Can a 5 Week Strength Training Program Produce Range of Motion Adaptations in Amateur Female Tennis Players?

Öz

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess range of motion adaptations in amateur tennis players based on the effects of a five week strength training program on the dominant and non-dominant arm. Subjects: An experimental and control group of six collegiate women tennis players (Div II and NAIA) participated. After initial assessment, six subjects participated in a five week, four times a week, pre-season strength training program consisting of five exercises: External Rotation 90°, Seated Row, Scaption, Chest Press, and External Shoulder Rotation (Rubber tubing). Results:  Data analysis through a paired t-test showed that there were no significant changes in ROM in the experimental group when compared to the control group. In conclusion, a strength training program is highly recommended for female overhead athletes combined with a proper flexibility regimen to promote best practice.

Kaynakça

1. Chandler, J. (1995). Exercise training for tennis. Clin Sports Med, 14(1), 33- 46.
2. Chandler, T. J., Kibler, W. B., Stracener, E. C., Ziegler, A. K., & Pace, B. (1992). Shoulder strength, power, and endurance in college tennis players. Am J Sports Med, 20(4), 455-8.
3. Chandler, T. J., Kibler, W. B., Uhl, T. L., Wooten, B., Kiser, A., & Stone, E. (1990). Flexibility comparisons of junior elite tennis players to other athletes. Am J Sports Med, 18(2), 134-6.
4. Codine, P., Bernard, P. L., Pocholle, M., Benaim, C., & Brun, V. (1997). Influence of sports discipline on shoulder rotator cuff balance. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 29(11), 1400-5.
5. Cohen, D. B., Mont, M. A., Campbell, K. R., Vogelstein, B. N., & Loewy, J. W. (1994). Upper extremity physical factors affecting tennis serve velocity. Am J Sports Med, 22(6), 746-50.
6. Durall, C. J., Manske, R. C., & Davies, G. J. (2001). Avoiding shoulder injury from resistance training. Strength Cond J, 23(5), 10-18.
7. Dvir, Z. (1995). Isokinetics: Muscle Testing, Interpretation and Clinical Applications. Churchill Livingstone: Edinburgh, England
8. Ellenbecker, T. S., Davies, G. J., & Rowinski, M. J. (1988). Concentric versus eccentric isokinetic strengthening of the rotator cuff. Am J Sports Med, 16(1), 64-9.

9. Ellenbecker, T. S., & Roetert, E. P. (1999). Testing isokinetic muscular fatigue of shoulder internal and external rotation in elite junior tennis players. J Ortho Sports Phys Ther, 29(5), 275-81.
10. Ellenbecker, T. S., & Roetert, E. P. (2002). Effects of a 4-month season on glenohumeral joint rotational strength and range of motion in female collegiate tennis players. J Strength Cond Res, 6(1), 92-6.
11. Ellenbecker, T. S., & Roetert, E. P. (2003). Age specific isokinetic glenohumeral internal and external rotation strength in elite junior tennis players. J Sci Med Sport, 6(1), 63-70.
12. Fernandez-Fernandez, J., Ellenbecker, T., Sanz-Rivas, D., Ulbricht, A., Ferrauti, A. (2013). Effects of a 6-week junior tennis conditioning program on service velocity. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 12, 232-239.
13. Fernandez-Fernandez, J., Sanz-Rivas, D., Mendez-Villanueva, A. (2009). A review of the activity profile and physiological demands of tennis match play. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 31(4), 15-26.
14. Gay, L. R., & Arasian, P. (2003). Educational Research—Competence forAnalysis and Applications, 7th edition. Pearson Education Ltd.: New Jersey.
15. Harris, M., Williams, C., Stanish, W. D., & Micheli, L. J. (1994). Oxford Textbook of Sports Medicine. Oxford University Press: Oxford, England.
16. Kibler, W. B. (1995). Biomechanical analysis of the shoulder during tennis activities. Clin Sports Med, 14(1), 79-84.
17. Kibler, W. B. (1998). The role of scapula in athletic shoulder function. Am J Sports Med, 26(2), 325-37.
18. Kibler, W. B., & Chandler, T. J. (1994). Sport-specific conditioning. Am J Sports Med, 22(3), 424-32.
19. Kibler, W. B., & Chandler, T. J. (2003). Range of motion in junior tennis players participating in an injury risk modification program. J Sci Med Sport, 6(1), 51-62.
20. Kibler, W. B., Chandler, T. J., Livingston, B. P., & Roetert, E. P. (1996). Shoulder range of motion in elite tennis players: Effect of age and years of tournament play. Am J Sports Med, 24(3), 279-85.
21. Knapik, J. J., Bauman, C. L., Jones, B. H., Harris, J., & Vaughan, L. (1991). Preseason strength and flexibility imbalances associated with athletic injuries in female collegiate athletes. American Journal of Sports Medicine,19(1), 76-81.
22. Kraemer, W. J., Triplett, N. T., Fry, A. C., Koziris, L. P., Bauer, J. E., & Lynch, J. M. (1995). An in-depth sports medicine profile of women college players. J Sport Reh, 4, 79-98.
23. Kühne, C. A., Zetti, R. P., & Nast-Kolb, D. (2004). Verletzungs- und Beschwerdehäufigkeit im Tennisleistungs- und Breitensport. [Tennis injuries—pattern and incidence in competitive and leisure tennis sports]. Sportverletz Sportschaden, 18, 85-89.
24. Marcondes, F.B., deJesus, J.F., Bryk, F.F., de Vasconcelos, R.A, Fukuda, T.Y. (2013). Posterior shoulder tightness and rotator cuff strength assessments in painful shoulders of amateur tennis players. 17(2), 185-194.
25. McCarrick, M. J., & Kemp, J. G. (2000). The effect of strength training and reduced training on rotator cuff musculature. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 15 Suppl 1:S42-5.
26. Moncrief, S. A., Lau, J. D., Gale, J. R., & Scott, S. A. (2002). Effect of rotator cuff exercise on humeral rotation torque in healthy individuals. J Strength Cond Res, 16(2), 262-70.
27. Mont, M. A., Cohen, D. B., Campbell, K. R., Gravare, K., & Mathur, S. K. (1994). Isokinetic concentric versus eccentric training of shoulder rotators with functional evaluation of performance enhancement in elite tennis players. Am J Sports Med, 22(4), 513-7.
28. Moreno-Perez, V., Moreside J., Barbado, D., Vera-Garcia, F.J. (2015). Comparison of shoulder rotation range of motion in professional tennis players with and without history of shoulder pain. Manual Therapy, 20, 313-318.
29. Patel, D. R., Stier, B., & Luckstead, E.F. (2002). Major international sport profiles. Pediatr. Clin.North Am., 49(4), 769-92.
30. Regan, D. (1996). The role of scapular stabilization in overhead motion. Strength Cond J, 18(1), 33-7.
31. Richardson, A. B. (1983). Overuse syndrome in baseball, tennis, gymnastics, and swimming. Clin Sports Med, 2(2), 379-90.
32. Roetert, E. P., & Ellenbecker, T.S. (1998). Complete conditioning for tennis.Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
33. Roetert, E. P., Ellenbecker, T. S., Chu, D. A., & Bugg, B. S. (1997). Tennis-specific shoulder and trunk strength training. Strength Cond J, 19(3), 31-43.
34. Roetert, E. P., Kovacs, M., Knudson, D., Groppel, J. L. (2009). Biomechanics of the tennis groundstrokes: Implications of strength training. Strength Cond J, 31(4), 41-49.
35. Sallis, R. E., Jones, K., Sunshine, S., Smith, G., & Simon, L. (2001). Comparing sports injuries in men and women. Int J Sports Med, 22, 420-23.
36. Silliman, J. F., & Hawkins, R. J. (1991). Current concepts and recent advances in the athlete’s shoulder. Clin Sports Med, 10(4), 693-705.
37. Sprigings, E., Marshall, R., Elliott, B., & Jennings, L. (1994). A three-dimensional kinematic method for determining the effectiveness of arm segment rotations in producing racquet-head speed. J Biomech, 27, 245-54.
38. Stanley, A., McGann, R., Hall, J., McKenna, L., & Briffa, N. K. (2004). Shoulder strength and range of motion in female amateur-league tennis players. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 34(7), 402-09.
39. Treiber, F. A., Lott, J., Duncan, J., Slavens, G., & Harris, D. (1998). Effects of theraband and lightweight dumbbell training on shoulder rotation torque and serve performance in college tennis players. Am J Sports Med, 26(4), 510-15.
40. Tyson, A. (1995). Prevention and rehabilitation of shoulder impingement. Strength Cond J, 17(1), 31-4.
41. Wang, H.-K., & Cochrane, T. (2001). Mobility impairment, muscle imbalance, muscle weakness, scapular asymmetry and shoulder injury in elite volleyball athletes. J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 41(3), 403-10.
42. Winge, S., Jørgensen, U., & Lassen Nielsen, A. (1989). Epidemiology of injuries in danish championship tennis. Int J Sports Med, 10, 368-71.
43. Zusa, A., Lanka, J., Cupriks, L. (2012). Glenohumeral joint muscles strength of the young tennis players. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 7, S8-S16.