ULUSLARARASI HUKUK KOMİSYONUNUN 2022 TASLAK İLKELERİ KAPSAMINDA SİLAHLI ÇATIŞMA SIRASINDA ÇEVRENİN KORUNMASI

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 500 - 527, 31.12.2025

Seher Çakan

https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.1757998

https://izlik.org/JA92ZR76LN

Öz

Silahlı çatışmalar esnasında çevreye ciddi zararlar verilebilmektedir. Bazen bu zararlar kasıtlı verilirken bazen de dolaylı olarak çevre zarar görebilmektedir. Çevrenin silahlı çatışmalarda korunmasına yönelik ilk düzenlemeler 1949 Cenevre Sözleşmelerine 1977 Ek Protokol I ve 1976 Çevre Değiştirme Tekniklerinin Askeri veya Düşmanca Kullanımının Yasaklanması Sözleşmesi kapsamında yapılmıştır. Bu düzenlemelerde yer alan hükümlerle birlikte, çevre silahlı çatışmalar esnasında doğrudan koruma altına alınmıştır. Bu düzenlemeler dışında kalan hükümler ise, dolaylı olarak çevreye silahlı çatışmalar esnasında koruma sağlar. Uluslararası hukuk Komisyonu silahlı çatışmalar sırasında çevrenin korunmasını sağlamak ve güçlendirmek amacıyla yetmiş üçüncü oturumunda ve ikinci okumada silahlı çatışmalarda çevrenin korunmasına ilişkin taslak ilkeleri ve şerhleri kabul ederek çevrenin silahlı çatışmalarda korunmasına yönelik detaylı ve kapsamlı bir düzenlemeyi kabul etmiştir. Bu çalışmada Uluslararası Hukuk Komisyonu’nun 2022 Taslak İlkeleri çerçevesinde silahlı çatışma sırasında çevrenin korunması detaylı bir şekilde ele alınmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmada 2022 Taslak İlkeleri ile mevcut silahlı çatışmalar hukuku kapsamındaki hükümlerle birlikte değerlendirme yapılmaktadır. Çalışma iki bölümden oluşmaktadır: genel olarak taslak ilkeler ile 2022 Taslak İlkeler çerçevesinde silahlı çatışmalar esnasında çevrenin korunması.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Uluslararası Hukuk Komisyonu , 2022 Taslak İlkeler , Silahlı Çatışmalar Hukuku , Çevre , Çevrenin Korunması.

PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT DURING ARMED CONFLICT UNDER THE 2022 DRAFT PRINCIPLES OF THE INTERNATIONAL LAW COMMISSION

https://izlik.org/JA92ZR76LN

Öz

The environment can suffer significant harm during military conflicts. Sometimes, this damage is done intentionally, and the environment may occasionally suffer indirect harm. “The 1976 Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques” and “the 1977 Additional Protocol I to the 1949 Geneva Conventions” contain provisions for protecting the environment in the course of armed situations. During armed conflict, the provisions in these instruments directly protect the environment. Other provisions aim to provide indirect environmental protection during armed situations. At its 73rd session and second reading, “the International Law Commission” adopted draft principles and commentaries on preserving the environment during wartime, thereby adopting a comprehensive and detailed instrument for protecting the environment. This was done to ensure and enhance environmental protection during wartime. This study examines “the protection of the environment during armed conflict” within the scope of “the 2022 Draft Principles of the International Law Commission.” In this regard, the study assesses the provisions under the current law of armed conflict as well as the 2022 Draft Principles. The study generally consists of two main headings: the draft principles and the preservation of the environment during armed conflict within the framework of “the 2022 Draft Principles.”

Anahtar Kelimeler

International Law Commission , 2022 Draft Principles , Law of Armed Conflict , Environment , Protection of the Environment

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