THIRD WAY APPROACHES TO INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 258 - 270, 30.06.2021

Hamdi Gökçe Zabunoğlu , Esma Yağmur Sönmez

https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.831025

Cited By: 3

Öz

Third World Approaches in International Law (TWAIL) stands out in the critical international legal literature as a political and intellectual movement. As a result of dictating European-based international law rules to non-European nations, these rules become a means for European states to realize their imperialist ideals. TWAIL, which is claimed to represent an effort to understand the history, structure and process of international law in terms of Third World states, draws attention as a political and intellectual movement with many perspectives.Challenging the relationship between the colonialist and the dominant first world and the existing structure of international law is the backbone of TWAIL. According to TWAIL's thought, human rights are not the privilege of a single culture or a person. Therefore, it brings serious criticism to the Eurocentric approach. The objection of TWAIL, which does not oppose the idea of universality, is that this universality is European-centered. In this study, it is aimed to reveal the basic principles by defining TWAIL and it was tried to reconstruct the international human rights law by considering TWAIL principles and the human rights assessment of this approach has been examined and how international human rights law can be reproduced accordingly and three related solutions are listed. These solutions have been identified as increasing the inclusiveness of human rights law, ceasing to act with the logic of power and abandoning top-down approaches in the field of human rights.

Anahtar Kelimeler

European Centrism, Imperialism, Human Rights, Third World Approaches to International Law

ULUSLARARASI İNSAN HAKLARI HUKUKUNDA ÜÇÜNCÜ DÜNYA YAKLAŞIMLARI

Öz

Uluslararası Hukukta Üçüncü Dünya Yaklaşımları (TWAIL), politik ve entelektüel bir hareket olarak eleştirel uluslararası hukuk literatüründe öne çıkmaktadır. Bu yaklaşıma göre Avrupa merkezli uluslararası hukuk kurallarının Avrupalı olmayan milletlere dikte edilmesi ile bu kurallar, Avrupalı devletlerin emperyalist ideallerini gerçekleştirmelerinin aracı haline gelmektedir. Uluslararası hukukun tarihini, yapısını ve sürecini Üçüncü Dünya devletleri açısından anlama çabasını temsil ettiği ileri sürülen TWAIL, çok sayıda perspektife sahip olan politik ve entelektüel bir hareket olarak dikkat çekmektedir. Sömürgeci ve egemen birinci dünya ile uluslararası hukukun mevcut yapısı arasındaki ilişkiye meydan okumak TWAIL'in belkemiğini oluşturmaktadır. TWAIL düşüncesine göre insan hakları tek bir kültürün ya da insanın ayrıcalığı değildir. Bu nedenle Avrupa merkezci yaklaşıma ciddi eleştiriler getirir. Evrensellik düşüncesine karşı çıkmayan TWAIL’in itirazı, bu evrenselliğin Avrupa merkezli olmasınadır Bu çalışmada, TWAIL’i tanımlayarak onun temel prensiplerini ortaya koymak amacı güdülmüş, uluslararası insan hakları hukuku TWAIL prensipleri dikkate alınarak yeniden kurgulanmaya çalışılmış, yaklaşımın insan haklarını ele alış̧ biçimi ile uluslararası insan hakları hukukun nasıl yeniden üretilebileceği incelenmiş ve birbiriyle ilişkili olan üç çözüm listelenmiştir. Bu çözümlerin insan hakları hukukunun kapsayıcılığının arttırılması, iktidar mantığı ile hareket etmenin dışlanması ve insan hakları alanında tepeden inmeci yaklaşımların değiştirilmesi olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Üçüncü Dünya Yaklaşımları, Avrupa Merkezcilik, Emperyalizm, İnsan Hakları

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