Response of Critical Speed to Different Macrocycle Phases during Linear Periodization on Young Swimmers

Yıl 2016, Cilt 4 - Sayı 1, 23 - 30, 26.03.2016

João Bartholomeu Neto Claudio de Oliveira Assumpção Jonato Prestes Flávia Maria de Brito Lira Cıelo Ricardo Yukio Asano Hélio José Coelho Junıor Claudio OLAVO de Almeida Córdova Ídico Luiz Pellegrınottı

Öz

Sport training programs to young swimmers have to aggregate different physical stimulus to collaborate with overall physical development, which can lead to reach best results in competitions. Linear periodization seems to be a powerful tool that allow the organization of these stimulus. However, this model has been not studied. Regarding physical capacities, aerobic fitness is inversely related with fatigue and exercise performance. Although aerobic capacity evaluation used to be expensive, critical speed (CS) is easy and non-expensive tool capable to make this measurement.Thus, the aim of this study was evaluate the effects of linear periodization in CS on well-trained young swimmers. Sixteen athletes (age: 14.06 1.22 years, height: 163.5210.99 cm, weight: 57.412.7 kg, body mass index: 21.2437; 7 ♀), were underwent to a linear macrocycle training with 23 weeks divided in four mesocycles: general endurance (i.e., 4 weeks), specific endurance (i.e., 8 weeks), competitive (i.e., 7 weeks) and taper (i.e., 4 weeks). Results showed significantly improve on CS after competitive and taper mesocycle phases, which was composed by higher training intensity in comparison with other macrocycle phases. Therefore, the results of the present study indicate a collaboration of mesocycle intensity on the cumulative effects of linear periodization in CS improve on young swimmers.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Swimming, Linear Periodization, Critical Speed, Young Swimmers

Béttio, 1000 - Ermelino Matarazzo - 03828-000 – BRAZIL

Öz

Kaynakça

• Baker D, Wilson Greg, Carlyon R (1994). Periodization: The Effect on Strength of
• Manipulating Volume and Intensity. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 8(4),
• -242.
• Bompa TO (2002). Periodização. Teoria e metodologia do treinamento. 4ª edição Guarulhos:
• Phorte editora.
• Brown Lee E, Greenwood M. (2005). Periodization Essentials and Innovations in Resistance
• Training Protocols. National Strength and Conditioning Association, 27(4), 80-85.
• Clarke AC, Presland J, Rattray B, Pyne DB (2014). Critical velocity as a measure of aerobic
• fitness in women's rugby sevens. J Sci Med Sport, 17(1), 144-148. doi:
• 1016/j.jsams.2013.03.008
• Fleck SJ (1999). Periodized Strength Training: A Critical Review. The Journal of Strength &
• Conditioning Research, 13(1), 82-89.
• Franken M, Diefenthaeler F, Carpes FP, Castro FAS (2011). Esforço percebido e cinemática
• em percentuais da velocidade crítica na natação. Motriz: Rev. Educ. Fis, 17(4), 708-718.
• Guedes J, Costa A, Pereira R, Silva SFD (2011). Sensibilidade da velocidade crítica em
• jovens nadadores durante um macrociclo de treinamento. Brazilian Journal of Biomotricity,
• (3), 156-167.
• Harries SK, Lubans DR, Callister R (2015). Systematic review and meta-analysis of linear
• and undulating periodized resistance training programs on muscular strength. The Journal of
• Strength & Conditioning Research, 29(4), 1113-1125.
• Issurin VB (2010). New horizons for the methodology and physiology of training
• periodization. Sports Med, 40(3), 189-206. doi: 10.2165/11319770-000000000-00000
• Maglischo EW (1999). Nadando ainda mais rápido. São Paulo: Manole.
• Makarenko LP (2001). Natação: seleção de talentos e iniciação desportiva. Porto Alegre:
• Artmed Editora.
• Mujika I, Chatard JC, Busso T, Geyssant A, Barale F, Lacoste L (1995). Effects of training on
• performance in competitive swimming. Can J Appl Physiol, 20(4), 395-406.
• Mujika I, Padilla S, Pyne D, Busso T (2004). Physiological changes associated with the preevent
• taper in athletes. Sports Med, 34(13), 891-927.
• Olbrecht J (2000). The science of winning: planning, periodizing and optimizing swim
• training. Luton: Swimshop.
• Oshita K, Ross M, Koizumi K, Kashimoto S, Yano S, Takahashi K, Kawakami M (2009).
• The critical velocity and 1500-m surface performances in Finswimming. Int J Sports Med,
• (8), 598-601. doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1214378
• Pyne DB, Lee H, Swanwick KM (2001). Monitoring the lactate threshold in world-ranked
• swimmers. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 33(2), 291-297.
• Rhea MR, Alderman BL (2004). A meta-analysis of periodized versus nonperiodized strength
• and power training programs. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 75(4), 413-422.
• Toubekis AG, Tsami AP, Smilios IG, Douda HT, Tokmakidis SP (2011). Training-induced
• changes on blood lactate profile and critical velocity in young swimmers. J Strength Cond
• Res, 25(6), 1563-1570. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181ddfafc
• Wakayoshi K, Ikuta K, Yoshida T, Udo M, Moritani T, Mutoh Y, Miyashita M (1992).
• Determination and validity of critical velocity as an index of swimming performance in the
• competitive swimmer. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol, 64(2), 153-157.
• Wakayoshi K, Yoshida T, Udo M, Harada T, Moritani T, Mutoh Y, Miyashita M (1993).
• Does critical swimming velocity represent exercise intensity at maximal lactate steady state?
• Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol, 66(1), 90-95.
• Wathen D, Baechle T, Earle R (2008). Periodization. In Thomas R Baechle & Roger W Earle
• (Eds.), Essentials of strength training and conditioning (Vol. 3): Human kinetics.
• Wathen I (2008) Essentials of strength training and conditioning.
• Weineck J (1999). Treinamento ideal. São Paulo: Manole.