Prevention of Negative Effects of Nervous and Psychic Stress on the Driver’s Cardio-Respiratory System

Öz

Nervous and psychic stresses on the drivers’ body as a result of intense analytical and synthesizing mental activity cause corresponding physiological responses and require a high level of functional preparedness. Investigating the frequency of cardiac contractions in the drivers - representatives of motor sport – during races show that its average (160-180 contraction/min.) and maximum (200-220 contraction/min.) values significantly exceed those calculated by oxygen consumption per minute, which indicates a high psychological pressure of a such kind of professional activity. One of the main causes of accidents is drivers’ fatigue, which leads to a decrease in concentration of attention; therefore, the proper level of their functional readiness for nervous and psychic occupational stress can significantly increase the level of active traffic safety. The results of complex studies show that many years of professional activity of drivers leads to a significant decrease in a number of their motor function indices, which requires constant physical training aimed at the prevention of injuries and drivers’ functional capabilities. The endurance necessary for drivers is recommended to be developed by non-stop and uniform running or jogging without rest, skiing, swimming, cycling or rowing for at least 30 minutes. However, considering the constant vertical overload on the drivers’ spinal column, running along a hard track and riding a bike through rugged country are worth limiting in favor of swimming which combines the functional load on the cardio respiratory system and an even moderate load on all muscle groups with unloading and restoration of the spinal column.

To increase the level of the drivers’ physical fitness, to prevent overweight and to treat obesity, we recommend a complex of simple exercises consisting of walking with the knees pressed to the chest, the torso of the trunk forward, touching the toes from the initial position standing legs apart, hands on hips, lifting of the trunk with bending forward from the initial position lying on the back and bending and unbending the arms lying down. Each exercise should be performed at a maximum pace for 30 seconds with a further 30-second rest. The daily performance of this complex significantly improves the functionality of the cardiovascular system. This complex is convenient to do during morning gymnastics, in terms of lack of time or in terms of limited opportunity for special physical training.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• nervous and psychic stress,a driver,cardio-respiratory system,negative influence,prevention

Kaynakça

1. Bus drivers: Occupational stress and stress prevention. (1996). Retrieved from http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/condtrav/pdf/wc-mk-96.pdf
2. Burlayev Yu V (2010). Bezopasnost zhyznedeyatelnosti na transporte.[Transport Safety] Moscow: Academiya
3. Gradusov VA, Marchenkov МК (2005). Systema otsenki specialnoy podgotovki sportsmenov avtogonshchikov, pilotov formuly „К” (avtosport-carting). [Evaluation System of Training for Formula “K” Pilots] Slobozhanskiy naukovo-sportyvnyy visnyk, vyp. 8, 139–141.
4. Keller VS, Radygina КI (1980). Issledovaniya sorevnovatelnyh nagruzok gornolyzhnikov. [Investigaton of Alpine Skiers’ Competitive loadings] Kyiv.
5. Kuznetcov АА (2007). Optimizatciya psihofizicheskoy podgotovlennosti avtogonshchikov rally vysokoy kvalifikatsii. [Optimizaton of Top Rally Pilots’ psycho-physical Preparedness] Russian State University of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, Moscow.
6. Ospinnikova К (2003). Zashchiti sebya sam. [Defence yourself] Avtosport, 4, 37–40.
7. Ryabchinsky AI (2001). Passive safety of Trucks (вiomechanics RTA with trucks). European Vehicle Passive Safety, Network : Seminar, Workshop, 185–107.
8. Rybak O (2002). Udoskonalenie aktyvnego bezpieczenstwa zawodow, jako czynnik dalszego rozwoju sportu samochodowego. Wychowanie fizyczne i sport, T. XLVI, сz. 1, 321.

9. Rybak О (2005). Zapobihannya pereventazhennyam na orhanizm sportsmen v avtomobilnomu sporti.[Prevention of Overloadings in Autosport] Moloda Sportyvna nauka Ukrainy, vyp. 9, т. 1, 153–164.
10. Rybak О (2005). Funktcionalna pidhotovka avtohonshchykiv zasobamy aerobiky. [Functonal Training of Pilots by aerobics] Slobozhanskiy naukovo-sportyvnyy visnyk, vyp. 8, 144–147.
11. Rybak О (2013). Bezpeka zmahalnoi diyalnosti v avtomobilnomu sporti. [Safety of Competitive Activity in Autosport] Lviv : LDUFK.
12. Singurindi EG (1982). Avtomobilnuy sport. [Automobile Sport] Moscow: DOSAAF.
13. Szczepaniak R, Szczepaniak S (2015). Obciążenia psychofizyczne kierowcy a bezpieczeństwo transportu drogowego. Logistyka, 4, 5943–5949.
14. Trofimetc Yu I (1977). Tehnika motokrossa. [Motocross Technique] Kyiv: Zdorovya.
15. Trofimetc Yu I (1990). Motokross. Podgotovka gonshchikov.Moscow: Patriot.
16. Zanko NG, Retnev VМ (2004). Medyko-biolohicheskiye osnovy bezopasnosti zhyznedeyatelnosti. [Medical and Biological Grounds for Life Safety] Moscow: Academiya
17. Zudin VN (2004). Chastota serdechnyh sokrashcheniy kak instrument opredeleniya sorevnovatelnyh I trenirovochnyh nagruzok v avto I motosporte. [Heart Rate as the Mean of Measurement of Competitive and Training Loadings in Auto and Motor Sport] Teoriya I praktika prikladnyh I ekstremalnyh vidov sporta, 2, 8.