BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Dropout Reasons in Iranian Youth Roller Skaters

Yıl 2014, Cilt 2 - Sayı 4, 89 - 102, 18.04.2015
https://doi.org/10.14486/IJSCS214

Öz

The main drop-out reasons from the sport of roller skating amongst Iranian youth skaters has been examined. A questionnaire with 53 items (adopted from Enoksen, 2011) representing seven subscales namely: training factors and facilities, executive factors and team, education and work obligations, motivational aspects, social-cultural environment, choice of other sport activities and interests and economic factors was especially developed for this research. Responses were measured on a Likert scale ranging from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree” in relation to each statement. In all 112 skaters predominantly male (mean age 17.1, SD = 1.63) with a mean = 5.43 years of experience (SD = 2.92) that had discontinued in the past two years completed the questionnaire. Results of one sample t-tests showed that all factors expect “social-cultural environment” are significant indicators for drop out from skating with “economical factors” scoring the highest ranking. Correlational analysis showed that younger participants agree more strongly that “executive factors and team” and “education and work obligations” were the best predictors of drop out. Those with fewer years of experience considered “training factors and facilities”, “motivational aspects and social and cultural environment” as more likely reasons for quitting. Implications of the findings are discussed.

Kaynakça

  • Ames, C. (1992). Achievement Goals, Motivational Climate, and Motivational Processes', in G. Roberts (ed.) Motivation in Sport and Exercise, pp. 161–176, Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics
  • Ajzen, I (1991). The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 50, 179-211 (1991)
  • Arent, S. M., Landers, D. M., & Etnier, J. L. (2000). The effects of exercise on mood in older adults: A meta-analytic review. Journal of
  • Aging and Physical Activity, 8(4), 407–430.
  • Augustini, M., & Trabal, P. (1995). A case study of withdrawal from French boxing. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 34 (1), 69-74.
  • Barnett, N. P., Smoll, F. L., & Smith, R. E. (1992). Effects of enhancing coach-athlete relationship on youth sport attrition. Sport Psychologist, 6, 111-127.
  • Biddle, S.J.H., & Mutrie, N. (2001). Psychology of Physical activity: determinants, wellbeing and interventions. London: Routledge.
  • Biddle, Gorely, Marshall, Murdey & Cameron (2014) Physical activity and sedentary behaviours in youth: issues and controversies. The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health January 2004 124: 29-33
  • Butcher, J., Lindner, K., & Johns, D. P. (2002). Withdrawal from competitive youth sports: a retrospective ten-year study. Journal of Sport Behavior, 25, 145-164.
  • Bussmann, G. (1995). How to prevent “dropout” in competitive sport. New Studies in Athletics, 1: 23-29.
  • Davis, C. L., Tomporowski, P. D., McDowell, J. E., Austin, B. P., Miller, P. H., Yanasak, N. E., Allison, J. D., & Naglieri, J. A. (2011). Exercise improves executive function and achievement and alters brain activation in overweight children: A randomized, controlled trial. Health Psychology, 30(1), 91–98.
  • Enoksen, E. (2002). Talent development in sport. longitudinal and retrospective study of a selected group of promising track and field athletes, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences. Oslo.
  • Enoksen, E. (2011). Drop-out Rate and Drop-out Reasons Among Promising Norwegian Track and Field Athletes. Scandinavian Sport Studies Forum, 2: 19-43.
  • Field, L., Steinhart, M. (1992). The relationship of internally directed behavior to self- reinforcement, self-esteem and expectancy value for exercise, American Journal of Health Promotion, 7, 21-27.
  • Figueiredo, A.J, Gonçalves, C.E., Coelho, e., Silva, M.J., & Malina, R.M. (2009). Characteristics of youth soccer players who drop out, persist or move up, Journal of Sports Sciences. 27, 883–891.
  • Folsom, A.R, Arnett, D.K, Hutchinson, R.G., Liao, F., Clegg, L.X., & Cooper, L.S. (1997). Physical activity and incidence of coronary heart disease in middle. Medicine and Science in Sports Exercise, 29, 901-909.
  • Fraser-Thomas, J., Côté, J., & Deakin, J. (2008). Understanding dropout and prolonged engagement in adolescent competitive sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise,9, 645-662.
  • Gabler, H. (1981). Leistungs motivation in Hochleistungs sport. Ihre Aktualisierung und Entwicklung. (Achievement motivation in top-level sport. Current interest and development). Schorndorf, Karl Hofmann.
  • Gillet, N., Berjot, S., Vallerand, R.J., & Amoura, S. (2012). The role of autonomy support and motivation in the prediction of interest and dropout intentions in sport and education settings, Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 34 (3), 278-186.
  • Gould, D., Feltz, D., Horn, T., & Weiss, M. (1982). Reasons for attrition in competitive youth swimming. Journal of Sport Behavior, 5(3), 155–165.
  • Gould, D., & Horn, T. (1984). Participation motivation in young athletes. In J. M. Silva and R. S. Weinberg (Eds.). Psychological foundations of sport (pp 359-370). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Gould, D., Medbery, R., & Tuffey, S. (2001). Sources of fun and no fun in age group swimmers. Journal of Swimming Research, 15, 1-11.
  • Gould, D., Udry, E., Tuffey, S., & Loehr, J. (1996). Burnout in competitive junior tennis players: I. A quantitative psychological assessment. The Sport Psychologist, 10, 322–340.
  • Guzmán, J. F., & Kingston, K. (2012). Prospective study of sport dropout: A motivational analysis as a function of age and gender. European Journal of Sport Science, 12:431-442.
  • Harter, S. (1978). Effectance motivation reconsidered: toward a developmental model. Human Development, 21, 34–64.
  • Heydari, H (2014). Http://skatenaghshjahan.ir
  • Johns, D. P., Lindner, K. J., & Wolkof, K. (1990). Understanding attribution in female competitive gymnastics: applying social exchange theory. Sociology of Sport Journal, 7,154-17.
  • Kreim, G. & Mayer, R. (1985). Abbruch der Sportlichen Karrieren im Jugendalter.(Interruption of a sports career in adolescent). Sports Wissenschaft, 15(4): 398-409.
  • Lawshe,C.H.(1975). A quantitative approach to content validity. Personnel Psychology, 28, 563-575.
  • Lemez, S., Baker, J., Horton, S., Wattie, N., & Weir, P. (2013). Examining the relationship between relative age, competition level, and dropout rates in male youth ice-hockey players. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, doi: 10.1111/sms.12127.
  • Molinero, O., Salguero, A., Alvarez, E., & Marquez, S. (2009). Reasons for dropout in youth soccer: a comparison with other team sports. European Journal of Human Movement, 22, 21-30.
  • Pelletir, L. G., Fortier, M. S., Vallerand, R. J., Briere, N. (2001). Associations among perceived autonomy support, forms of self-regulation, and persistence. A prospective study. Motivation and Emotion, 25, 279-306.
  • Pereira, L. W; Siqueira, J . E; Wan Stadnik. A. M (2014). Motivational Factors for Skateboard Adhesion International Journal of Science Culture and Sport (3):69-78
  • Patel, D.R., & Nelson, T.L. (2000). Sports injuries in adolescents. Medical Clinics of North America, 84, 983-1007.
  • Quested, E., Ntoumanis, N., Viladrich, C., Haug, E., Ommundsen, Y., Van Hoye, A., Mercé, J., Hall, H. K., Zourbanos, N., & Duda, J.L. (2013). Intentions to drop-out of youth soccer: A test of the basic needs theory among European youth from five countries, International Journal of
  • Sport and Exercise Psychology, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2013.830431.
  • Rosenstock I. M (1966). Why people use health services, Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly l4, 94-124
  • Rowe, N. (2012) Review of the research evidence on young people and sport. Sport England Research, March 2012
  • Sarrazin, P., Vallerand, R., Guillet, E., Pelletier, L., & Cury, F. (2002). Motivation and dropout in female handballers: A 21-month prospective study. European Journal of Social Psychology, 32(3), 395-418.
  • Siesmaa, E.J., Blitvich, J.D. & Finch, C.F. (2011). A systematic review of the factors which are most influential in children’s decisions to drop out of organised sport. In A.D. Farelli (Ed.), Sport Participation: Health Benefits, Injuries, and Psychological Effects (pp. 1–45). Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
  • Sisjord, M. K. (1993). Personal experiences from organized sport, comparisons between participants and drop-outs. Norges idrettshøgskole.
  • Slater, A. & Tiggemann, M. (2010) “Uncool to do sport”: A focus group study of adolescent girls’ reasons for withdrawing from physical activity. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 11 (6), 619-626. ISSN 1469-0292.
  • Vorobjev, E. (1994). A medical report from the sports congress in Helsinki in 1994. Too early specialisation in children and youth sport. Helsingfors.
  • Walsh, R. (2011). Lifestyle and mental health. American Psychologist, 66, 579-592.
  • Weinberg, R. S., & Gould, D. (2003). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • World Health Organization. (2014). Global strategy on diet, physical activity and health. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/pa/en/
Yıl 2014, Cilt 2 - Sayı 4, 89 - 102, 18.04.2015
https://doi.org/10.14486/IJSCS214

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Ames, C. (1992). Achievement Goals, Motivational Climate, and Motivational Processes', in G. Roberts (ed.) Motivation in Sport and Exercise, pp. 161–176, Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics
  • Ajzen, I (1991). The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 50, 179-211 (1991)
  • Arent, S. M., Landers, D. M., & Etnier, J. L. (2000). The effects of exercise on mood in older adults: A meta-analytic review. Journal of
  • Aging and Physical Activity, 8(4), 407–430.
  • Augustini, M., & Trabal, P. (1995). A case study of withdrawal from French boxing. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 34 (1), 69-74.
  • Barnett, N. P., Smoll, F. L., & Smith, R. E. (1992). Effects of enhancing coach-athlete relationship on youth sport attrition. Sport Psychologist, 6, 111-127.
  • Biddle, S.J.H., & Mutrie, N. (2001). Psychology of Physical activity: determinants, wellbeing and interventions. London: Routledge.
  • Biddle, Gorely, Marshall, Murdey & Cameron (2014) Physical activity and sedentary behaviours in youth: issues and controversies. The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health January 2004 124: 29-33
  • Butcher, J., Lindner, K., & Johns, D. P. (2002). Withdrawal from competitive youth sports: a retrospective ten-year study. Journal of Sport Behavior, 25, 145-164.
  • Bussmann, G. (1995). How to prevent “dropout” in competitive sport. New Studies in Athletics, 1: 23-29.
  • Davis, C. L., Tomporowski, P. D., McDowell, J. E., Austin, B. P., Miller, P. H., Yanasak, N. E., Allison, J. D., & Naglieri, J. A. (2011). Exercise improves executive function and achievement and alters brain activation in overweight children: A randomized, controlled trial. Health Psychology, 30(1), 91–98.
  • Enoksen, E. (2002). Talent development in sport. longitudinal and retrospective study of a selected group of promising track and field athletes, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences. Oslo.
  • Enoksen, E. (2011). Drop-out Rate and Drop-out Reasons Among Promising Norwegian Track and Field Athletes. Scandinavian Sport Studies Forum, 2: 19-43.
  • Field, L., Steinhart, M. (1992). The relationship of internally directed behavior to self- reinforcement, self-esteem and expectancy value for exercise, American Journal of Health Promotion, 7, 21-27.
  • Figueiredo, A.J, Gonçalves, C.E., Coelho, e., Silva, M.J., & Malina, R.M. (2009). Characteristics of youth soccer players who drop out, persist or move up, Journal of Sports Sciences. 27, 883–891.
  • Folsom, A.R, Arnett, D.K, Hutchinson, R.G., Liao, F., Clegg, L.X., & Cooper, L.S. (1997). Physical activity and incidence of coronary heart disease in middle. Medicine and Science in Sports Exercise, 29, 901-909.
  • Fraser-Thomas, J., Côté, J., & Deakin, J. (2008). Understanding dropout and prolonged engagement in adolescent competitive sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise,9, 645-662.
  • Gabler, H. (1981). Leistungs motivation in Hochleistungs sport. Ihre Aktualisierung und Entwicklung. (Achievement motivation in top-level sport. Current interest and development). Schorndorf, Karl Hofmann.
  • Gillet, N., Berjot, S., Vallerand, R.J., & Amoura, S. (2012). The role of autonomy support and motivation in the prediction of interest and dropout intentions in sport and education settings, Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 34 (3), 278-186.
  • Gould, D., Feltz, D., Horn, T., & Weiss, M. (1982). Reasons for attrition in competitive youth swimming. Journal of Sport Behavior, 5(3), 155–165.
  • Gould, D., & Horn, T. (1984). Participation motivation in young athletes. In J. M. Silva and R. S. Weinberg (Eds.). Psychological foundations of sport (pp 359-370). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Gould, D., Medbery, R., & Tuffey, S. (2001). Sources of fun and no fun in age group swimmers. Journal of Swimming Research, 15, 1-11.
  • Gould, D., Udry, E., Tuffey, S., & Loehr, J. (1996). Burnout in competitive junior tennis players: I. A quantitative psychological assessment. The Sport Psychologist, 10, 322–340.
  • Guzmán, J. F., & Kingston, K. (2012). Prospective study of sport dropout: A motivational analysis as a function of age and gender. European Journal of Sport Science, 12:431-442.
  • Harter, S. (1978). Effectance motivation reconsidered: toward a developmental model. Human Development, 21, 34–64.
  • Heydari, H (2014). Http://skatenaghshjahan.ir
  • Johns, D. P., Lindner, K. J., & Wolkof, K. (1990). Understanding attribution in female competitive gymnastics: applying social exchange theory. Sociology of Sport Journal, 7,154-17.
  • Kreim, G. & Mayer, R. (1985). Abbruch der Sportlichen Karrieren im Jugendalter.(Interruption of a sports career in adolescent). Sports Wissenschaft, 15(4): 398-409.
  • Lawshe,C.H.(1975). A quantitative approach to content validity. Personnel Psychology, 28, 563-575.
  • Lemez, S., Baker, J., Horton, S., Wattie, N., & Weir, P. (2013). Examining the relationship between relative age, competition level, and dropout rates in male youth ice-hockey players. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, doi: 10.1111/sms.12127.
  • Molinero, O., Salguero, A., Alvarez, E., & Marquez, S. (2009). Reasons for dropout in youth soccer: a comparison with other team sports. European Journal of Human Movement, 22, 21-30.
  • Pelletir, L. G., Fortier, M. S., Vallerand, R. J., Briere, N. (2001). Associations among perceived autonomy support, forms of self-regulation, and persistence. A prospective study. Motivation and Emotion, 25, 279-306.
  • Pereira, L. W; Siqueira, J . E; Wan Stadnik. A. M (2014). Motivational Factors for Skateboard Adhesion International Journal of Science Culture and Sport (3):69-78
  • Patel, D.R., & Nelson, T.L. (2000). Sports injuries in adolescents. Medical Clinics of North America, 84, 983-1007.
  • Quested, E., Ntoumanis, N., Viladrich, C., Haug, E., Ommundsen, Y., Van Hoye, A., Mercé, J., Hall, H. K., Zourbanos, N., & Duda, J.L. (2013). Intentions to drop-out of youth soccer: A test of the basic needs theory among European youth from five countries, International Journal of
  • Sport and Exercise Psychology, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2013.830431.
  • Rosenstock I. M (1966). Why people use health services, Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly l4, 94-124
  • Rowe, N. (2012) Review of the research evidence on young people and sport. Sport England Research, March 2012
  • Sarrazin, P., Vallerand, R., Guillet, E., Pelletier, L., & Cury, F. (2002). Motivation and dropout in female handballers: A 21-month prospective study. European Journal of Social Psychology, 32(3), 395-418.
  • Siesmaa, E.J., Blitvich, J.D. & Finch, C.F. (2011). A systematic review of the factors which are most influential in children’s decisions to drop out of organised sport. In A.D. Farelli (Ed.), Sport Participation: Health Benefits, Injuries, and Psychological Effects (pp. 1–45). Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
  • Sisjord, M. K. (1993). Personal experiences from organized sport, comparisons between participants and drop-outs. Norges idrettshøgskole.
  • Slater, A. & Tiggemann, M. (2010) “Uncool to do sport”: A focus group study of adolescent girls’ reasons for withdrawing from physical activity. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 11 (6), 619-626. ISSN 1469-0292.
  • Vorobjev, E. (1994). A medical report from the sports congress in Helsinki in 1994. Too early specialisation in children and youth sport. Helsingfors.
  • Walsh, R. (2011). Lifestyle and mental health. American Psychologist, 66, 579-592.
  • Weinberg, R. S., & Gould, D. (2003). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • World Health Organization. (2014). Global strategy on diet, physical activity and health. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/pa/en/
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Hosein Heydarı Bu kişi benim

Linda Duffy Bu kişi benim

Rokhsareh Badamı Bu kişi benim

Bahman Baluch Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 18 Nisan 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2014 Cilt 2 - Sayı 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Heydarı, H., Duffy, L., Badamı, R., Baluch, B. (2015). Dropout Reasons in Iranian Youth Roller Skaters. International Journal of Sport Culture and Science, 2(4), 89-102. https://doi.org/10.14486/IJSCS214
IntJSCS is published by International Science Culture and Sport Association (ISCSA).