Öz
In Roman law, inheritors are determined by the appointment of the heir in the legator’s will. In cases where this does not apply, it is regulated by ius civile inheritance that who will be the legal heirs and the gaps that occur in practice over time have been eliminated by regulations regarding the praetor inheritance. In the Iustinianus Period, it is seen that inheritance due to blood kinship was considered essential. Within this development process, the rules regarding the institution of state inheritance are not found in the form of modern Turkish law. In spite of this, in cases where there is no appointed legatee or legal heir or it is not in accordance with the law for the heirs to acquire the inheritance, the inheritance is considered as bona vacantia means unclaimed inheritance, and it is accepted that it will be acquired by the state treasury under legal regulations. The laws that first regulated the return of unclaimed inheritance to the state treasury were the Lex Iulia de Maritandis Ordinibus and the Lex Iulia et Papia Poppaea, enacted by Emperor Augustus. According to the regulations of these laws, also called Lex Caducaria in practice, the legal capacity to become heirs of those who are not married and those who are married but without children is restricted, and it is accepted that instead of these people, the state treasury will acquire the inheritance under certain conditions. In addition, there are regulations that accept the inheritance to be transferred to the state treasury in cases of disinheritance, modification of the will and objection to the will.