The Effects of Cherry Juice Supplementation on Antioxidant Capacity, Hydrogen Peroxide and Creatine Kinase Following an Exhaustive Aerobic Exercise in Non-Athlete Men

Öz

Introduction: Oxidative stress is a condition in which the reactive oxygen species production exceeds the antioxidant system capacity to neutralize these peroxidases. In these situations, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are damaged. In this regard, the cherry can be noted as a food antioxidant which leads an increasing antioxidant capacity and reducing inflammation and damage muscle. Therefore, The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cherry juice supplementation on total antioxidant capacity (TAC), creatine kinase (CK), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in non-athlete men after an exhaustive aerobic exercise. Method: In this quasi-experimental research, ten untrained (UT) men were randomly selected. Then, they were divided into two equal groups: supplement group (cherry juice) and placebo group (commercial Cherry juice diluted with natural water). After eight days of supplementation period, all subjects were participated in aerobic exercise protocol (Bruce test run to the point of exhaustion) on the treadmill. Primary blood samples in the baseline were taken. The second was immediately after the Bruce test, third and fourth were six and twenty-four hours later were taken (5 ml). For analysis of the results. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used at the significant level. Result: A significant effect of short-term cherry juice supplementation on TAC, H₂O_2, and CK was observed (p≤0.05). Conclusions: In general, it can be concluded that probably eight days of cherry juice supplementation probably cannot prevent the adverse effects of oxidative stress caused by acute aerobic exercise.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cherry juice supplementation,Antioxidants,Oxidative stress,Exhaustive exercise

Kaynakça

1. Baradaran B, Tartibian B, Baghaiee B, Monfaredan A (2012). correlation between superoxide dismutase 1 gene expression with lactate dehydrogenase enzyme and free radicals in female athletes: effects of incremental intensity exercises. Tehran University Medical Journal, 70(4): 212-219.
2. Barrett D, Somogyi L, Ramaswamy H (2005). Fruits Processing. 2nd ed. CRCPress, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.
3. Bell P, McHugh M, Stevenson E, Howatson G (2014). The role of cherries in exercise and health. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 24(3): 477-490.
4. Bell PG, Walshe IH, Davison GW, Stevenson E, Howatson G (2014). Montmorency cherries reduce the oxidative stress and inflammatory responses to repeated days high-intensity stochastic cycling. Nutrients, 6(2): 829-43.
5. Bitsch R, Netzel M, Frank T, Strass G, Bitsch I (2004). Bioavailability and biokinetics of anthocyanins from red grape juice and red wine. BioMed Research International, (5): 293-8.
6. Bloomer RJ, Cole BJ (2014). Relationship between blood lactate and oxidative stress biomarkers following acute exercise, 3(1): 44-8. (Traustadóttir et al., 2009) Brenner I, Natale V, Vasiliou P, Moldoveanu A, Shek P, Shephard R (1999). Impact of three different types of exercise on components of the inflammatory response. European journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology,80(5): 452-460.
7. Charron CS, Kurilich AC, Clevidence BA, Simon PW, Harrison DJ, Britz SJ, et al (2009). Bioavailability of anthocyanins from purple carrot juice: effects of acylation and plant matrix. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57(4): 1226-1230.
8. Córdova A, Sureda A, Tur JA, Pons A (2010). Immune response to exercise in elite sportsmen during the competitive season. J Physiol Biochem , 66(1): 1-6.

9. Dimitriou L, Hill JA, Jehnali A, Dunbar J, Brouner J, McHugh MP, et al (2015) Influence of a montmorency cherry juice blend on indices of exercise-induced stress and upper respiratory tract symptoms following marathon running—a pilot investigation. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition,12(1): 1-7.
10. Edge J, Bishop D, Goodman C. (2006). The effects of training intensity on muscle buffer capacity in females. Eur J Appl Physiol, 96: 97–105.
11. Felgines C, Talavéra S, Gonthier M-P, Texier O, Scalbert A, Lamaison J-L, et al (2003). Strawberry anthocyanins are recovered in urine as glucuro-and sulfoconjugates in humans. The Journal of Nutrition, 133(5): 1296.
12. Groussard C, Rannou-Bekono F, Machefer G, Chevanne M, Vincent S, Sergent O, et al (2003). Changes in blood lipid peroxidation markers and antioxidants after a single sprint anaerobic exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol, 89(1): 14-20.
13. Hamedi Nia M. (2002). The Effect of Aerobic Training, vitamin E and exhaustive exercise on oxidative stress in student-athlete. Ph.D. Thesis. Tarbiat Moallem University of Tehran.
14. Helgerud J, Høydal K, Wang E. (2006). Aerobic High-Intensity Intervals Improve Vo2max More Than Moderate Training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 39(4): 665-671.
15. Hindell P, Poole K, Robinson E, Reynolds L, Mason H (2001). Induction of DNA damage by a step-test exercise protocol. Biochemical Society Transactions, 29(5): A115-A.
16. Howatson G, McHugh M, Hill J, Brouner J, Jewell A, Van Someren KA, et al (2010). Influence of tart cherry juice on indices of recovery following marathon running. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 20(6): 843-52.
17. Jordan SL (2007). The effects of green tea extract supplementation on delayed onset muscle soreness and oxidative stress: Texas Tech University.
18. Kong JM, Chia LS, Goh NK, Chia TF, Brouillard R (2003). Analysis and biological activities of anthocyanins. Phytochemistry, 64: 923–933. [PubMed: 14561507]
19. Kurilich AC, Clevidence BA, Britz SJ, Simon PW, Novotny JA (2005). Plasma and urine responses are lower for acylated vs nonacylated anthocyanins from raw and cooked purple carrots. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,53(16): 6537-6542.
20. Martinez A (2009). Donator acceptor map of psittacofulvins and anthocyanins: are they good antioxidant substances? The Journal of Physical Chemistry B,113(14): 4915-21.
21. Meagher E, Rader DJ (2001) Antioxidant therapy and atherosclerosis: animal and human studies. Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine, 11(3): 162-165.
22. Nieman DC, Dumke CL, Henson DA, McAnulty SR, Gross SJ, Lind RH (2005). Muscle damage is linked to cytokine changes following a 160-km race. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 19(5): 398-403.
23. Sacheck JM, Milbury PE, Cannon JG, Roubenoff R, Blumberg JB. Effect of vitamin E and eccentric exercise on selected biomarkers of oxidative stress in young and elderly men (2003). Free Radical Biology Medicine, 34(12): 1575-88.
24. Sarma AD, Sharma R (1999). Anthocyanin-DNA copigmentation complex: mutual protection against oxidative damage. Phytochemistry, 52(7): 1313-8.
25. Shadmanfard A, Nemati A, Naghizadeh B, Mazani M (2012). The effect of pomegranate juice supplementation on oxidative stress following exhaustive exercise in young healthy males. J Iran Chem Soc, 9 (1): 24-26.15.
26. Shih P-H, Yeh C-T, Yen G-C (2007). Anthocyanins induce the activation of phase II enzymes through the antioxidant response element pathway against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55(23): 9427-35.
27. Su QS, Tian Y, Zhang JG, Zhang H (2008). Effects of allicin supplementation on plasma markers of exercise-induced muscle damage, IL-6 and antioxidant capacity. Eur J Appl Physiol, 103: 275–283.
28. Scott P. K and Jackson Malcolm J. (2008). Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress: Cellular Mechanisms and Impact on Muscle Force Production. Physiol Rev 88: 1243–1276.
29. Tokmakidis SP, Kokkinidis EA, Smilios I, Douda H (2003). The effects of ibuprofen on delayed muscle soreness and muscular performance after eccentric exercise. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,17(1): 53-59.
30. Tartibian B, Azizbeigi K (2008). The effect of naproxen on the enzyme creation kinase levels and changes perceived pain intensity after eccentric exercise. Harkat journal, 37: 77-93.
31. Traustadóttir T, Davies SS, Stock AA, Su Y, Heward CB, Roberts LJ, et al (2009). Tart cherry juice decreases oxidative stress in healthy older men and women. The Journal of Nutrition, 139(10): 1896-1900.
32. Walsh B, Tonkonogi M, Malm C, Ekblom B, Sahlin K (2001). Effect of eccentric exercise on muscle oxidative metabolism in humans. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(3): 436-441.
33. Williams JK, Kubelik AR, Livak KJ, Rafalski JA, Tingey SV (1990). DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucleic Acid Research, 18, 7213-7218.