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LOAN CONTRACTS WITH PROFESSIONAL ATHLETES IN ROMAN LAW

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 680 - 694, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.793414

Öz

In antiquity, professional athletes were unable to cover the expenses for nutrition, training and travelling to participate competitions, unless they belonged to a wealthy family. In order to cover these expenses, they had to borrow money by concluding loan contracts. In Roman law, loan contracts with professional athletes had different features compared to ordinary loan contracts. First of all, a professional athlete did not have to pay the loan he received, unless he won victories and awards from the competitions he participated in. Another point where loan contracts with professional athletes differed from the ordinary loans is interest. In order to be able to claim interest on an ordinary loan agreement, it was necessary to extract a promise from the borrower in the form of a separate verbal contract (stipulatio), besides the ordinary loan contract. On the other hand, regarding the loan contracts with professional athletes, there was no need to conclude a stipulatio in order to demand interest, rather it was sufficient to conclude a formless pactum (agreement). Loan contracts with athletes resemble maritime loans in these aspects.

Kaynakça

  • AKURGAL, Ekrem: “Eski Yunanlılarda Spor”, Eski Çağda Ege ve İzmir, İzmir, 1993, s.74-77 [Makalenin ilk basımı: Ülkü Dergisi, (17), 1943].
  • APAYDIN İSABABAYEVA, Ayna: “Antik Edebî ve Felsefi Kaynaklarda Aulos ve Syrin ve Tercüme Problemleri”, Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi (SOBİDER), 2(2), 2015, s.53-72.
  • BEHRENDS, Okko/KNÜTEL, Rolf/KUPISCH, Berthold/SEILER, Hans Hermann: Corpus Iuris Civilis, Text und Übersertzung, auf der Grundlage der von Theodor Mommsen und Paul Krüger besorgten Textausgaben, Bd. II (1-10), C.F. Müller juristischer Verlag, Heidelberg, 1995; KNÜTEL/KUPISCH/SEILER/BEHRENDS, Bd. IV (21-27), Heidelberg, 2005.
  • BERTLING, Christoph/WASSONG, Stephan: “Striving for Athletic Excellence: A Core Value and Challange for the Profile of the Ancient and Modern Olympic Games”, The International Journal of the History of Sport, 33(4), 2016, s.434-450, DOI: 10.1080/09523367.2016.1143461 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2016.1143461) (Erişim tarihi: 08.09.2020).
  • BILLETER, Gustav: Geschichte des Zinsfusses im griechisch-römischen Altertum bis auf Justinian, Druck und Verlag von B. G. Teubner, Leipzig, 1898.
  • CORNELL, Tim J.: “On War and Games in the Ancient World”, in Barney, Robert Knight/Martyn, Scott G./Wamsley, Kevin B. (ed.), Sixth International Symposium for Olympic Research 2002, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, 2002, s.29-40.
  • CRAIG, Steve: Sports and Games of the Ancients, Greenwood Publishing Group, Westport, 2002.
  • CROWTHER, Nigel B.: “Greek Games in Republican Rome” (Greek Games), L'antiquité classique, 52, 1983, s.268-273.
  • CROWTHER, Nigel B.: “Second-Place Finishes and Lower in Greek Athletics” (Athletics), Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 90, 1992, s.97-102.
  • CROWTHER, Nigel B.: Sport in Ancient Times (Sport), Praeger, Westport, 2007.
  • ÇOKBANKİR ŞENGÜL, Nurşah: “Antikçağda Küçükasya’daki Sporcular: Sosyal Durumları, Profesyonellik ve Kentler”, Cedrus, 1, 2013, s.151-162 (http://proje.akdeniz.edu.tr/mcri/cedrus/1-2013/cedrus-9-nursah_cokbankir_sengul-antikcagda_kucuk_asyadaki_sporcular_sosyal_durumlari_profesyonellik_ve_kentler.pdf) (DOI: 10.13113/CEDRUS/20131683) (Erişim tarihi:08.09.2020).
  • DUNKLE, Roger: Gladiators: Violence and Spectacle in Ancient Rome (Gladiators), Routledge, London and New York, 2008.
  • FRIEDLAENDER, Ludwig: Darstellungen aus der Sittengeschichte Roms in der Zeit von August bis zum Ausgang der Antonine, Bd. II, 9. Aufl., Verlag von S.Hirzel, Leipzig, 1920.
  • GARDINER, Edward Norman: Athletics of the Ancient World, Ares Publishers, Inc., Chicago, 1983.
  • VON GLÜCK, Christian Friedrich: Ausführliche Erläuterung der Pandecten nach Hellfeld, Bd. 21, 1, Erlangen, Johann Jacob Palm, 1820.
  • GOLDEN, Mark: Sport in the Ancient World from A to Z (Sport), Routledge, London, 2004.
  • GREENIDGE, A.H.J.: Infamia, Its Place in Roman Public and Private Law, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1894.
  • JAKAB, Éva: “Geld und Sport, Rezeption griechischer Topoi in der römischen Jurisprudenz”, Revue Internationale de Droits de l’Antiquité (RIDA), 59, 2012, s.93-125.
  • KASER, Max: “Infamia und ignominia in den römischen Rechtsquellen.” (Infamia), Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte, romanistische Abteilung, 73, 1956, s.220-278.
  • KASER, Max: Das römische Privatrecht, das altrömische, das vorklassische und klassische Recht (RP I), erster Abschnitt, 2. Aufl., Verlag C. H. Beck, München, 1971.
  • KASER, Max: Das römische Privatrecht, die nachklassischen Entwicklungen (RP II), zweiter Abschnitt, 2. Aufl., Verlag C. H. Beck, München, 1975.
  • KYLE, Donald G.: “Greek Athletic Competitions-The Ancient Olympics and More” (Olympics), in Christesen, Paul/Kyle, Donald G. (ed.), A Companion to Sport and Spectacle in Greek and Roman Antiquity, WILEY Blackwell, Malden, 2014, s.21-35.
  • KYLE, Donald G.: Sport & Spectacle in the Ancient World (Sport), Second Edition, WILEY Blackwell, Malden, 2015.
  • LEE, Hugh M.: “Greek Sports in Rome”, in Christesen, Paul/Kyle, Donald G. (ed.), A Companion to Sport and Spectacle in Greek and Roman Antiquity, WILEY Blackwell, Malden, 2014, s.533-542.
  • LEONARD, Sugar Ray/ARKUSH, Michael: The Big Fight, My Life in and out of the Ring, Viking (Published by Penguin Group), New York, 2011.
  • LITEWSKI, Wieslaw: “Römisches Seedarlehen”, Rivista Internazionale di diritto romano e antico (IURA), 24, 1973, s.112-183.
  • MANN, Christian: “Greek Sport and Roman Identity”, in Scanlon, Thomas F. (ed.), Sport in the Greek and Roman Worlds, Vol. 2: Greek athletic Identities and Roman Sports and Spectacle, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2014, s.151-179.
  • MILLER, Stephen G.: Ancient Greek Athletics, Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 2004.
  • NEWBY, Zahra: Greek Athletics in the Roman World, Victory and Virtue, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2005.
  • OTTO, Carl Eduard/SCHILLING, Bruno/SINTENIS, Carl Friedrich Ferdinand: Das Corpus Juris Civilis in’s Deutsche Übersetzt von einem Vereine Rechtsgelehrter, Verlag von Carl Focke, Bd. I, 2. Aufl., Leipzig, 1839, Bd. II, Leipzig, 1831, Bd. IV, Leipzig, 1832, Bd. VI, Leipzig, 1832.
  • PLEKET, Henry Willy: “Zur Soziologie des antiken Sports” (Soziologie), Mededelingen van het Nederlands Instituut te Rome, 36, 1974, s.57-87 (http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/knir/#page=71&accessor=toc1&source=36&view=pdfPane) (Erişim tarihi: 08.09.2020).
  • PLEKET, Henry Willy: “The Olympic Games in antiquity” (Olympic Games), European Review, 12(3), 2004, s.401-413.
  • PLEKET, Henry Willy: “Inscriptions as Evidence in Greek Sport” (Inscriptions), in Christesen, Paul/Kyle, Donald G. (ed.), A Companion to Sport and Spectacle in Greek and Roman Antiquity, WILEY Blackwell, Malden, 2014, s.98- 111.
  • POTTER, David Stone: The Victor’s Crown: A History of Ancient Sport from Homer to Byzantium, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2012.
  • PRITCHARD, David M.: “Sport, War and Democracy in Classical Athens”, The International Journal of the History of Sport, 26(2), 2009, s.212-245 (DOI: 10.1080/09523360802513272), (http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523360802513272) (Erişim tarihi: 08.09.2020).
  • RADO, Türkân: Roma Hukuku Dersleri, Borçlar Hukuku, İstanbul 2014.
  • REISCH, Emil: “Agones”, (Agones), RE I, 1 (Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft), Alfred Druckenmüller Verlag, Stuttgart, 1893.
  • REISCH, Emil: “Athletai” (Athletai), RE II, 2 (Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft), Alfred Druckenmüller Verlag, Stuttgart, 1896.
  • REMIJSEN, Sofie: The End of Greek Athletics in Late Antiquity, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2015.
  • SZANTO, Emil: “Άσυλία”, RE II, 2 (Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft), Alfred Druckenmüller Verlag, Stuttgart, 1896.
  • TEKİN, Oğuz: Eski Yunan ve Roma Tarihine Giriş, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul, 2008.
  • TÜRKOĞLU ÖZDEMİR, Gökçe: Roma Hukukunda Infamia (Şerefsizlik), Seçkin Yayınları, Ankara, 2008.
  • UMUR, Ziya: Roma Hukuku Lügatı (Lügat), Fakülteler Matbaası, İstanbul, 1983.
  • UMUR, Ziya: Roma Hukuku, Tarihî Giriş- Kaynaklar-Umumî Mefhumlar-Hakların Himayesi (Roma Hukuku), Filiz Kitabevi, İstanbul, 1984.
  • WACKE, Andreas: Athleten als Darlehensnehmer nach römischem Recht, Studia et Documenta Historiae et Iuris (SDHI), 44, 1978, s.439-452.
  • WATSON, Alan: The Digest of Justinian, vol. I-II, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1998.
  • WIEDEMANN, Thomas: Emperors and Gladiators, Routledge, London and New York, 1995.
  • YOUNG, David C.: A Brief History of the Olympic Games, Blackwell, Malden, 2004.
  • ZIMMERMANN, Reinhard: The Law of Obligations-Roman Foundations of the Civilian Tradition, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1996.

ROMA HUKUKUNDA PROFESYONEL ATLETLER İLE YAPILAN TÜKETİM ÖDÜNCÜ SÖZLEŞMELERİ

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 680 - 694, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.793414

Öz

Antik Çağ’da varlıklı bir aileye mensup olmayan profesyonel atletler, beslenme, antrenman ve yarışmalara katılmak için seyahat etme zorunluluğundan doğan giderleri karşılama olanağından yoksundular. Bu masrafları karşılayabilmek için tüketim ödüncü sözleşmeleri yaparak para ödünç almak zorunda kalmaktaydılar. Roma hukukunda profesyonel atletler ile yapılan tüketim ödüncü sözleşmeleri, olağan tüketim ödüncü sözleşmelerine nazaran farklı özellikler taşımaktaydı. Öncelikle bir profesyonel atlet katıldığı yarışmalardan zafer ve ödül kazanmadığı sürece almış olduğu ödüncü ödemek zorunda değildi. Atletlerle yapılan tüketim ödüncü sözleşmelerinin olağan tüketim ödüncü sözleşmelerinden ayrıldığı diğer bir nokta faiz konusundaydı. Olağan bir tüketim ödüncü sözleşmesinde faiz talep edilebilmesi için bunun ödünç sözleşmesinden ayrı olarak stipulatio adı verilen sözlü şekle bağlı bir sözleşme ile ayrıca taahhüt edilmiş olması gerekiyordu. Atletler ile yapılan tüketim ödüncü sözleşmelerinde ise, şekle bağlı olmayan bir “pactum”un (anlaşmanın) yapılması, faiz talep edilebilmesi için yeterli görülüyordu ve stipulatio yapılması zorunluluğu aranmıyordu. Atletlerle yapılan tüketim ödüncü sözleşmeleri bu yönleriyle deniz ödüncü sözleşmelerine benzerlik göstermekteydi.

Kaynakça

  • AKURGAL, Ekrem: “Eski Yunanlılarda Spor”, Eski Çağda Ege ve İzmir, İzmir, 1993, s.74-77 [Makalenin ilk basımı: Ülkü Dergisi, (17), 1943].
  • APAYDIN İSABABAYEVA, Ayna: “Antik Edebî ve Felsefi Kaynaklarda Aulos ve Syrin ve Tercüme Problemleri”, Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi (SOBİDER), 2(2), 2015, s.53-72.
  • BEHRENDS, Okko/KNÜTEL, Rolf/KUPISCH, Berthold/SEILER, Hans Hermann: Corpus Iuris Civilis, Text und Übersertzung, auf der Grundlage der von Theodor Mommsen und Paul Krüger besorgten Textausgaben, Bd. II (1-10), C.F. Müller juristischer Verlag, Heidelberg, 1995; KNÜTEL/KUPISCH/SEILER/BEHRENDS, Bd. IV (21-27), Heidelberg, 2005.
  • BERTLING, Christoph/WASSONG, Stephan: “Striving for Athletic Excellence: A Core Value and Challange for the Profile of the Ancient and Modern Olympic Games”, The International Journal of the History of Sport, 33(4), 2016, s.434-450, DOI: 10.1080/09523367.2016.1143461 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2016.1143461) (Erişim tarihi: 08.09.2020).
  • BILLETER, Gustav: Geschichte des Zinsfusses im griechisch-römischen Altertum bis auf Justinian, Druck und Verlag von B. G. Teubner, Leipzig, 1898.
  • CORNELL, Tim J.: “On War and Games in the Ancient World”, in Barney, Robert Knight/Martyn, Scott G./Wamsley, Kevin B. (ed.), Sixth International Symposium for Olympic Research 2002, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, 2002, s.29-40.
  • CRAIG, Steve: Sports and Games of the Ancients, Greenwood Publishing Group, Westport, 2002.
  • CROWTHER, Nigel B.: “Greek Games in Republican Rome” (Greek Games), L'antiquité classique, 52, 1983, s.268-273.
  • CROWTHER, Nigel B.: “Second-Place Finishes and Lower in Greek Athletics” (Athletics), Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 90, 1992, s.97-102.
  • CROWTHER, Nigel B.: Sport in Ancient Times (Sport), Praeger, Westport, 2007.
  • ÇOKBANKİR ŞENGÜL, Nurşah: “Antikçağda Küçükasya’daki Sporcular: Sosyal Durumları, Profesyonellik ve Kentler”, Cedrus, 1, 2013, s.151-162 (http://proje.akdeniz.edu.tr/mcri/cedrus/1-2013/cedrus-9-nursah_cokbankir_sengul-antikcagda_kucuk_asyadaki_sporcular_sosyal_durumlari_profesyonellik_ve_kentler.pdf) (DOI: 10.13113/CEDRUS/20131683) (Erişim tarihi:08.09.2020).
  • DUNKLE, Roger: Gladiators: Violence and Spectacle in Ancient Rome (Gladiators), Routledge, London and New York, 2008.
  • FRIEDLAENDER, Ludwig: Darstellungen aus der Sittengeschichte Roms in der Zeit von August bis zum Ausgang der Antonine, Bd. II, 9. Aufl., Verlag von S.Hirzel, Leipzig, 1920.
  • GARDINER, Edward Norman: Athletics of the Ancient World, Ares Publishers, Inc., Chicago, 1983.
  • VON GLÜCK, Christian Friedrich: Ausführliche Erläuterung der Pandecten nach Hellfeld, Bd. 21, 1, Erlangen, Johann Jacob Palm, 1820.
  • GOLDEN, Mark: Sport in the Ancient World from A to Z (Sport), Routledge, London, 2004.
  • GREENIDGE, A.H.J.: Infamia, Its Place in Roman Public and Private Law, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1894.
  • JAKAB, Éva: “Geld und Sport, Rezeption griechischer Topoi in der römischen Jurisprudenz”, Revue Internationale de Droits de l’Antiquité (RIDA), 59, 2012, s.93-125.
  • KASER, Max: “Infamia und ignominia in den römischen Rechtsquellen.” (Infamia), Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte, romanistische Abteilung, 73, 1956, s.220-278.
  • KASER, Max: Das römische Privatrecht, das altrömische, das vorklassische und klassische Recht (RP I), erster Abschnitt, 2. Aufl., Verlag C. H. Beck, München, 1971.
  • KASER, Max: Das römische Privatrecht, die nachklassischen Entwicklungen (RP II), zweiter Abschnitt, 2. Aufl., Verlag C. H. Beck, München, 1975.
  • KYLE, Donald G.: “Greek Athletic Competitions-The Ancient Olympics and More” (Olympics), in Christesen, Paul/Kyle, Donald G. (ed.), A Companion to Sport and Spectacle in Greek and Roman Antiquity, WILEY Blackwell, Malden, 2014, s.21-35.
  • KYLE, Donald G.: Sport & Spectacle in the Ancient World (Sport), Second Edition, WILEY Blackwell, Malden, 2015.
  • LEE, Hugh M.: “Greek Sports in Rome”, in Christesen, Paul/Kyle, Donald G. (ed.), A Companion to Sport and Spectacle in Greek and Roman Antiquity, WILEY Blackwell, Malden, 2014, s.533-542.
  • LEONARD, Sugar Ray/ARKUSH, Michael: The Big Fight, My Life in and out of the Ring, Viking (Published by Penguin Group), New York, 2011.
  • LITEWSKI, Wieslaw: “Römisches Seedarlehen”, Rivista Internazionale di diritto romano e antico (IURA), 24, 1973, s.112-183.
  • MANN, Christian: “Greek Sport and Roman Identity”, in Scanlon, Thomas F. (ed.), Sport in the Greek and Roman Worlds, Vol. 2: Greek athletic Identities and Roman Sports and Spectacle, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2014, s.151-179.
  • MILLER, Stephen G.: Ancient Greek Athletics, Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 2004.
  • NEWBY, Zahra: Greek Athletics in the Roman World, Victory and Virtue, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2005.
  • OTTO, Carl Eduard/SCHILLING, Bruno/SINTENIS, Carl Friedrich Ferdinand: Das Corpus Juris Civilis in’s Deutsche Übersetzt von einem Vereine Rechtsgelehrter, Verlag von Carl Focke, Bd. I, 2. Aufl., Leipzig, 1839, Bd. II, Leipzig, 1831, Bd. IV, Leipzig, 1832, Bd. VI, Leipzig, 1832.
  • PLEKET, Henry Willy: “Zur Soziologie des antiken Sports” (Soziologie), Mededelingen van het Nederlands Instituut te Rome, 36, 1974, s.57-87 (http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/knir/#page=71&accessor=toc1&source=36&view=pdfPane) (Erişim tarihi: 08.09.2020).
  • PLEKET, Henry Willy: “The Olympic Games in antiquity” (Olympic Games), European Review, 12(3), 2004, s.401-413.
  • PLEKET, Henry Willy: “Inscriptions as Evidence in Greek Sport” (Inscriptions), in Christesen, Paul/Kyle, Donald G. (ed.), A Companion to Sport and Spectacle in Greek and Roman Antiquity, WILEY Blackwell, Malden, 2014, s.98- 111.
  • POTTER, David Stone: The Victor’s Crown: A History of Ancient Sport from Homer to Byzantium, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2012.
  • PRITCHARD, David M.: “Sport, War and Democracy in Classical Athens”, The International Journal of the History of Sport, 26(2), 2009, s.212-245 (DOI: 10.1080/09523360802513272), (http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523360802513272) (Erişim tarihi: 08.09.2020).
  • RADO, Türkân: Roma Hukuku Dersleri, Borçlar Hukuku, İstanbul 2014.
  • REISCH, Emil: “Agones”, (Agones), RE I, 1 (Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft), Alfred Druckenmüller Verlag, Stuttgart, 1893.
  • REISCH, Emil: “Athletai” (Athletai), RE II, 2 (Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft), Alfred Druckenmüller Verlag, Stuttgart, 1896.
  • REMIJSEN, Sofie: The End of Greek Athletics in Late Antiquity, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2015.
  • SZANTO, Emil: “Άσυλία”, RE II, 2 (Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft), Alfred Druckenmüller Verlag, Stuttgart, 1896.
  • TEKİN, Oğuz: Eski Yunan ve Roma Tarihine Giriş, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul, 2008.
  • TÜRKOĞLU ÖZDEMİR, Gökçe: Roma Hukukunda Infamia (Şerefsizlik), Seçkin Yayınları, Ankara, 2008.
  • UMUR, Ziya: Roma Hukuku Lügatı (Lügat), Fakülteler Matbaası, İstanbul, 1983.
  • UMUR, Ziya: Roma Hukuku, Tarihî Giriş- Kaynaklar-Umumî Mefhumlar-Hakların Himayesi (Roma Hukuku), Filiz Kitabevi, İstanbul, 1984.
  • WACKE, Andreas: Athleten als Darlehensnehmer nach römischem Recht, Studia et Documenta Historiae et Iuris (SDHI), 44, 1978, s.439-452.
  • WATSON, Alan: The Digest of Justinian, vol. I-II, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1998.
  • WIEDEMANN, Thomas: Emperors and Gladiators, Routledge, London and New York, 1995.
  • YOUNG, David C.: A Brief History of the Olympic Games, Blackwell, Malden, 2004.
  • ZIMMERMANN, Reinhard: The Law of Obligations-Roman Foundations of the Civilian Tradition, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1996.
Toplam 49 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Hukuk
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ali Selkor Atak 0000-0001-9965-3244

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Eylül 2020
Kabul Tarihi 5 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Atak, A. S. (2020). ROMA HUKUKUNDA PROFESYONEL ATLETLER İLE YAPILAN TÜKETİM ÖDÜNCÜ SÖZLEŞMELERİ. İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2), 680-694. https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.793414
AMA Atak AS. ROMA HUKUKUNDA PROFESYONEL ATLETLER İLE YAPILAN TÜKETİM ÖDÜNCÜ SÖZLEŞMELERİ. İnÜHFD. Aralık 2020;11(2):680-694. doi:10.21492/inuhfd.793414
Chicago Atak, Ali Selkor. “ROMA HUKUKUNDA PROFESYONEL ATLETLER İLE YAPILAN TÜKETİM ÖDÜNCÜ SÖZLEŞMELERİ”. İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 11, sy. 2 (Aralık 2020): 680-94. https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.793414.
EndNote Atak AS (01 Aralık 2020) ROMA HUKUKUNDA PROFESYONEL ATLETLER İLE YAPILAN TÜKETİM ÖDÜNCÜ SÖZLEŞMELERİ. İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 11 2 680–694.
IEEE A. S. Atak, “ROMA HUKUKUNDA PROFESYONEL ATLETLER İLE YAPILAN TÜKETİM ÖDÜNCÜ SÖZLEŞMELERİ”, İnÜHFD, c. 11, sy. 2, ss. 680–694, 2020, doi: 10.21492/inuhfd.793414.
ISNAD Atak, Ali Selkor. “ROMA HUKUKUNDA PROFESYONEL ATLETLER İLE YAPILAN TÜKETİM ÖDÜNCÜ SÖZLEŞMELERİ”. İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 11/2 (Aralık 2020), 680-694. https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.793414.
JAMA Atak AS. ROMA HUKUKUNDA PROFESYONEL ATLETLER İLE YAPILAN TÜKETİM ÖDÜNCÜ SÖZLEŞMELERİ. İnÜHFD. 2020;11:680–694.
MLA Atak, Ali Selkor. “ROMA HUKUKUNDA PROFESYONEL ATLETLER İLE YAPILAN TÜKETİM ÖDÜNCÜ SÖZLEŞMELERİ”. İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 11, sy. 2, 2020, ss. 680-94, doi:10.21492/inuhfd.793414.
Vancouver Atak AS. ROMA HUKUKUNDA PROFESYONEL ATLETLER İLE YAPILAN TÜKETİM ÖDÜNCÜ SÖZLEŞMELERİ. İnÜHFD. 2020;11(2):680-94.