Self-efficacy among Football Players between 16-19 Years

Öz

The purpose of this study was to know the level of self-efficacy and to investigate selfefficacy of football players in different playing positions. The sample consisted of male amateur football players (N =61) between the age 16 and 19 years. General self-efficacy scale-schwarzer (GSES) was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics and kruskal-wallis test were applied in order to evaluate data. The results indicated that there was high self-efficacy among football players. No statistically significant difference found in football players’ selfefficacies according to their playing positions. Future qualitative researches which would cover tests including multi-variables on self- efficacy and other psychological characteristics should be performed in order to reach more detailed and concrete information. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Self-efficacy,Bandura’s theory,football players.

Kaynakça

1. Andrew M, Grobbelaar H, Potgieter J (2007). Positional differences in sport psychological skills and attributes of rugby union players. African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, Supplement (September): 321-334.
2. Bandura A (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioural change. Psychological review, 84(2), 191-215.
3. Bandura A (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control, New York: WH Freeman and Company.
4. Cetinkalp ZK, Turksoy A (2011). Goal orientation and self-efficacy as predictors of male adolescent soccer players' motivation to participate. Social Behaviour and Personality: an international journal, 39(7), 925-934.
5. Decamps G (2012). Sport psychology and performance (1st Ed). Brussels: Boeck Group S.A.
6. Eloff M, Monyeki M, Grobbelaar H (2011). Mental skill levels of South African male student field hockey players in different playing positions. African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 17(4): 636-646.
7. Feltz DL (1988). Self-confidence and sports performance. In K. B. Pandolf (Ed.) Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, (pp. 423-457). New York: MacMillan.
8. Fonseca AM, Brito AP (2005).the issue of the cross-cultural adjustment of instrument for psychology evaluation in national sport contexts -the case of the task and ego orientation in sport questionnaire (TEOSQ).psychologia,39, 95-118.(in Portuguese).

9. Hassen NM, Hamza AH (2007) .self-efficacy among collective sports players’ .16th scientific conferences Hassen N.M. and Hamza A.H. (2007) .self-efficacy among collective sports players’ .16th scientific conferences of the faculties and departments physical education and sports Babylon University,Iraq.
10. Helper TJ, Chase MA (2008).relationship between decision –making self-efficacy, task selfefficacy and intercollegiateathletes, 7, 17-72.
11. Jerusalem M, Schwarzer R (1992). Self-efficacy a resource factor in stress appraisal processes. In R. Schwarzer (Ed.), self-efficacy: thought control of action (pp.195-213). Washington, DC: Hemisphere.
12. Jooste J, Steyn BJM, Van den Berg L (2014). Psychological skills, playing positions and performance of African youth soccer teams. South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation, 36(1), 85-100.
13. Kirkcaldy BD (1982). Personality and sex differences related to positions in team sports. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 13: 141-153.
14. Koryagina JV, Blinov VA (2013). Psychophysiological characteristics of football players of various playing positions. Defenders, 427(33).
15. Kurt C, Çatikkas F, Őmürlü İK, Atalay O (2012). Comparison of Loneliness, Trait AngerAnger Expression Style, Self-esteem Attributes with Different Playing Position in Soccer. Journal of Physical Education & Sport, 12(1).39- 43. DOI:10.7752/jpes.2012.01007 .
16. McAuley E (1992). Self-referent thought in sport and physical activity. In T. S. Horn (ed.), Advances in Sport Psychology, (pp. 101-118). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics,
17. McAuley E, Mihalko SL (1998). Measuring exercise-related self-efficacy. In J. L. Duda (Ed.), Advancements in sport and exercise psychology measurement (pp. 371-390). Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology.
18. Moritz SE, Feltz DL, Fahrbach KR, Mack DE (2000). The relation of self-efficacy measures to sport performance: A meta-analytic review. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 71(3), 280-294.
19. Munroe-Chandler K, Hall C, Fishburne G (2008). Playing with confidence: The relationship between imagery use and self-confidence and self-efficacy in youth soccer players. Journal of sports sciences, 26(14), 1539-1546.
20. Murphy SH (2005).The sport psych handbook. Champaign, IL:Human kinetics.
21. Nicholls JG (1989). The competitive ethos and democratic education: Harvard University Press.
22. Nunes R, Schwarzer R, Jerusalem M (1999). General self-efficacy (Portuguese version). http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~health/auto.htm .
23. O'Leary A (1985). Self-efficacy and health. Behavior Therapy and Research, 23, 437-452. Shelangoski lB, Weber Dj (2014) .Self-efficacy intercollegiate athletes’. Journal of issues in the performance of sport skill. Journal of sport sciences, 26(6), 603-610.
24. Tod D (2014). Sport psychology,the basics, London: Routledge.