The Analysis of Athletes Levels of Coronavirus-19 Phobia

Öz

The present study aims to analyze athletes’ levels of coronavirus phobia. The sample of the present study consists of 156 individual and 62 team athletes in different sports branches in Yozgat province of Turkey during the season 2019-2020. Athletes’ demographic features were obtained using a “personal information form”. Athletes’ levels of coronavirus phobia were measured using Coronavirus-19 phobia scale developed by Arpacı, Karataş and Baloğlu (2020). The statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed using SPSS 18 package program. In addition, normality test, frequency analysis, percentage analysis, arithmetic means, T test, ANOVA analysis and post hoc tests were used. The data analysis demonstrated the mean scale test score was 50.03. In terms of various variables such as sports branch (individual or team), age, history of coronavirus case in an acquaintance, monthly income from the sports branch, measures taken by managers in sports facilities and other people’s personal hygiene during the past/future trainings, statistically significant differences were found among participants’ mean total coronavirus phobia scale scores (p<0.05). It was found that participants performing team sports had a higher level of coronavirus phobia compared to those performing individual sports. Participants aged 21 and older had a higher level of coronavirus phobia compared to those aged 20 or younger. Participants with a history of coronavirus case in an acquaintance had a higher level of coronavirus phobia compared to those who did not witness such cases in their social circle. Participants who had a higher monthly income from their respective sports branch had a higher level of coronavirus phobia compared to those who did not earn any income. Participants who believed that managers did not take necessary measures and that people around them did not pay attention to personal hygiene had a higher level of coronavirus phobia compared to those who did not. However, no statistically significant differences were found among participants’ mean total coronavirus phobia scale scores in terms of gender, contact or no contact sports branch, dialogues with about coronavirus other people around them in the past/future trainings and paying attention to personal hygiene (p>0.05).

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Coronavirus
• Sports
• Athlete

Kaynakça

1. Acar K, Mor A, Baynaz K, Arslanoğlu E. (2020). An investigation on anxiety states of students in faculty of sport sciences during COVID-19. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, 3(1): 66-73.
2. Arapacı İ, Karataş K, Baloğlu M. (2020). The development and initial tests for the psychometric properties of the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S), Personality and Individual Differences, 164, 1-6.
3. Aslan, R. (2020). COVID-19 fizyoloji ve psikolojiyi nasıl etkiliyor. Göller Bölgesi Aylık Ekonomi ve Kültür Dergisi Ayrıntı, 8(88):47-53.
4. Aygün M, Murathan T. (2020). Buz hokeyinin tarihsel süreç içerisindeki görünümü. Journal of History School, 44, 600-612.
5. Aygün M, Ünal M. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemisinin buz hokeyi sporuna etkisi. Anadolu Kliniği Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, 25 (Speciak Issue on COVID-19), 195-203.
6. Bandelow B, Michaelis S. (2015) Epidemiology of anxiety disorders in the 21st century. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 17(3): 327-335.
7. Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessly S, Greenberg H, Rubin GJ. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet, 395(10227):912-920.
8. Burtscher J, Burtscher M, Millet GP. (2020). (Indoor) Isolation, stress and physical inactivity: vicious circles accelerated by COVID-19? Scand J Med Sci Sports, May 6, 10.1111/sms.13706.

9. Chen P, Mao L, Nassis GP, Harmer P, Ainsworth EB, Li F. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): The need to maintain regular physicalactivity while taking precautions. J Sport Health Sci. 9(2):103-104.
10. Dores H, Cardim N. (2020). Return to play after COVID-19: a sport cardiologist’s view. Br J Sports Med Published, 1-2.
11. Grant WB, Lahore H, McDonnell SL, et al. (2020) Evidence that vitamin d supplementation could reduce risk of influenza and COVID-19 infections and deaths. Nutrients, 12(4):988.
12. Hull JH. Loosemore M, Schwellnus M. (2020) Respiratory health in athletes: facing the COVID-19 challenge. Lancet Respir Me, 2600(20)30175-2.
13. Keskin A, Ünlüoglu I, Bilge U, Yenilmez Ç. (2013). The prevalence of psychiatric disorders distribution of subjects gender and its relationship with psychiatric help-seeking. Noro-Psikyatri Arsivi, 50(4): 344-351.
14. Kıroğlu F. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemi ortamında çalışma koşulları ve genel sorunlar. Meyad Akademi Dergisi, 1(1): 9-90.
15. Kline RB. (2005). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling: Methodology In The Social Sciences. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
16. Kwok KO, Li KK, Chan, HH, Yi YY, Tang A, et al. (2020) Community responses during the early phase of the COVID-19 epidemic in Hong Kong: risk perception, information exposure and preventive measures. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.26.20028217.
17. Öztürk O. (1994). Ruh Sağlığı ve Bozuklukları. Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birliği.
18. Ratten V, Ratten H. (2011). International sport marketing: practical and future research implications. J Business and Ind Marketing, 26(8):614-620.
19. Şencan H. (2005). Sosyal ve Davranışsal Ölçümlerde Güvenilirlik ve Geçerlik. Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları.
20. Şimşek OF. (2007). Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesine Giriş, Temel İlkeler ve Lisrel Uygulamaları. Ankara: Ekinoks Yayınları.
21. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS. et. al. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5):1729.
22. West SG, Finch JF, Curran PJ. (1995). Structural Equation Models With Nonnormal Variables and Remedies. Akt: Hoyle, R.H. (Ed.) (1995). Structural Equation Modeling: Concepts, Issues and Applications. Sage: London.
23. Zhang WR, et all. (2020) Mental health and psychosocial problems of medical health workers during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic DOI: 10.1159/000507639.
24. http1:acıkders.ankara.edu.tr/pluginfile.php/1382/mod_resource/content/2/B9_Normal%20Dagılım.pdf. (Erişim Tarihi: 17.07.2020).
25. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, Halk Sağlığı genel Müdürlüğü, COVID-19 (2019-n CoV Hastalığı) Rehberi (Bilim Kurulu Çalışması) (2020). T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, 25 Şubat 2020. (Erişim Tarihi: 26.07.2020).
26. Tarhan N. (2020) https://npistanbul.com/ koronavirus/prof-dr-nevzat-tarhan-koronafobi hayati-kisitliyor. (Erişim Tarihi: 12.08.2020)
27. Türkiye Milli Olimpiyat Komitesi. Koronavirüs Önlemleri Hakkında. Available from: https://olimpiyatkomitesi.org.tr/upload/ WHO_Covid19.pdf. (Erişim Tarihi: 15.07.2020).
28. World Health Organisation, Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbrake (2020). https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novelcoronavirus-2019, (Erişim Tarihi: 26.07.2020).
29. World Health Organization (WHO) (2020). China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19). https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/who-china-joint-mission-on-covid-19-final-report.pdf. (Erişim Tarihi: 16.07.2020).