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Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi Uzlaşma Kurumunu Neden Kabul Etmeli?

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 459 - 488, 13.07.2016

Öz

Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi, 2002’de kurulmasından bu yana failleri ve azmettirenleri adalet önüne getirmekte sorunlar yaşamakta. Özellikle hukuksal, usule ilişkin ve ekonomik içerikli bu sorunlara yönelik pek çok çözüm yöntemi tartışılmış bulunmaktadır. Uzlaşma kurumu da bu çözüm yöntemlerinden birisidir. Gerek iç hukukta gerekse uluslararası hukukta tartışmalı olan bu kurum, Eski Yugoslavya Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi ve Ruanda Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi gibi diğer uluslararası mahkemeler tarafından uygulanmaktadır. Öte yandan, uzlaşma kurumunun hatalı kullanımı hukukçuları kuşkuya sevk etmiştir. Bu makalede, Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesinin uzlaşma kurumunu kabul etmesi ihtimali tartışılacaktır. Bu bağlamda, dünyanın en ağır ihlallerine karşı mağdurlara adalet sunulması bakımından kurumun olumlu ve olumsuz yönleri incelenecektir

Kaynakça

  • Assembly of State Parties, ‘Report of the Court on Impact of Measures to Bring the Level of the International Criminal Court’s Budget for 2014 in Line with the Level of the 2013 Approved Budget’, ICC-ASP/12/1, (29.06.2013).
  • Bassiouni, M. Cherif (1996) ‘Searching for Peace and Achieving Justice: the Need for Accountability’, Law and Contemporary Problems, 59(4), pp.9-28.
  • Cassese, Antonio (2011) ‘Reflections of International Criminal Justice’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 9(1), pp.271-275. Clark, Phil (2010) The Gacaca Courts, Post-Genocide Justice and Reconciliation in Rwanda, Cambridge: Cambridge U.P.
  • Clark, Theresa Marie (2003) ‘Transplant Justıce?: The Effıcacy of a Purely Common Law Concept in the International Criminal Forum’, (2003) 9 Buffalo Human Rıghts Law Review 75.
  • Combs, Nancy A. (2002) ‘Copping a Plea to Genocide: The Plea Bargaining of International Crimes’, University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 151(1), pp.1-157.
  • Combs, Nancy A. (2007) Guilty Pleas in International Criminal Law: Constructing a Restorative Justice Approach, California: Stanford U.P.
  • Cook, Julian A. (2005) ‘Plea Bargaining at the Hague’, The Yale Journal of International Law, 30(2), pp.473-506.
  • Cryer, Robert / Friman, Hakan / Robinson, Darryl / Wilmshurst, Elizabeth (2010) An Introduction to International Criminal Law and Procedure, Cambridge U.P.
  • Damaska, Mirjan (2004) ‘Negotiated Justice in International Criminal Courts’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 2(4), pp.1018-1039.
  • Damaska, Mirjan (2009) “The International Criminal Court between Aspiration and Achievement”, University of California Los Angeles Journal of International Law and Foreign Affairs, 14(1), pp.19-36.
  • Dinstein, Y., Non-International Armed Conflicts in International Law, Cambridge U.P., 2014, p. 177.
  • Fischer, Peter G. (2003) ‘The Victims’ Trust Fund of the International Criminal Court – Formation of a Functional Reparations Scheme’, Emory International Law Review, 17(1), pp.187-240.
  • Friman, Hakan (2008) ‘Cooperation with the International Criminal Court: Some Thoughts on Improvements under the Current Regime’, in M. Politi & F. Gioia (eds.), The International Criminal Court and National Jurisdictions, Aldershot: Ashgate, at 93-103.
  • Funk, T.M. (2010) Victims’ Rights and Advocacy at the International Criminal Court, Oxford U.P., at 128.
  • Gray, Kevin R. (2004) ‘Evidence before the ICC’, in D. McGoldrick, D. (ed.), The Permanent International Court, Portland: Hart Publishing, at 287-314.
  • Henham, Ralph (2005) ‘The Ethics of Plea Bargaining in International Criminal Trials’, Liverpool Law Review, 26(3), at 209-224.
  • Khan, S. Ahmed (2007) Right of Victims Reparation by International Criminal Court, New Delhi: APH Publishing.
  • Koskenniemi, Martti (2002) ‘Between Impunity and Show Trials’, Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law, 6(1), at 1-35.
  • Kovarovic, Kate (2011) ‘Pleading for Justice: The Availability of Plea Bargaining as a Method of Alternative Dispute Resolution at the International Criminal Court’, Journal of Dispute Resolution, 2011(2), at 283-308.
  • Kristjánsdóttir, Edda (2009) ‘International Mass Claims Processes and the ICC Trust Fund for Victims’, in Ferstan, C., Goetz, M. and Stephens, A. (eds.) Reparations for Victims of Genocide, War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity, Boston: Martinus Nijhoff, at 167-195.
  • Krog, Antjie (2000) Country of My Skull: Guilt, Sorrow, and the Limits of Forgiveness in the New South Africa, New York: Three River Press.
  • Lord Clyde (2004) ‘Justice Seen to be Done’, in Hoskins, M. and Robinson, W. (eds.), A True European: Essays for Judge David Edward, Portland: Hart Publishing, at 21-30.
  • May, Richard / Wierda, Marieke (1999) ‘Trend in international Criminal Evidence: Nuremberg, Tokyo, the Hague, and Arusha’, Colombia Journal of Transnational Law, 37(3).
  • Meltzer, Bernard D. (1996) ‘War Crimes: The Nuremberg Trial and The Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia’, Valparaiso University Law Review, 30(3), 895-912.
  • Mendes, E., Peace and Justice at the International Criminal Court: A Court of Last Resort, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2011, at 25.
  • Moffett, Luke (2014) Justice for Victims before the International Criminal Court, Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Morris, Virginia / Scharf, Michael P. (1995) An Insider Guide to the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia: A Documentary History and Analysis. Vol2., New York: Irvington-on-Hudson.
  • Pati, Roza (2009) ‘The ICC and the Case of Sudan’s Omar Al Bashir: Is Plea-Bargaining a Valid Option?’, U.C. Davis Journal of International Law & Policy, 15(2), 265-327.
  • Pollock, Jocelynn M. (2010) Ethical Dilemmas & Decisions in Criminal Justice, Belmont: Wadsworth.
  • Raper, Jessica (2005) ‘The Gacaca experiment: Rwanda’s restorative dispute resolution response to the 1994 genocide’, Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal, 5(1), 1-56.
  • Rauxloh, Regina E. (2010) ‘Negotiated History: The Historical Record in International Law and Plea Bargaining’, International Criminal Law Review, 10(5), 739-770.
  • Rauxloh, Regina E. (2011) ‘Plea Bargaining – A Necessary Tool for the International Criminal Court Procedure’, Judicature, 94(4), 178-185.
  • Rauxloh, Regina E. (2011) ‘Plea Bargaining in International Criminal Justice - Can the International Criminal Court Afford to Avoid Trials?’, The Journal of Criminal Justice Research, 1(2), 1-20.
  • Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, U.N. Doc A/CONE 183/9, (17.07.1998).
  • Rothe, Dawn / Meernik, J. David / Ingadottir, Thordis (2013) The Realities of the International Justice System, Martinus Nijhoff.
  • Safferling, Christoph (2012) International Criminal Procedure, Oxford: Oxford U.P.
  • Schabas, William A. (2012) ‘The International Criminal Court: Struggling to Find its Way’, in Cassese, A. (ed.) Realizing Utopia: The Future of International Law, Oxford: Oxford U.P., at 250-261.
  • Generally see Stahn, C. & M.M. El Zeidy (eds.), (2014) The International Criminal Court and Complementarity: From Theory to Practice, Cambridge U.P.
  • Scharf, Michael P. (2004) ‘Trading Justice for Efficiency: Plea-Bargaining and International Tribunals’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 2(4), 1070-1081.
  • Shany, Y. (2014) The Effectiveness of International Courts, Oxford U.P., p. 233.
  • Smith, Douglas A. (1986) ‘The Plea Bargaining Controversy’, The Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 77(3), 949-968.
  • Struett, M.J., (2008) The Politics of Constructing the International Criminal Court: NGOs, Discourse, and Agency, Palgrave Macmillan, at 174.
  • Tieger, Alan / Shin, Milbert (2005) ‘Plea Agreement in the ICTY: Purpose, Effects and Propriety’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 3(3), 666-679.
  • Turner, Jenia Iontcheva (2013) ’Plea Bargaining’, in Carter, L. and Pocar, F. (eds.) International Criminal Procedure: The Interface of Civil Law and Common Law Legal Systems. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 34-65.
  • U.N. Secretary-General, “Report of the independent inquiry into the actions of the United Nations during the 1994 genocide in Rwanda”, U.N. Doc S/1999/1257, (16.12.1999)

Why Should The International Criminal Court Adopt Plea Bargaining?

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 459 - 488, 13.07.2016

Öz

Since its establishment in 2002, the International Criminal Court (ICC) has faced many obstacles in bringing the instigators and perpetrators of crimes to justice. Many solutions have been offered on solving these difficulties which are mainly legal, procedural and economical. One suggestion which has been made is the issue of plea bargaining. This procedure, which is controversial both in national and international level, has already been applied by other international criminal tribunals such as the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), and International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). However, there is a danger that the misuse of plea bargaining by these international tribunals plants since of doubt on lawyers’ minds. In this article, the author discusses the possibility of the ICC adopting plea bargaining system and its proceedings. In this regard, it will also consider the pros and cons of adopting a plea bargaining system in achieving justice for the victims of the world’s most heinous atrocities

Kaynakça

  • Assembly of State Parties, ‘Report of the Court on Impact of Measures to Bring the Level of the International Criminal Court’s Budget for 2014 in Line with the Level of the 2013 Approved Budget’, ICC-ASP/12/1, (29.06.2013).
  • Bassiouni, M. Cherif (1996) ‘Searching for Peace and Achieving Justice: the Need for Accountability’, Law and Contemporary Problems, 59(4), pp.9-28.
  • Cassese, Antonio (2011) ‘Reflections of International Criminal Justice’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 9(1), pp.271-275. Clark, Phil (2010) The Gacaca Courts, Post-Genocide Justice and Reconciliation in Rwanda, Cambridge: Cambridge U.P.
  • Clark, Theresa Marie (2003) ‘Transplant Justıce?: The Effıcacy of a Purely Common Law Concept in the International Criminal Forum’, (2003) 9 Buffalo Human Rıghts Law Review 75.
  • Combs, Nancy A. (2002) ‘Copping a Plea to Genocide: The Plea Bargaining of International Crimes’, University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 151(1), pp.1-157.
  • Combs, Nancy A. (2007) Guilty Pleas in International Criminal Law: Constructing a Restorative Justice Approach, California: Stanford U.P.
  • Cook, Julian A. (2005) ‘Plea Bargaining at the Hague’, The Yale Journal of International Law, 30(2), pp.473-506.
  • Cryer, Robert / Friman, Hakan / Robinson, Darryl / Wilmshurst, Elizabeth (2010) An Introduction to International Criminal Law and Procedure, Cambridge U.P.
  • Damaska, Mirjan (2004) ‘Negotiated Justice in International Criminal Courts’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 2(4), pp.1018-1039.
  • Damaska, Mirjan (2009) “The International Criminal Court between Aspiration and Achievement”, University of California Los Angeles Journal of International Law and Foreign Affairs, 14(1), pp.19-36.
  • Dinstein, Y., Non-International Armed Conflicts in International Law, Cambridge U.P., 2014, p. 177.
  • Fischer, Peter G. (2003) ‘The Victims’ Trust Fund of the International Criminal Court – Formation of a Functional Reparations Scheme’, Emory International Law Review, 17(1), pp.187-240.
  • Friman, Hakan (2008) ‘Cooperation with the International Criminal Court: Some Thoughts on Improvements under the Current Regime’, in M. Politi & F. Gioia (eds.), The International Criminal Court and National Jurisdictions, Aldershot: Ashgate, at 93-103.
  • Funk, T.M. (2010) Victims’ Rights and Advocacy at the International Criminal Court, Oxford U.P., at 128.
  • Gray, Kevin R. (2004) ‘Evidence before the ICC’, in D. McGoldrick, D. (ed.), The Permanent International Court, Portland: Hart Publishing, at 287-314.
  • Henham, Ralph (2005) ‘The Ethics of Plea Bargaining in International Criminal Trials’, Liverpool Law Review, 26(3), at 209-224.
  • Khan, S. Ahmed (2007) Right of Victims Reparation by International Criminal Court, New Delhi: APH Publishing.
  • Koskenniemi, Martti (2002) ‘Between Impunity and Show Trials’, Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law, 6(1), at 1-35.
  • Kovarovic, Kate (2011) ‘Pleading for Justice: The Availability of Plea Bargaining as a Method of Alternative Dispute Resolution at the International Criminal Court’, Journal of Dispute Resolution, 2011(2), at 283-308.
  • Kristjánsdóttir, Edda (2009) ‘International Mass Claims Processes and the ICC Trust Fund for Victims’, in Ferstan, C., Goetz, M. and Stephens, A. (eds.) Reparations for Victims of Genocide, War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity, Boston: Martinus Nijhoff, at 167-195.
  • Krog, Antjie (2000) Country of My Skull: Guilt, Sorrow, and the Limits of Forgiveness in the New South Africa, New York: Three River Press.
  • Lord Clyde (2004) ‘Justice Seen to be Done’, in Hoskins, M. and Robinson, W. (eds.), A True European: Essays for Judge David Edward, Portland: Hart Publishing, at 21-30.
  • May, Richard / Wierda, Marieke (1999) ‘Trend in international Criminal Evidence: Nuremberg, Tokyo, the Hague, and Arusha’, Colombia Journal of Transnational Law, 37(3).
  • Meltzer, Bernard D. (1996) ‘War Crimes: The Nuremberg Trial and The Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia’, Valparaiso University Law Review, 30(3), 895-912.
  • Mendes, E., Peace and Justice at the International Criminal Court: A Court of Last Resort, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2011, at 25.
  • Moffett, Luke (2014) Justice for Victims before the International Criminal Court, Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Morris, Virginia / Scharf, Michael P. (1995) An Insider Guide to the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia: A Documentary History and Analysis. Vol2., New York: Irvington-on-Hudson.
  • Pati, Roza (2009) ‘The ICC and the Case of Sudan’s Omar Al Bashir: Is Plea-Bargaining a Valid Option?’, U.C. Davis Journal of International Law & Policy, 15(2), 265-327.
  • Pollock, Jocelynn M. (2010) Ethical Dilemmas & Decisions in Criminal Justice, Belmont: Wadsworth.
  • Raper, Jessica (2005) ‘The Gacaca experiment: Rwanda’s restorative dispute resolution response to the 1994 genocide’, Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal, 5(1), 1-56.
  • Rauxloh, Regina E. (2010) ‘Negotiated History: The Historical Record in International Law and Plea Bargaining’, International Criminal Law Review, 10(5), 739-770.
  • Rauxloh, Regina E. (2011) ‘Plea Bargaining – A Necessary Tool for the International Criminal Court Procedure’, Judicature, 94(4), 178-185.
  • Rauxloh, Regina E. (2011) ‘Plea Bargaining in International Criminal Justice - Can the International Criminal Court Afford to Avoid Trials?’, The Journal of Criminal Justice Research, 1(2), 1-20.
  • Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, U.N. Doc A/CONE 183/9, (17.07.1998).
  • Rothe, Dawn / Meernik, J. David / Ingadottir, Thordis (2013) The Realities of the International Justice System, Martinus Nijhoff.
  • Safferling, Christoph (2012) International Criminal Procedure, Oxford: Oxford U.P.
  • Schabas, William A. (2012) ‘The International Criminal Court: Struggling to Find its Way’, in Cassese, A. (ed.) Realizing Utopia: The Future of International Law, Oxford: Oxford U.P., at 250-261.
  • Generally see Stahn, C. & M.M. El Zeidy (eds.), (2014) The International Criminal Court and Complementarity: From Theory to Practice, Cambridge U.P.
  • Scharf, Michael P. (2004) ‘Trading Justice for Efficiency: Plea-Bargaining and International Tribunals’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 2(4), 1070-1081.
  • Shany, Y. (2014) The Effectiveness of International Courts, Oxford U.P., p. 233.
  • Smith, Douglas A. (1986) ‘The Plea Bargaining Controversy’, The Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 77(3), 949-968.
  • Struett, M.J., (2008) The Politics of Constructing the International Criminal Court: NGOs, Discourse, and Agency, Palgrave Macmillan, at 174.
  • Tieger, Alan / Shin, Milbert (2005) ‘Plea Agreement in the ICTY: Purpose, Effects and Propriety’, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 3(3), 666-679.
  • Turner, Jenia Iontcheva (2013) ’Plea Bargaining’, in Carter, L. and Pocar, F. (eds.) International Criminal Procedure: The Interface of Civil Law and Common Law Legal Systems. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 34-65.
  • U.N. Secretary-General, “Report of the independent inquiry into the actions of the United Nations during the 1994 genocide in Rwanda”, U.N. Doc S/1999/1257, (16.12.1999)
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Diğer ID JA35BF69RM
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Volkan Maviş Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 13 Temmuz 2016
Gönderilme Tarihi 13 Temmuz 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2014 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Maviş, V. (2016). Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi Uzlaşma Kurumunu Neden Kabul Etmeli?. İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(2), 459-488. https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.239867
AMA Maviş V. Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi Uzlaşma Kurumunu Neden Kabul Etmeli?. İnÜHFD. Temmuz 2016;5(2):459-488. doi:10.21492/inuhfd.239867
Chicago Maviş, Volkan. “Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi Uzlaşma Kurumunu Neden Kabul Etmeli?”. İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 5, sy. 2 (Temmuz 2016): 459-88. https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.239867.
EndNote Maviş V (01 Temmuz 2016) Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi Uzlaşma Kurumunu Neden Kabul Etmeli?. İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 5 2 459–488.
IEEE V. Maviş, “Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi Uzlaşma Kurumunu Neden Kabul Etmeli?”, İnÜHFD, c. 5, sy. 2, ss. 459–488, 2016, doi: 10.21492/inuhfd.239867.
ISNAD Maviş, Volkan. “Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi Uzlaşma Kurumunu Neden Kabul Etmeli?”. İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 5/2 (Temmuz 2016), 459-488. https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.239867.
JAMA Maviş V. Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi Uzlaşma Kurumunu Neden Kabul Etmeli?. İnÜHFD. 2016;5:459–488.
MLA Maviş, Volkan. “Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi Uzlaşma Kurumunu Neden Kabul Etmeli?”. İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 5, sy. 2, 2016, ss. 459-88, doi:10.21492/inuhfd.239867.
Vancouver Maviş V. Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi Uzlaşma Kurumunu Neden Kabul Etmeli?. İnÜHFD. 2016;5(2):459-88.