The Relationship Between Youth Perception of Social Support in Physical Activities and Leisure Time Management Attitude

Öz

Participation in social and physical activities contributes to the social, physical and psychological development of youth. With the increasing importance of participation in physical activity in the fight against obesity, social support to direct youth to physical and social activities and the existence of programmes covering such activities gain importance. Social support for youth to participate in physical activities is related to their leisure time management planning. The main aim of the research is to identify the relationships between youth perceptions of social support for participation in physical activity and their leisure use and attitudes towards it. The study used a relational screening model. The questionnaire form designed to measure the perception of social support in physical activities and leisure time management attitude was applied face-to-face to high school graduated youth (n=1012). In the demographic data of the research, the findings that 92.2% of the participants are overweight, 71.1% (n=720) do not exercise regularly, 70.6% do not have membership to clubs, etc. that organize music, art or sports activities, and although they know that various activities are held in the living space (n=542, 53.6%), they are not aware of the activities (n=591, 58.4%) come to the fore. According to the results of the study, it was found that there was a positive relationship between peers and parents in the perception of social support. It was also found that perceptions of social support from parents and peers positively predicted leisure time management attitudes at a weak level. It is suggested that practices and activities to support the physical activity of youth should be increased and institutional solutions should be produced within the Ministry of Youth and Sports.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Leisure Time
• Leisure Time Management
• Physical Activity
• Social Support
• Youth

Kaynakça

1. Abay-Alyüz, S. B. (2020). The importance of social support in individual life and social service. Talim, 4 (1), 115-134. https://doi.org/10.37344/talim.2020.4
2. Akgül, B. M., & Karaküçük, S. (2015) Leisure time management scale: Validity-reliability study. International Journal of Human Sciences, 12(2), 1867-1880. https://doi.org/10.14687/ijhs.v12i2.3445
3. Akyol, C., & Akkaşoğlu, S. (2020). A study on barriers to youth participation in recreational activities in their spare time. Journal of Tourism & Gastronomy Studies, 8(3), 2072-2089. https://doi.org/10.21325/jotags.2020.649
4. Alemdağ, S. (2022). Current Research in Sports. In M. Ilkım (Ed.), The relationship between university students' participation in physical activity and social media (134-144). Gece Publishing.
5. Alper, Y., Pündük, Z., Akçakoyun, F., & Göktaş, Z. (2017). Examination of nutrition and physical activity habits of Balıkesir science high school students. Sportive View: Journal of Sports and Educational Sciences, 4(2), 101-110.
6. Arat, T. & Çalımlı, Y. (2017). University students' preferences for spending their free time: The example of Selçuk University faculty of tourism. Çatalhöyük International Journal of Tourism and Social Research, (2), 109-128. Aydoğan, İ., & Gündoğdu, F.B. (2006). Activities for female faculty members to spend their free time. Journal of the Institute of Social Sciences, 2, 217-232.
7. Ayhan, D. E., Günaydın, E., Gönlüaçık, E., Arslan, U., Çetinkaya, F., Asımı, H., & Uncu, Y. (2012). Nutritional habits of Uludağ University faculty of medicine students and factors affecting them. Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine Journal, 38 (2), 97-104.
8. Azevedo Junior, M. R. D., Araújo, C. L. P., & Pereira, F. M. (2006). Physical and sporting activities in adolescence: changes in preferences over the last decades. Brazilian Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 20(1), 51-58.

9. Baltacı, Y., & Uysal, A. T. (2012). Course material as a political socialization tool in Turkey: A study on primary school social studies course. Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Journal, 17 (3), 177-194.
10. Birol, S.S., Aydin, E., & Karaaçık, S. (2018). Opinions and suggestions of youth services and sports provincial directorate employees regarding the determination of sports recreation facilities and services offered to the public in city centers. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 23 (4), 251-267.
11. Carbone, S., Del Buono, M. G., Ozemek, C., & Lavie, C. J. (2019). Obesity, risk of diabetes and role of physical activity, exercise training and cardiorespiratory fitness. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 62(4), 327-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2019.08.004
12. Caspersen, C. J., Powell, K. E., & Christenson, G. M. (1985). Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: Definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Reports, 100(2), 126–131.
13. Cohen, S., Underwood, L. G., & Gottlieb, B. H. (Eds.). (2000). Social support measurement and intervention: A guide for health and social scientists. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780195126709.001.0001
14. Çömlekçi, M. F., & Başol, O. (2019). Examining the relationship between young people's social media usage areas and social media. Manisa Celal Bayar University Journal of Social Sciences, 17(4), 173-188.
15. Demir, G., & Alpullu, A. (2020). Evaluation of university students' leisure time management. Eurasian Research in Sport Science, 5(1), 94-102. https://doi.org/10.35333/eriss.2020.172
16. Diewald M., & Sattler S. (2010). Social support networks Stegbauer C. and Haeussling R. (eds.) In: Handbook Network Research 689-699. 12(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-92575-2_61
17. Döş, İ., & Kır, E. (2013). Social activity at the primary and secondary schools and its management. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 12 (3), 527-544.
18. Drogomyretska, K., Fox, R., & Colbert, D. (2020). Brief report: stress and perceived social support in parents of children with ASD. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 50, 4176-4182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04455-x
19. Farias Júnior, J. C. D., Mendonça, G., Florindo, A. A., & Barros, M. V. G. D. (2014). Reliability and validity of a physical activity social support assessment scale in adolescents ASAFA scale. Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia, 17, 355-370. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4503201400020006ENG
20. Fraenkel, J. R., & Wallen, N. E. (2006). How to design and evaluate research in education (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill Publishing.
21. Halis, M., & Demirel, Y. (2016). The effect of social support on organizational isolation. Kastamonu University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Journal, 11 (1), 318-335.
22. Kahriman, İ., & Yeşilçiçek, K. (2007). Examining the social support levels perceived by Karadeniz Technical University Trabzon health school students from their family and friends in terms of some variables. Anatolian Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences, 10(1), 10-21.
23. Kaner, S., Büyüköztürk, Ş., & İşeri, E. (2013). Conners teacher rating scale-revised brief: Turkey adaptation study. Education and Science 38(167). https://doi.org/10.4274/npa.y6219
24. Karasar, N. (2016). Scientific research method. Nobel Academic Publishing.
25. Karatekin, C., & Ahluwalia, R. (2020). Effects of adverse childhood experiences, stress, and social support on the health of college students. Journal of interpersonal violence, 35(1-2), 150-172. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260516681880
26. Kılbaş, Ş. (2010). Recreation and free time evaluation (4th ed.). Gazi Bookstore.
27. Kong, F., Zhao J., & You X. (2013). Self-esteem as mediator and moderator of the relationship between social support and subjective well-being among Chinese University students. Social Indicators Research, 112(1), 151-61.
28. Koruç, Z., & Bayar, P. (2004). The place and effects of exercise in the treatment of depression. Journal of Sports Sciences, 15 (1), 49-64.
29. Küçükibiş, H. F., & Eskiler, E. (2019). Social support scale in physical activities: Adaptation to Turkish, validity and reliability study. Cumhuriyet University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 20(2), 117-127.
30. Okumuş, E. (2005). Leisure and Islam. Journal of Social Sciences Research, 5, 23-43.
31. Özakar-Akça, S., Selen, F. (2015). The effect of university components' speed skips and daily physical activities on body mass index (BMI). TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 14(5), 394-400.
32. Özşaker, M. (2012). An investigation on the reasons why young people cannot participate in free time activities. Selçuk University Journal of Physical Education and Sports Science, 14(1), 126-131.
33. Schrag, K., & Strattman, K. (2009). Free-time literacy activities. In Proceedings of the 5th Annual GRASP Symposium, Communication Sciences and Disorders. College of Health Professions, Wichita State University, 156-157.
34. Tabachnick, B.G., Fidell, L.S., & Ullman, J.B. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (Vol. 6), 497-516. MA: Pearson.
35. Tabuk, M. E., & Özkatar Kaya, E. (2024). Holistic Analysis of Recreation and Leisure Science in Sports. Eurasia Journal of Sport Sciences and Education, 6(1), 13-27. https://doi.org/10.47778/ejsse.1364211
36. Tomás, J. M., Pinazo-Hernandis, S., Oliver, A., Donio-Bellegarde, M., & Tomás-Aguirre, F. (2019). Loneliness and social support: Differential predictive power on depression and satisfaction in senior citizens. Journal of Community Psychology, 47(5), 1225-1234. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22184
37. Topaçoğlu, O., & Kılavuz, M. E. S. (2022). Metaverse review in terms of recreation and socialization. Journal of Recreation and Tourism Research, 9(3), 18-37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7129830
38. Traş, Z., & Arslan, E. (2013). Examining social competence in adolescents in terms of perceived social support. Primary Education Online Journal, 12(4), 1133-1140.
39. Wang, W.C., Kao C.H., Huan, T. C., & Wu, C.C. (2011). Free time management contributes to better quality of life: A study of undergraduate students in Taiwan. Journal of Happiness Studies, 12(4):561-573. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-010-9217-7
40. Yang, L., Tsai, Y. L., Yang, P. L., Lu, C. C., Liaw, J. J., & Lan, H. Y. (2023). Path analysis of the effects of life stress and social support on rural adolescents' quality of life in Taiwan: Family hardiness as a mediator. Journal of Medical Sciences, 43(2), 67. https://doi.org/10.4103/jmedsci.jmedsci_7_22
41. Yazıcıoğlu, Y., & Erdoğan, S. (2004). SPSS applied scientific research methods. Detay Publishing.
42. Yıldırım, M., & Bayrak, C. (2019). The effect of university students' participation in sports-based physical activities and their quality of life on academic success and socialization (Eskişehir Osmangazi Hacettepe University example), Hacettepe University Faculty of Education Journal, 34(1). 123–144. https://doi.org/10.16986/HUJE.2017032928
43. Yıldız, A., Tarakcı, D., & Mutluay, F. K. (2015). The relationship between physical activity level and body composition in young adults: Pilot study. Journal of Health Sciences and Professions, 2(3), 297-305. https://doi.org/10.17681/hsp.15450
44. Zimmermann-Sloutskis, D., Wanner, M., Zimmermann, E., & Martin, B. W. (2010). Physical activity levels and determinants of change in young adults: A longitudinal panel study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 7(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-7-2