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Yıl 2019, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 4, 22 - 39, 29.12.2019

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Kaynakça

  • American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC, Wash, USA, 5th edition, 2013. Autism Society of America, 2014, http://www.autism society .org/.
  • Allen, K. A., Bredero, B., Van Damme, T., Ulrich, D. A., & Simons, J. (2017). Test of Gross Motor Development-3 (TGMD-3) with the Use of Visual Supports for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Validity and Reliability. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(3), 813–833. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-3005-0.
  • Anderson-Hanley, C., Tureck, K., & Schneiderman, R. L. (2011). Autism and exergaming: Effects on repetitive behaviors and cognition. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 4, 129–137.
  • Andrew, G. M., Reid, G., Beck, S., & McDonald, W. (1979). Training of the developmentally handicapped young adult. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Science, 4, 289–293.
  • A H. Memari,B. Ghaheri,V. Ziaee, R. Kordi,S. Hafizi, and P. Moshayedi, “Physical activity in children and adolescents with autism assessed by triaxial accelerometry,” PediatricObesity,vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 150–158, 2013.
  • A H. Memari,V.Ziaee,M. Shayestehfar, P. Ghanouni,M.A. Mansournia, and P. Moshayedi, “Cognitive flexibility impair- ments in children with autism spectrum disorders:links to age, gender and child outcomes,” Research in Developmental Dis- abilities,vol.34, no.10, pp.3218–3225,2013
  • A. H. Memari, P. Ghanouni, M. Shayestehfar, V. Ziaee, and P. Moshayedi, “Effects of visual searchs. Auditory taskson Postural control in children with autism spectrum disorder,” Gait & Posture, vol.39, no.1, pp. 229–234, 2014
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  • Bahrami, F., Movahedi, A., Marandi, S. M., & Abedi, A. (2012). Kata techniques training consistently decreases stereotypy in children with autism spectrum disorder. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 4, 1183–1193. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2012.01.018.
  • Broder-Fingert, S., Brazauskas, K., Lindgren, K., Iannuzzi, D., & Van Cleave, J. (2014). Prevalence of overweight and obesity in a large clinical sample of children with autism. Academic Pediat- rics, 14(4), 408–414. doi:10.1016/j.acap.2014.04.004.
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  • Berkeley SL, Zittel LL, Pitney LV, Nichols SE (2001) Locomotor and object control skills of children diagnosed with autism. Adapt Phys Act Q 18: 405-416.7. Blair, S. N., Kohl, H. W., Paffenbarger, R. S., Clark, D. G., Cooper, K. H., & Gibbons, L. W. (1989). Physical activity and all cause mortality: A prospective study of healthy men and women. Journal of the American Medical Association, 262, 2395–2401.
  • Booth, F. W., Gordon, S. E., Carlson, C. J., & Hamilton, M. T. (2000). Waging war on modern chronic disease: Primary prevention through exercise biology. Journal of Applied Physiology, 88, 774–787.
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  • Bundschuh, E. L., & Cureton, K. J. (1982). Effect of bicycle ergometer conditioning on the physical work capacity of mentally retarded adolescents. American Correctional Therapy Journal, 36, 159–163.
  • Bhat, A. N., Landa, R. J., & Galloway, J. C. (2011). Current per- spectives on motor functioning in infants, children and adults with autism spectrum disorders. Physical Therapy, 91(7), 1116–1129.
  • Bremer, E., Balogh, R., & Lloyd, M. (2015). Effectiveness of a funda- mental motor skill intervention for 4-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder: A pilot study. Autism, 19, 980–991
  • Berkeley, S. L., Zittel, L. L., Pitney, L. V., & Nichols, S. E. (2001). Locomotor and object control skills of children diagnosed with autism. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 18(4), 405–416.
  • Catama, B. V, Calalang, M. S., Cada, R., Karlo, D., Ballog, A. C., Batton, K. B., … Jan, J. (2017). Motor intervention activities for children with autism spectrum disorders. International Journal of Research Studies in Psychology, 6(1), 27–42. C.-Y. Pan and G. C. Frey, “Physical activity patterns in youth with autism spectrum disorders,” Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 597–606, 2006.
  • Curtin, C., Anderson, S. E., Must, A., & Bandini, L. (2010). The prevalence of obesity in children with autism: a secondary data analysis using nationally representative data from the National Survey of Children’s Health. BMC Pediatrics, 10, 11. doi:10.1186/1471-2431-10-11.
  • D. Garcia-Villamisar and J. Dattilo, “Social and clinical effects of a leisure program on adults with an autism spectrum disorder,” Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 246–253, 2011.
  • D. Saldaña, R. M. Álvarez, S. Lobatón, A. M. Lopez, M. Moreno, and M. Rojano, “Objective and subjective quality of life in adults with autism spectrum disorders in southern Spain,” Autism, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 303–316, 2009.
  • Dewey, D., Cantell, M., & Crawford, S. G. (2007). Motor and gestural performance in children with autism spectrum disorders, developmental coordination disorder, and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the International Neuropsy- chological Society, 13(2), 246–256.
  • Elliot, R. O., Dobbin, A. R., Rose, G. D., & Soper, H. V. (1994). Vigorous, aerobic exercise versus general motor training activities: Effects on maladaptive and stereotypic behaviors of adults with both autism and mental retardation. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24, 565–576.
  • Eversole, M., Collins, D. M., Karmarkar, A., Colton, L., Quinn, J. P., Karsbaek, R., & Hilton, C. L. (2016). Leisure activity enjoyment of children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 46(1), 10-20.
  • Fournier, K. A., Hars, C. J., Naik, S. K., Lodla, N., & Cauraugh, J. H. (2010). Motor coordination in autism spectrum disorders: A synthesis and meta-analysis. Journal Autism Developmental Disorders, 40(10), 1227–1240.
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  • Green, D., Baird, G., Barnett, A., Henderson, L., Huber, J., & Henderson, S. (2002). The severity and nature of motor impairment in Asperger syndrome: A comparison with specific developmental disorder of motor function. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43, 655–668. doi: 10.1111/1469-7610.00054.
  • Hilton, C. L., Zhang, Y., Whilte, M. R., Klohr, C. L., & Constantino, J. (2012). Motor impairment in sibling pairs concordant and discordant for autism spectrum disorders. Autism, 16(4), 430–441.
  • Hill, A. P., Zuckerman, K. E., & Fombonne, E. (2015). Obesity and Autism. Pediatrics, 136(6), 1051–1061. doi:10.1542/ peds.2015-1437. Houwen, S., Hartman, E., Jonker, L., & Visscher, C. (2010). Reliability and validity of the TGMD-2 in primary school age children with visual impairments. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 27(2), 143–159.
  • Hallett, M., Lebiedowska, M. K., Thomas, S. L., Stanhope, S. J., Denckla, M. B., & Rumsey, J. (1993). Locomotion of autistic adults. Archives of Neurology, 50(12), 1304–1308
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The influence of Structured Physical Activity Intervention on Fundamental Motor Skills Development of Children with Mild and Moderate Autism Spectrum Disorder

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 4, 22 - 39, 29.12.2019

Öz

The children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have impairment of gross motor skills. However, the motor deficiency is not a part of diagnosis of ASD. Majority of the people with ASD have motor imbalanced that affected serious health issues, body posture and PA performance. The major purposes of the study were to examine the impact of a structured physical activity programme on gross motor skills development on mild and moderate ASD. In order to achieve this purposes, the researcher has firmed two objectives namely (1) influence of PA intervention on gross motor development (locomotors & object control skills) of children with ASD and (2) influential comparisons of treatment effect between mild and moderate children with ASD. Purposive sampling technique was implemented to recruiting participants and a total of 20 samples were fixed after screening with the chronological age range in between 6 to 10 years and they deployed in two groups based on the degree of autism (Mild and Moderate). The total duration of experimentation last to 14 weeks, three times per week and each session having 40-60 minutes. Outcome variables (DV) were measured in three-time period (initial, mid, & post-test) and repeated measures ANOVA was used to find out the significant differences. The present study, demonstrate the substantial benefits for children with ASD through the structured PA programme. The locomotors skills have shown the statically significant (mild group f=52.66*, P<0.05/ Moderate ASD f=54.92*, P<0.05). In terms of object control skills also found significant differences with the effect of PA intervention (Mild ASD f=60.51* P<0.05/ Moderate ASD f=77.28* P<0.05). However, the group-wise comparison showed not significant difference between mild and moderate ASD. The present study concluded that 14 weeks structured PA programme was showed the gross motor skills development of children with mild and moderate ASD.

Kaynakça

  • American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC, Wash, USA, 5th edition, 2013. Autism Society of America, 2014, http://www.autism society .org/.
  • Allen, K. A., Bredero, B., Van Damme, T., Ulrich, D. A., & Simons, J. (2017). Test of Gross Motor Development-3 (TGMD-3) with the Use of Visual Supports for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Validity and Reliability. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(3), 813–833. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-3005-0.
  • Anderson-Hanley, C., Tureck, K., & Schneiderman, R. L. (2011). Autism and exergaming: Effects on repetitive behaviors and cognition. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 4, 129–137.
  • Andrew, G. M., Reid, G., Beck, S., & McDonald, W. (1979). Training of the developmentally handicapped young adult. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Science, 4, 289–293.
  • A H. Memari,B. Ghaheri,V. Ziaee, R. Kordi,S. Hafizi, and P. Moshayedi, “Physical activity in children and adolescents with autism assessed by triaxial accelerometry,” PediatricObesity,vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 150–158, 2013.
  • A H. Memari,V.Ziaee,M. Shayestehfar, P. Ghanouni,M.A. Mansournia, and P. Moshayedi, “Cognitive flexibility impair- ments in children with autism spectrum disorders:links to age, gender and child outcomes,” Research in Developmental Dis- abilities,vol.34, no.10, pp.3218–3225,2013
  • A. H. Memari, P. Ghanouni, M. Shayestehfar, V. Ziaee, and P. Moshayedi, “Effects of visual searchs. Auditory taskson Postural control in children with autism spectrum disorder,” Gait & Posture, vol.39, no.1, pp. 229–234, 2014
  • Baranek, G. T. (1999). Autism during infancy: A retrospective video analysis of sensory-motor and social behaviors at 9-12 months of age. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 29, 213-224.
  • Bahrami, F., Movahedi, A., Marandi, S. M., & Abedi, A. (2012). Kata techniques training consistently decreases stereotypy in children with autism spectrum disorder. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 4, 1183–1193. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2012.01.018.
  • Broder-Fingert, S., Brazauskas, K., Lindgren, K., Iannuzzi, D., & Van Cleave, J. (2014). Prevalence of overweight and obesity in a large clinical sample of children with autism. Academic Pediat- rics, 14(4), 408–414. doi:10.1016/j.acap.2014.04.004.
  • Borremans, E., Rintala, P., & McCubbin, J. A. (2010). Physical fitness and physical activity in adolescents with asperger syndrome: a comparative study. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 27(4), 308–320.
  • Berkeley SL, Zittel LL, Pitney LV, Nichols SE (2001) Locomotor and object control skills of children diagnosed with autism. Adapt Phys Act Q 18: 405-416.7. Blair, S. N., Kohl, H. W., Paffenbarger, R. S., Clark, D. G., Cooper, K. H., & Gibbons, L. W. (1989). Physical activity and all cause mortality: A prospective study of healthy men and women. Journal of the American Medical Association, 262, 2395–2401.
  • Booth, F. W., Gordon, S. E., Carlson, C. J., & Hamilton, M. T. (2000). Waging war on modern chronic disease: Primary prevention through exercise biology. Journal of Applied Physiology, 88, 774–787.
  • Beasley, C. R. (1982). Effects of jogging program on cardiovascular fitness and work performances of mentally retarded persons. American Journal of Mental Deficiencies, 86, 609– 613.
  • Bundschuh, E. L., & Cureton, K. J. (1982). Effect of bicycle ergometer conditioning on the physical work capacity of mentally retarded adolescents. American Correctional Therapy Journal, 36, 159–163.
  • Bhat, A. N., Landa, R. J., & Galloway, J. C. (2011). Current per- spectives on motor functioning in infants, children and adults with autism spectrum disorders. Physical Therapy, 91(7), 1116–1129.
  • Bremer, E., Balogh, R., & Lloyd, M. (2015). Effectiveness of a funda- mental motor skill intervention for 4-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder: A pilot study. Autism, 19, 980–991
  • Berkeley, S. L., Zittel, L. L., Pitney, L. V., & Nichols, S. E. (2001). Locomotor and object control skills of children diagnosed with autism. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 18(4), 405–416.
  • Catama, B. V, Calalang, M. S., Cada, R., Karlo, D., Ballog, A. C., Batton, K. B., … Jan, J. (2017). Motor intervention activities for children with autism spectrum disorders. International Journal of Research Studies in Psychology, 6(1), 27–42. C.-Y. Pan and G. C. Frey, “Physical activity patterns in youth with autism spectrum disorders,” Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 597–606, 2006.
  • Curtin, C., Anderson, S. E., Must, A., & Bandini, L. (2010). The prevalence of obesity in children with autism: a secondary data analysis using nationally representative data from the National Survey of Children’s Health. BMC Pediatrics, 10, 11. doi:10.1186/1471-2431-10-11.
  • D. Garcia-Villamisar and J. Dattilo, “Social and clinical effects of a leisure program on adults with an autism spectrum disorder,” Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 246–253, 2011.
  • D. Saldaña, R. M. Álvarez, S. Lobatón, A. M. Lopez, M. Moreno, and M. Rojano, “Objective and subjective quality of life in adults with autism spectrum disorders in southern Spain,” Autism, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 303–316, 2009.
  • Dewey, D., Cantell, M., & Crawford, S. G. (2007). Motor and gestural performance in children with autism spectrum disorders, developmental coordination disorder, and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the International Neuropsy- chological Society, 13(2), 246–256.
  • Elliot, R. O., Dobbin, A. R., Rose, G. D., & Soper, H. V. (1994). Vigorous, aerobic exercise versus general motor training activities: Effects on maladaptive and stereotypic behaviors of adults with both autism and mental retardation. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24, 565–576.
  • Eversole, M., Collins, D. M., Karmarkar, A., Colton, L., Quinn, J. P., Karsbaek, R., & Hilton, C. L. (2016). Leisure activity enjoyment of children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 46(1), 10-20.
  • Fournier, K. A., Hars, C. J., Naik, S. K., Lodla, N., & Cauraugh, J. H. (2010). Motor coordination in autism spectrum disorders: A synthesis and meta-analysis. Journal Autism Developmental Disorders, 40(10), 1227–1240.
  • Fernhall, B. (1993). Physical fitness and exercise training for individuals with mental retardation. Medical and Science in Sport and Exercise, 25, 442–450. Frey, B. C., McCubbin, J. A., Hannington-Downs, S., Kasser, S .L., & Skaggs, S. O. (1999). Physical fitness of trained runners with and without mental retardation. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 16, 126–137.
  • Green, D., Baird, G., Barnett, A., Henderson, L., Huber, J., & Henderson, S. (2002). The severity and nature of motor impairment in Asperger syndrome: A comparison with specific developmental disorder of motor function. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43, 655–668. doi: 10.1111/1469-7610.00054.
  • Hilton, C. L., Zhang, Y., Whilte, M. R., Klohr, C. L., & Constantino, J. (2012). Motor impairment in sibling pairs concordant and discordant for autism spectrum disorders. Autism, 16(4), 430–441.
  • Hill, A. P., Zuckerman, K. E., & Fombonne, E. (2015). Obesity and Autism. Pediatrics, 136(6), 1051–1061. doi:10.1542/ peds.2015-1437. Houwen, S., Hartman, E., Jonker, L., & Visscher, C. (2010). Reliability and validity of the TGMD-2 in primary school age children with visual impairments. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 27(2), 143–159.
  • Hallett, M., Lebiedowska, M. K., Thomas, S. L., Stanhope, S. J., Denckla, M. B., & Rumsey, J. (1993). Locomotion of autistic adults. Archives of Neurology, 50(12), 1304–1308
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  • Liu, T. (2012). Motor milestone development in young children with autism spectrum disorders: An exploratory study. Educational Psychology in Practice: Theory, Research and Practice in Educational Psychology, 28(3), 315–326.
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  • Levinson, L. J., & Reid, G. (1993). The effects of exercise intensity on the stereotypic behaviors of individuals with autism. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 10, 255–268.
  • Manjoiviona, J., & Prior, M. (1995). Comparison of Asperger’s syndrome and high-functioning autistic children on a test of motor impairment. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorder, 25, 23–39.
  • Mayes, S. D., & Calhoun, S. L. (2003). Ability profiles in children with autism: Influenced of age and IQ. Autism, 7, 65–80.
  • Ming, X., Brimacombe, M., & Wagner, G. C. (2007). Prevalence of motor impairment in autism spectrum disorders. Brain and Development, 29(9), 565–570.
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  • Nordgren, B. (1971). Physical capacity and training in a group of young adult mentally retarded persons. Acta Paediatric of Scandanavia (Suppl.), 217, 119–121.
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  • Ornitz, E. M., Guthrie, D., & Farley, A. H. (1977). The early development of autistic children. Journal of Autism and Develop- mental Disorders, 7, 207–229.
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  • Pate, R., Pratt, M., & Blair, S. N. (1995). Physical activity and public health. A recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine. Journal of the American Medical Association, 273, 402–407
  • Page, J., & Boucher, J. (1998). Motor impairments in children with autistic disorder. Child Language and Teaching Therapy, 14, 233–259.
  • Pan, C. Y. (2011). The efficacy of an aquatic program on physical fitness and aquatic skills in children with and without autism spectrum disorders. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5(1), 657–665.
  • Pan, C., Tsai, C., Chu, C., Sung, M., Ma, W., & Huang, C. (2016). Objectively measured physical activity and health related physical fitness in secondary school-aged male students with autism spectrum disorders. Physical Therapy, 96(4), 511–520. doi:10.2522/ptj.20140353.
  • Pan, C., & Frey, G. C. (2005). Identifying physical activity determinants in youth with autistic spectrum disorders. Journal of Physical Activity & Health, 2(4), 412.
  • Pan, C.-Y., & Frey, G. C. (2006). Physical Activity Patterns in Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36(5), 597–606.
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  • Pitetti, K. H., & Tan, D. A. (1991). The effects of a minimally supervised training program on the cardiovascular fitness of mentally retarded adults. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 23(5), 594–601.
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  • Provost, B., Heimerl, S., & Lopez, B. R. (2007). Levels of gross and fine motor development in young children with autism spectrum disorder. Physical and Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, 27, 21–36.
  • Provost B, Lopez BR and Heimerl S (2007) A comparison of motor delays in young children: Autism spectrum disorder, developmental delay, and developmental concerns. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 37(2): 321–328.
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  • Rimmer, J. H., Heller, T., Wang, E., & Valerio, I. (2004). Improvement in physical fitness in adults with Down syndrome. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 109, 165–174.
  • Sallis, J. F., McKenzie, T. L., Alcaraz, J. E., Kolody, B., Faucette, N., &Hovell, M. F. (1997). The effects of a 2-year physical education program (SPARK) on physical activity and fitness in elementary school students. Sports, play and active recreation for kids. American Journal of Public Health, 87, 1328–1334.
  • Schopler E., Reichler R. J., Lansing M., Strategie a metody výuky dětí s autismem a dalšími vývojovými vadami. Praha: Portál. ISBN 978-80-7367-898-2, (2011).
  • Sowa, M., & Meulenbroek, R. (2012). Effects of physical exercise on autism spectrum disorders: A meta-analysis. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 6, 46–57.
  • Schurrer, R., Weltman, A., & Brannel, H. (1985). Effects of physical training on cardiovascular fitness and behavior patterns of mentally retarded adults. American Journal of Mental Deficiencies, 90, 167–170.
  • Shetreat-Klein, M., Shinnar, S., & Rapin, I. (2014). Abnormalities of joint mobility and gait in children with autism spectrum disorders. Brain and Development, 38(2), 91–96.
  • Srinivasan, S. M., Lynch, K. A., Bubela, D. J., Gifford, T. D., & Bhat, A. N. (2013). Effect of interactions between a child and a robot on the imitation and praxis performance of typically developing children and a child with autism: A preliminary study. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 116(3), 885–904.
  • Sorensen, C., & Zarrett, N. (2014). Benefits of Physical Activity for Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Comprehensive Review. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1(4), 344–353.
  • Tyler, K., MacDonald, M., & Menear, K. (2014). Physical activity and physical fitness of school-aged children and youth with autism spectrum disorders. Autism Research and Treatment, 2014, 312163. doi:10.1155/2014/312163.
  • Teitelbaum, P., Teitelbaum, O., Nye, J., Fryman, J., & Maurer, R. G. (1998). Movement analysis in infancy may be useful for early diagnosis of autism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 95(23), 13982–13987.
  • V. C. N. Wong and S. L. H. Hui, “Epidemiological study of autism spectrum disorder in China,” Journal of Child Neurology, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 67–72, 2008.
  • Wolfberg, P. (1999). Play and imagination in children with autism. New York: Teacher’s College Press. Yilmaz, I., Yanardag, M., Birkan, B. A., & Bumin, G. (2004). Effects of swimming training on physical fitness and water orientation in autism. Pediatrics International, 46, 624–626.
  • Zachor, D. A., Ilanit, T., & Itzchak, E. B. (2010). Autism severity and motor abilities correlates of imitation situations in children with autism spectrum disorders. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4(3), 438-443.
Toplam 77 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Spor Hekimliği
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mr Muneer P Muneer P Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Muneer P, M. M. P. (2019). The influence of Structured Physical Activity Intervention on Fundamental Motor Skills Development of Children with Mild and Moderate Autism Spectrum Disorder. International Journal of Sport Culture and Science, 7(4), 22-39.
IntJSCS is published by International Science Culture and Sport Association (ISCSA).