Differences among Elite Female Rowers Regarding Carbohydrate Consumption at Rest

Yıl 2016, Cilt 4 - Sayı 2, 230 - 239, 23.06.2016

Dana Badau Valeriu Tomescu Adela Badau ștefan Adrian Martın

Öz

Backround: The objective of this study was interpreting the reported differences within carbohydrate consumption at rest, in female rowing groups. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study, on a group of elite rowing athletes, monitoring carbohydrate consumption at rest. 34 subjects, divided in 3 groups of activities (senior, youth, junior) took part in this study being monitored through Cosmed Quark CPET device. Results: The average amount of carbohydrates consumed at rest among the group of seniors was 263.6 grams/day, representing 1080.76 kcal. Youth group has reached an average of 248 grams/day, representing 1016.8 kcal., whereas the junior group has reached high average consumption of carbohydrates, 359 grams/day, equivalent to 1417.9 kcal/day. Noticeable differences among the average value was recorded between G3-G1, G3-G2 groups while the most significant differences were seen between G1-G3, and G2-G3 groups of athletes. Conclusion: The results of this study show a lack of adaptation among athletes in exercise performed with a monitored increased carbohydrate consumption at rest, and a low lipid consumption. At the same time, increased preponderance of carbohydrates at rest can negatively affect the activity of recovery, in terms of energy and nutritional needs by initiating the specific effort with an advanced stage of fatigue dictated by time spent in anaerobic effort indicated by the energy consumption of the monitored athletes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Carbohydrate, Macronutrients, Recovery, Rowers

Field : Sport Sciences, Physiology Type : Research Article

Öz

Kaynakça

• Achten J, Venables MC, Jeukendrup AE ( 2003). Fat oxidation rates are higher during
• running compared with cycling over a wide range of intensities, Metabolism,52:747–752.
• Alessio HM, Fulkerson BK, Ambrose J, Hagerman A, Wiley RL (1998). Lipid and protein
• oxidation occurs after exhaustive aerobic and non-aerobic exercise, Pathophysiology, 5:123.
• Aucouturier J, Baker JS, Duche P (2008). Fat and carbohydrate metabolism during
• submaximal exercise in children, Sports Med., 38:213-38.
• Badau D, Cosac G, Rogozea L, Badau A (2010). Comparative study regarding biological
• adaptation in sports games. In Proceedings of the 11th WSEAS international conference on
• Applied informatics and communications, and Proceedings of the 4th WSEAS International
• conference on Biomedical electronics and biomedical informatics, World Scientific and
• Engineering Academy and Society (WSEAS), p. 372-75.
• Badau D (2014). Sport counseling-a new approach to improve the performances. Annals of"
• Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati-Fascicle XV: Physical Education and Sport
• Management, 1:24-28.
• Betts JA, Richardson JD, Chowdhury EA, Holman GD, Tsintzas K, & Thompson D (2014).
• The causal role of breakfast in energy balance and health: a randomized controlled trial in
• lean adults. Am J Clin Nutr, 100:539–547.
• Bilsborough S, Mann NA (2006). Review of Issues of Dietary Protein Intake in Humans, Int
• J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab, 16:129-152.
• Brun JF, Romain AJ, Mercier J (2011). Maximal lipid oxidation during exercise (Lipoxmax):
• From physiological measurements to clinical applications. Facts and uncertainties, Sci Sport,
• :57-71.
• Burke LM (2001). Energy needs of athletes, Can J Appl Physiol.26:S202-219.
• Casazza GA, Jacobs KA, Suh SH et al. (2004). Menstrual cycle phase and oral contraceptive
• effects on triglzceride mobilization during exercise. J Appl Physiol. 97 (1): 302-9.
• Coquart JBJ, Grosbois JM, Nycz M, Bart F, Garcin M (2011). Influence du niveau de
• performance sur le seuil d’oxydation maximale des lipides (Lipoxmax) chez des cyclistes, Sci
• Sport, 26: 32-37.
• De Bandt JP, Blondé-Cynober F, Bories PN, Cassereau C, Cynober L, Devanlay M et al.
• (1998). Les modifications de la sensibilité aux hormones au cours du vieillissement :
• conséquences métaboliques et nutritionnelles, Nutrition Clinique et Métabolisme, 12:161-186.
• Djelic M., Mazic S, Lazovic B, Zikic D, Sumarac-Dumanovic M, Micic D (2015).
• Carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism responses to a graded maximal exercise test and
• recovery period in athletes and sedentary subjects, Sci Sport , 30:321-327.
• Francesco S. Celi, Trang N. Le, Bin Ni (2015). Physiology and relevance of human adaptive
• thermogenesis response, Trends Endocrinol Metab. 26(5):238-247.
• Hagerman FC (1994). Physiology and nutrition for rowing. Perspectives in Exercise Science
• and Sports Medicine; Physiology and Nutrition for Competitive Sport, D. R. Lamb,H. G.
• Knuttgen, and R. Murray (Eds.). Carmel, IN: Cooper Publishing Group, , p. 221–302.
• Hardman AE (1999). Interaction of physical activity and diet: implications for lipoprotein
• metabolism, Public Health Nutr, 2:369-76.
• Hawley JA, Hargreaves M, Joyner MJ, Zierath JR (2014). Integrative Biology of Exercise,
• Cell, 159:738-49.
• Herzog W (2012). Sport and health are global issues, J Sport Health Sci, 1:4
• Hill RJ, Davies PS (2002). Energy intake and energy expenditure in elite lightweight female
• rowers, Med Sci Sports Exerc. 34:1823-1829.
• Horton TJ, Pagliassotti MJ, Hobbs K, Hill JO (1998). Fuel metabolism in men and women
• during and after long-duration exercise. J Appl Physiol, 85:1823-1832.
• Isacco L, Duche P, Boisseau N (2012). Influence of Hormonal Status on Substrate Utilization
• at Rest and during Exercise in the Female Population, Sports Med. 42:327-29.
• Labarde S. (2015). La nutrition du sportif, Actual Pharm, 54:49-52.
• Lanfranco F, Ghigo E, Strasburger CJ (2011). Hormones and Athletic Performance, Chapter
• , In Williams Textbook of Endocrinology (Twelfth Edition), edited by Shlomo Melmed
• Kenneth S. PolonskyP. Reed LarsenHenry M. Kronenberg, Philadelphia, p.1202-1218.F
• Laurenson DM, Dubé DJ (2014). Effects of carbohydrate and protein supplementation during
• resistance exercise on respiratory exchange ratio, blood glucose, and performance, J Clin
• Transl Endocrinol, 2:1-5.
• Laurenson DM, Dubé DJ (2014). Effects of carbohydrate and protein supplementation during
• resistance exercise on respiratory exchange ratio, blood glucose, and performance, J Clin
• Transl Endocrinol, 2:1-5.
• Martin S.A, Tarcea M (2015). Consequences of lack of education regarding nutrition among
• young athletes. Palestrica of the third millennium – Civilization and Sport, 16:241–246.
• Martin SA, Tarcea M (2015), Sport Nutrition, University Press, Tirgu Mureş, p.247.
• Melzer K (2011). Carbohydrate and fat utilization during rest and physical activity, E Spen
• Eur E J Clin Nutr Metab, 6:e45–e52.
• Neethling J, Britz TJ, Hoffman LC (2014). Impact of season on the fatty acid profiles of male
• and female blesbok (Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi) muscles, Meat Science, 98:599-606
• Pillard F, Moro C, Harant I. et al. (2007). Lipid oxidation according to intensity and exercise
• duration in overweight men and women, (Silver Spring), Obesity, 15:2256-262.
• Poortmans JR, Carpentier A, Pereira-Lancha LO. et al. (2012). Protein turnover, amino acid
• requirements and recommendations for athletes and active populations, Braz J Med Biol Res,
• :875-890.
• Popescu V (2010). The importance of moral training in sports performance, Procedia - Social
• and Behavioral Sciences, 2:869-874.
• Pörtner HO, Finke E, Lee PG (1996). Metabolic and energy correlates of intracellular pH in
• progressive fatigue of squid (L. brevis) mantle muscle. Am. J. Physiol. 271:R1403-1414.
• Ruddy R (2014). Nutrition du sportif, apports macronutritionnels en fonction des disciplines,
• Nutrition Clinique et Métabolisme, 28:272-78.
• Sakamoto T, Takahashi N, Goto T, Kawada T (2014). Dietary factors evoke thermogenesis in
• adipose tissues, Obesity Research & Clinical Practice, 8:e533-539.
• Sanchez-Garrido MA, Tena-Sempere M (2013). Metabolic control of puberty: Roles of leptin
• and kisspeptins, Horm Behav, 64:187-194.
• Šatalić Z (2016). Sports Nutrition, In Encyclopedia of Food and Health, edited by Benjamin
• Caballero, Paul M. Finglas and Fidel Toldrá, Academic Press, Oxford, p.118-123.
• Sousa M, Fernandes MJ, Carvalho P, Soares J, Moreira P, Teixeira VH (2015). Nutritional
• supplements use in high-performance athletes is related with lower nutritional inadequacy
• from food, J Sport Health Sci, 2095-546.
• Tarnopolsky M (2003). Females and males: Should nutritional recommendations be gender
• specific? Sportmedizin und Sporttraumatologie, 51:39-46.
• Tarnopolsky M (2000). Gender differences in substrate metabolism during endurance
• exercise, Can J Appl Physiol. 25:312-27.
• Thompson JL (1998). Energy Balance in Young Athletes, Int J Sport Nutr. 8:160-174.
• Valente A, Carrillo AE, Tzatzarakis MN, Vakonaki ETsatsakis AM, Glen P. Kenny GP et al.
• (2015). The absorption and metabolism of a single L-menthol oral versus skin administration:
• Effects on thermogenesis and metabolic rate, Food Chem Toxicol, 86:262-273.
• Van Loon LJ, Greenhaff PL, Constantin-Teodosiu D (2001). The effects of increasing
• exercise intensity on muscle fuel utilisation in humans, J Physiol. 536:295-304.
• Wismann J, Willoughby D (2006). Gender Differences in Carbohydrate Metabolism and
• Carbohydrate Loading, J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 3:28-34.