kasım el Hûî, S. (1410). Minhâcü’s-Sâlihîn, Kum.
- Yezdî, M. K. T. (1424). el-‘Urvetü’l-Vüskâ, Kum: Mektebu Âyetullah el-Uzmâ es-Seyyid es-Sîstânî.
- Khalaji, M. (2006). Last Marja, Sistani and End of the Traditional Religious Authority in Shiism, Washington: Washington Institute for Near East Policy.
Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
İngilizce
Konular
-
Bölüm
-
Yazarlar
Yayımlanma Tarihi
31 Temmuz 2015
Gönderilme Tarihi
31 Temmuz 2015
Kabul Tarihi
-
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 2015 Cilt: 3 Sayı: Special Issue 3