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BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER’İN COVID-19 İLE MÜCADELE SINAVI

Yıl 2020, , 527 - 541, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.741990

Öz

II. Dünya Savaşı’ndan bu yana karşılaştığı en büyük küresel sorun olan Covid-19 ile mücadele konusunda bugüne kadar etkili bir çözüm üretememiş olması, zaten ciddi anlamda sorgulanmakta olan Birleşmiş Milletler’in varlık sebebini tekrar tartışmaya açmıştır. Benzer şekilde Birleşmiş Milletler’in uzmanlık kuruluşu olan Dünya Sağlık Örgütü de kendisinden beklenen performansı gösterememiş; ağır eleştirilere maruz kalmıştır. ABD, özellikle Covid-19 nedeniyle suçladığı Çin konusunda etkili soruşturma yapmadığı, görevini gereği gibi yerine getirmediği için Örgüt’e sağladıkları fonu askıya alma kararı almıştır. Sözkonusu durum, evrensel düzeyde kolektif tedbirlerin alınmasını zorlaştırmaktadır. Uluslararası barış ve güvenliğin korunmasında başlıca sorumluluk verilen Birleşmiş Milletler Güvenlik Konseyi, daimi üyelerin karşılıklı suçlamaları ve görüş ayrılıkları nedeniyle pandemi ile mücadelede etkili kararlar alamamıştır. Öte yandan, salgından en fazla etkilenen devletlerin Güvenlik Konseyi’nin daimi üyeleri olması da ironiktir. Devletlerin sınırlarını kapatarak tek yanlı mücadele yöntemleri yerine işbirliğine dayalı yöntemler ile mücadele etmesi konusunda Birleşmiş Milletler’in en kısa sürede harekete geçmesi beklenmektedir. Covid-19 salgını sonrası ortaya çıkacak sosyo-ekonomik krizler ancak küresel işbirliği ile aşılabilecektir.

Kaynakça

  • BONNET, François: “Salgın BM Güvenlik Konseyi’ni Felç Etti, BM’nin Geleceği Tehlikede”, https://medyascope.tv/2020/05/01/mediapart-salgin-bm-guvenlik-konseyini-felc-etti-bmnin-gelecegi-tehlikede/ (12.04.2020)
  • DE WET, Erica: The Chapter VII Povers of the United Nations Security Council, Studies in International Law, Hart Publishing, 2014, s.176.
  • HABIBI Roojin/BURCI Gian Luca/DE CAMPOS Thana, vd.: “Do not violate the International Health during the COVID-19 outbreak”, The Lancet, February 13, 2020, https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30373-1/fulltex (12.04.2020)
  • HALATÇI ULUSOY, Ülkü:Terörizmin Finansmanının Önlenmesi Kapsamında Birleşmiş Milletler Akıllı Yaptırımları, Turhan Kitabevi, Ankara, 2014, s.25.
  • KURTDARCAN, Bleda/MUMCU, Özgür: “Covid-19’un Düşündürdükleri: Uluslararası Hukukun Pandemiyle Mücadele Rejimine Genel Bir Bakış”, https://galatasaray.academia.edu/BledaKurtdarcan (15.05.2020)
  • MENGİLER, Özgür: BM Çerçevesinde Uluslararası Uyuşmazlıkların Barışçı Çözümü, Basılmamış Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Uluslararası İlişkiler Anabilim Dalı, Ankara, 2002.
  • MORGHENTAU, Hans J.: Uluslararası Politika II, Türk Siyasi İlimler Derneği Yayınları, (Çev: Baskın Oran; Ünsal Oskay), Sevinç Matbaası, Ankara, 1970.
  • MOUSTAFA, Fouad Rana: The Legal Duty to Cooperate amid COVID-19: A Missed Opportunity? https://www.ejiltalk.org/the-legal-duty-to-cooperate-amid-covid-19-a-missed-opportunity/ (13.04.2020)
  • SAMANCI, Uğur: “Uluslararası Sağlık Tüzüğü (2005) ve Hukuki Niteliği”, D.E.Ü. Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 16(2), 2014, s.115.
  • SHAW, Malcolm, N.: Uluslararası Hukuk, TÜBA Yayınları, (Çeviri Editörü: İbrahim Kaya, Çevirenler: Yücel Acer, İbrahim Kaya, M. Turgut Demirtepe, G. Engin Şimşek), 2018, Ankara, s.895.
  • Vice President Al Gore first statement Security Council Meeting on AIDS in Africa/ SC 6781 (2000). https://www.un.org/en/coronavirus/un-secretary-general (15.04.2020)
  • https://onu.delegfrance.org/UN-Security-Council-elements-to-the-press-on-COVID-19 (20.03.2020)
  • https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files/china/news/article/covid-19-china-q-r-from-the-press-briefing- 15-apr-2020 (28.04.2020)
  • https://www.who.int/ihr/publications/9789241580496/en/ (15.05.2020)
  • https://medyascope.tv/2020/05/01/yeni-zelandanin-koronaviruse-karsi-birles-stratejisinden-neler-ogrenebiliriz-eski-yeni-zelanda-basbakani-helen-clark-ve-prof-michael-baker-ile-soylesi/ (15.05.2020)
  • https://www.npr.org/transcripts/835485122 (12.05.2020)
  • https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjb_663304/zwjg_665342/zwbd_665378/t1774399.shtml
  • https://apnews.com/9f229ec3e785bd5d8742fc94b0d3ac41
  • https://twitter.com/franceonu/status/1248346989747736591 (13.05.2020)
  • https://apnews.com/c2bf4e47aecf3bbc33bfcb12e3a84c26 (12.04.2020)
  • https://apnews.com/2bf4e47aecf3bbc33bfcb12e3a84c26 (20.04.2020)
  • https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019 (erişim tarihi 16.03.2020)
  • https://www.livescience.com/pandemic.html (21.03.2020)
  • https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/role-un-secretary-general (03.04.2020)
  • https://www.un.org/ruleoflaw/blog/document/an-agenda-for-peace-preventive-diplomacy-peacemaking-and-peace-keeping-report-of-the-secretary-general/ (21.04.2020)
  • https://undocs.org/A/59/2005 (22.04.2020)
  • https://www.un.org/en/global-health-crises-task-force/
  • https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/statement/2020-04-09/secretary-generals-remarks-the-security-council-the-covid-19-pandemic-delivered (31.03.2020)
  • https://www.un.org/en/ga/69/resolutions.shtml (14.04.2020)
  • https://ebolaresponse.un.org/un-mission-ebola-emergency-response-unmeer (13.04.2020)
  • https://medyascope.tv/2020/05/01/mediapart-salgin-bm-guvenlik-konseyini-felc-etti-bmnin-gelecegi-tehlikede/ (15.04.2020)
  • https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/03/1059972 (20.04.2020)
  • https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/04/1061502 (15.04.2020)
  • https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/coronavirus-un-chief-antonio-guterres-calls-for-security-council-unity-over-pandemic-2209291 (15.04.2020)
  • https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-us-canada-52496983/coronavirus-lack-of-co-ordination-let-virus-spread-un-s-guterres (16.04.2020)
  • https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf (12.05.2020)
  • https://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/otherdocs/GAres377A(v).pdf (12.04.2020)
  • https://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/otherdocs/GAres377A(v).pdf (14.04.2020)
  • https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/74/270 (20.04.2020)
  • https://www.turkishjournal.com/2020/04/02/bmde-covid-19-ile-mucadele-icin-kuresel-koordinasyon-tasarisi/ (15.05.2020)
  • https://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/141/141-20100722-ADV-01-00-EN.pdf (20.04.2020)
  • https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/un-documents/document/sres2177.php (21.04.2020)
  • http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/1308 (15.04.2020)
  • https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/sub_landing/files/20110607_UNSC-Resolution1983.pdf (22.04.2020)
  • https://www.unaids.org/en/aboutunaids/unitednationsdeclarationsandgoals/unsecuritycouncilresolutions (12.04.2020)
  • https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/un-documents/document/sres2177.php (10.04.2020)
  • https://www.whatsinblue.org/2020/04/international-peace-and-security-and-the-covid-19-pandemic-security-council-precedents-and-options.php (12.04.2020)
  • http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/2409 (13.04.2020)
  • http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/2439 (13.04.2020)
  • https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/un-documents/health-crises/ (12.04.2020)
  • https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/content/current-members (15.04.2020)

THE CHALLANGE OF UNITED NATIONS IN RESPONDING TO COVID-19

Yıl 2020, , 527 - 541, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.741990

Öz

The fact that it has not been able to produce an effective solution to combat Covid-19, which is the biggest global problem it has faced since World War, has opened up the reason for the existence of the United Nations, which is already seriously questioned. Similarly, the World Health Organization, which is the specialization institution of the United Nations, did not show the performance expected from it; it was subjected to severe criticism. The USA has decided to suspend the fund they have provided to the Organization, especially since it did not conduct an effective investigation on China, which it accused of Covid-19, and did not perform its duties properly. This situation makes it difficult to take collective measures at a universal level. The United Nations Security Council, which has been given the primary responsibility for the protection of international peace and security, could not act due to the mutual accusations and disagreements of permanent members. On the other hand, it is ironic that the states most affected by the outbreak are permanent members of the Security Council. It is expected that the United Nations will take action as soon as possible to prevent the states from closing their borders and fighting cooperative methods instead of unilateral methods of struggle. The socio-economic crises that will emerge after the Covid-19 outbreak can only be overcome with global cooperation.

Kaynakça

  • BONNET, François: “Salgın BM Güvenlik Konseyi’ni Felç Etti, BM’nin Geleceği Tehlikede”, https://medyascope.tv/2020/05/01/mediapart-salgin-bm-guvenlik-konseyini-felc-etti-bmnin-gelecegi-tehlikede/ (12.04.2020)
  • DE WET, Erica: The Chapter VII Povers of the United Nations Security Council, Studies in International Law, Hart Publishing, 2014, s.176.
  • HABIBI Roojin/BURCI Gian Luca/DE CAMPOS Thana, vd.: “Do not violate the International Health during the COVID-19 outbreak”, The Lancet, February 13, 2020, https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30373-1/fulltex (12.04.2020)
  • HALATÇI ULUSOY, Ülkü:Terörizmin Finansmanının Önlenmesi Kapsamında Birleşmiş Milletler Akıllı Yaptırımları, Turhan Kitabevi, Ankara, 2014, s.25.
  • KURTDARCAN, Bleda/MUMCU, Özgür: “Covid-19’un Düşündürdükleri: Uluslararası Hukukun Pandemiyle Mücadele Rejimine Genel Bir Bakış”, https://galatasaray.academia.edu/BledaKurtdarcan (15.05.2020)
  • MENGİLER, Özgür: BM Çerçevesinde Uluslararası Uyuşmazlıkların Barışçı Çözümü, Basılmamış Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Uluslararası İlişkiler Anabilim Dalı, Ankara, 2002.
  • MORGHENTAU, Hans J.: Uluslararası Politika II, Türk Siyasi İlimler Derneği Yayınları, (Çev: Baskın Oran; Ünsal Oskay), Sevinç Matbaası, Ankara, 1970.
  • MOUSTAFA, Fouad Rana: The Legal Duty to Cooperate amid COVID-19: A Missed Opportunity? https://www.ejiltalk.org/the-legal-duty-to-cooperate-amid-covid-19-a-missed-opportunity/ (13.04.2020)
  • SAMANCI, Uğur: “Uluslararası Sağlık Tüzüğü (2005) ve Hukuki Niteliği”, D.E.Ü. Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 16(2), 2014, s.115.
  • SHAW, Malcolm, N.: Uluslararası Hukuk, TÜBA Yayınları, (Çeviri Editörü: İbrahim Kaya, Çevirenler: Yücel Acer, İbrahim Kaya, M. Turgut Demirtepe, G. Engin Şimşek), 2018, Ankara, s.895.
  • Vice President Al Gore first statement Security Council Meeting on AIDS in Africa/ SC 6781 (2000). https://www.un.org/en/coronavirus/un-secretary-general (15.04.2020)
  • https://onu.delegfrance.org/UN-Security-Council-elements-to-the-press-on-COVID-19 (20.03.2020)
  • https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files/china/news/article/covid-19-china-q-r-from-the-press-briefing- 15-apr-2020 (28.04.2020)
  • https://www.who.int/ihr/publications/9789241580496/en/ (15.05.2020)
  • https://medyascope.tv/2020/05/01/yeni-zelandanin-koronaviruse-karsi-birles-stratejisinden-neler-ogrenebiliriz-eski-yeni-zelanda-basbakani-helen-clark-ve-prof-michael-baker-ile-soylesi/ (15.05.2020)
  • https://www.npr.org/transcripts/835485122 (12.05.2020)
  • https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjb_663304/zwjg_665342/zwbd_665378/t1774399.shtml
  • https://apnews.com/9f229ec3e785bd5d8742fc94b0d3ac41
  • https://twitter.com/franceonu/status/1248346989747736591 (13.05.2020)
  • https://apnews.com/c2bf4e47aecf3bbc33bfcb12e3a84c26 (12.04.2020)
  • https://apnews.com/2bf4e47aecf3bbc33bfcb12e3a84c26 (20.04.2020)
  • https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019 (erişim tarihi 16.03.2020)
  • https://www.livescience.com/pandemic.html (21.03.2020)
  • https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/role-un-secretary-general (03.04.2020)
  • https://www.un.org/ruleoflaw/blog/document/an-agenda-for-peace-preventive-diplomacy-peacemaking-and-peace-keeping-report-of-the-secretary-general/ (21.04.2020)
  • https://undocs.org/A/59/2005 (22.04.2020)
  • https://www.un.org/en/global-health-crises-task-force/
  • https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/statement/2020-04-09/secretary-generals-remarks-the-security-council-the-covid-19-pandemic-delivered (31.03.2020)
  • https://www.un.org/en/ga/69/resolutions.shtml (14.04.2020)
  • https://ebolaresponse.un.org/un-mission-ebola-emergency-response-unmeer (13.04.2020)
  • https://medyascope.tv/2020/05/01/mediapart-salgin-bm-guvenlik-konseyini-felc-etti-bmnin-gelecegi-tehlikede/ (15.04.2020)
  • https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/03/1059972 (20.04.2020)
  • https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/04/1061502 (15.04.2020)
  • https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/coronavirus-un-chief-antonio-guterres-calls-for-security-council-unity-over-pandemic-2209291 (15.04.2020)
  • https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-us-canada-52496983/coronavirus-lack-of-co-ordination-let-virus-spread-un-s-guterres (16.04.2020)
  • https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf (12.05.2020)
  • https://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/otherdocs/GAres377A(v).pdf (12.04.2020)
  • https://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/otherdocs/GAres377A(v).pdf (14.04.2020)
  • https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/74/270 (20.04.2020)
  • https://www.turkishjournal.com/2020/04/02/bmde-covid-19-ile-mucadele-icin-kuresel-koordinasyon-tasarisi/ (15.05.2020)
  • https://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/141/141-20100722-ADV-01-00-EN.pdf (20.04.2020)
  • https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/un-documents/document/sres2177.php (21.04.2020)
  • http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/1308 (15.04.2020)
  • https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/sub_landing/files/20110607_UNSC-Resolution1983.pdf (22.04.2020)
  • https://www.unaids.org/en/aboutunaids/unitednationsdeclarationsandgoals/unsecuritycouncilresolutions (12.04.2020)
  • https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/un-documents/document/sres2177.php (10.04.2020)
  • https://www.whatsinblue.org/2020/04/international-peace-and-security-and-the-covid-19-pandemic-security-council-precedents-and-options.php (12.04.2020)
  • http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/2409 (13.04.2020)
  • http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/2439 (13.04.2020)
  • https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/un-documents/health-crises/ (12.04.2020)
  • https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/content/current-members (15.04.2020)
Toplam 51 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Hukuk
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ülkü Halatçı Ulusoy 0000-0002-3507-4339

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 23 Mayıs 2020
Kabul Tarihi 18 Ekim 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020

Kaynak Göster

APA Halatçı Ulusoy, Ü. (2020). BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER’İN COVID-19 İLE MÜCADELE SINAVI. İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2), 527-541. https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.741990
AMA Halatçı Ulusoy Ü. BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER’İN COVID-19 İLE MÜCADELE SINAVI. İnÜHFD. Aralık 2020;11(2):527-541. doi:10.21492/inuhfd.741990
Chicago Halatçı Ulusoy, Ülkü. “BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER’İN COVID-19 İLE MÜCADELE SINAVI”. İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 11, sy. 2 (Aralık 2020): 527-41. https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.741990.
EndNote Halatçı Ulusoy Ü (01 Aralık 2020) BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER’İN COVID-19 İLE MÜCADELE SINAVI. İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 11 2 527–541.
IEEE Ü. Halatçı Ulusoy, “BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER’İN COVID-19 İLE MÜCADELE SINAVI”, İnÜHFD, c. 11, sy. 2, ss. 527–541, 2020, doi: 10.21492/inuhfd.741990.
ISNAD Halatçı Ulusoy, Ülkü. “BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER’İN COVID-19 İLE MÜCADELE SINAVI”. İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 11/2 (Aralık 2020), 527-541. https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.741990.
JAMA Halatçı Ulusoy Ü. BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER’İN COVID-19 İLE MÜCADELE SINAVI. İnÜHFD. 2020;11:527–541.
MLA Halatçı Ulusoy, Ülkü. “BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER’İN COVID-19 İLE MÜCADELE SINAVI”. İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 11, sy. 2, 2020, ss. 527-41, doi:10.21492/inuhfd.741990.
Vancouver Halatçı Ulusoy Ü. BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER’İN COVID-19 İLE MÜCADELE SINAVI. İnÜHFD. 2020;11(2):527-41.