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ETHEREUM ve AKILLI SÖZLEŞMELER

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 193 - 208, 30.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.852860

Öz

Borcun kaynaklarından biri olan sözleşmelerin temelinde tarafların sözleşme yapmak konusunda iradelerini açıklamaları ve bu iradelerin birbiri ile uyuşması yatar. Sözleşmesel yükümlülüklerin sözleşmelerde düzenlenen şekilde yerine getirilmesi önemlidir. Bu nokta, taraflarının iradelerine tabi olup ve birbirlerine yönelik karşılıklı güvenlerine dayanır. Sözleşmelerin gereği gibi ifası, dayanağı ve kaynağı bakımından hassas, zayıf ve kırılgandır. Zira, taraflar her zaman birbirlerinin iradelerini tam ve doğru şekilde anlayamayabilir. Yine böylesine akitlerde taraflar, aradan geçen zamanın veya değişen şartların etkisiyle yahut ortada bunun için zorlayıcı bir sebep yokken bile sözleşmeye yansıyan iradesine konu taahhüdünü tam veya zamanında yerine getirmekten kaçınabilir. Güven esasına dayanan sözleşmelerin ifası itimat asimetrisi riskine ve taraf iradesinin zaaflarına tabidir. Teknoloji, güven ve sözleşmelerin ifa edilmesine dair bu risklerin giderilmesine çözüm getirebilir mi? İşte bu soru, Bitcoin ile ortaya çıkan Blokzincir teknolojisini pek çok yönden daha ileri taşıyan Ethereum ile birlikte daha fazla tartışılır, merak edilir hale gelmiştir. Ethereum ile beraber tekrar hatırlanan ve Blokzincir teknolojisi ile yeniden yorumlanan akıllı sözleşme kavramı mezkur sözleşmenin, taraflarının karşılıklı, subjektif güvenine mahkum edilmeden, kendi kendini ifa edebilmesinin yeniden tartışılmasına ve heyecanla karşılanmasına yol açmıştır. Bu makalede, Ethereum üzerinde geliştirilebilen ve uygulanabilen akıllı sözleşmelerin ne anlama geldiği, kendi kendini nasıl ifa edebildiği, gelecekteki teknoloji ve hukuk işbirliğine dair hangi etkileşimleri yarattığı ve bunların hukuki sonuçlarına incelenmektedir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Yazar bu çalışma için finansal destek almamıştır.

Proje Numarası

-

Kaynakça

  • A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc., 239 F.3d 1004 (9th Cir. 2001), https://www.copyright.gov/fair-use/summaries/a&mrecords-napster-9thcir2001.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 24.09.2020).
  • ATZORI, Marcella: Blockchain Technology and Decentralized Governance: Is the State Still Necessary? (December 1, 2015), s. 8-10, http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2709713 (Erişim Tarihi: 07.09.2020), p. 1-37
  • BFMEDIA, Bitcoin’in Ethereum’dan Farkı Ne?, https://www.bfmedia.io/sikca-sorulan-sorular/ethereumun-bitcoinden-farki-ne-01588732.html, (Erişim Tarihi: 10.10.2020).
  • BLEMUS, Stéphane: “Law and Blockchain: A Legal Perspective on Current Regulatory Trends Worldwide (January 17, 2018)”. Revue Trimestrielle de Droit Financier (Corporate Finance and Capital Markets Law Review) RTDF N°4-2017 - December 2017, http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3080639 (Erişim Tarihi: 18.11.2020), p.1-15.
  • BROWNSWORD, Roger: Regulatory Fitness: “Fintech, Funny Money and Smart Contracts”, European Business Organization Law Review, 20(5), 2019, https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/195262705.pdf. (Erişim Tarihi: 09.12.2020), p.1-27.
  • BUTERIN, Vitalik: “Bitcoin Is Not Quantum-Safe, And How We Can Fix It When Needed”. Bitcoin Magazine, https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/bitcoin-is-not-quantum-safe-and-how-we-can-fix1375242150 (Erişim Tarihi: 21.08.2020).
  • BUTERIN, Vitalik: “Ethereum: A Next-Generation Cryptocurrency and Decentralized Application Platform (Ethereum)”, Bitcoin Magazine, https://Bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/ Ethereum-next-generation-cryptocurrency-decentralized-application-platform-1390528211 (Erişim Tarihi: 16.10.2020).
  • Cap Gemini: Smart Contracts in Financial Services: Getting from Hype to Reality, https://www.capgemini.com/consulting-de/wp-content/uploads/sites/32/2017/08/smart_contracts_paper_long_0.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 11.11.2020).
  • Commodity Futures Trading Comission: A Primer of Smart Contracts, 2018, https://www.cftc.gov/sites/default/files/2018-11/LabCFTC_PrimerSmartContracts112718.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 21.10.2020).
  • CHOHAN, Usman W.: A History of Bitcoin (September 30, 2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3047875 (Erişim Tarihi: 15.10.2020), p.1-11.
  • CROSBY, Michael/PATTANAYAK, Pradan/VERMA, Sanjeev/KALYANARAMAN, Vignesh: “BlockChain Technology: Beyond Bitcoin”, Applied Innovation Review, (2), June 2016, https://j2-capital.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/AIR-2016-BlockChain.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 11.09.2020).
  • CRYPTOCOMPARE: “What is the ‘Gas’ in Ethereum?”, November 18, 2016, https://www.cryptocompare.com/coins/guides/what-is-the-gas-in-ethereum/ (Erişim Tarihi: 12.09.2020).
  • CUTTS, Tatiana: “Smart Contracts and Consumers”, West Virginia Law Review, 122(2), 2019, http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3354272 (Erişim Tarihi: 22.09.2020), p.1-52.
  • ÇEKİN, Mesut Serdar: “Borçlar Hukuku ile Veri Koruma Hukuku Açısından Blockchain Teknolojisi ve Akıllı Sözleşmeler: Hukuk Düzenimizde Bir Paradigma Değişimine Gerek Var Mı?” İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası, 77(1), 2019, s.315-341.
  • DIMITROPOULOS, Georgios: “The Law of Blockchain”, Washington Law Review, 95(3) 2020, p.1117-1192
  • European Parliamentary Research Service: “How Blockchain Technology Could Change Our Lives”, In-Depth Analysis, February 2017.
  • Federal Reserve Board, Divisions of Research & Statistics and Monetary Affairs: Distributed Ledger Technology in Payments, Clearing and Settlement, Finance and Economics Discussion Series, 2016-095, December 2016.
  • Finance Magnates: Research for Reforms on Blockchain Smart Contract Laws Begins in UK, 2018,https://www.financemagnates.com/cryptocurrency/regulation/research-for-reforms-on-blockchain-smart-contract-laws-begins-in-uk/ (Erişim Tarihi: 14.06.2020).
  • HÄRDLE, Wolfgang K./HARVEY, Campbell R./REULE, Raphael C. G.: Understanding Cryptocurrencies (March 26, 2019), http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3360304 (Erişim Tarihi: 18.09.2020), p. 1-39.
  • ICRYPEX: Bitcoin ve Ethereum Arasındaki Farklar, https://www.icrypex.com/tr/blog/bitcoin-ve-ethereum-arasindaki-farklar-nelerdir (Erişim Tarihi: 10.10.2020).
  • KAKAVAND, Hossein/KOST DE SEVRES, Nicolette/CHILTON, Bart: The Blockchain Revolution: An Analysis of Regulation and Technology Related to Distributed Ledger Technologies (January 1, 2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2849251, (Erişim Tarihi: 14.10.2020), p.1-27.
  • KARAMANLIOĞLU, Argun: “Concept of Smart Contracts – A Legal Perspective”, Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (35), 2018, s.29-42.
  • KILIÇ, Şahin: Ethereum Nedir, Bitcoin ile Arasındaki Farklar Nelerdir?, (https://www.webtekno.com/ethereum-ile-bitcoin-arasindaki-farklar-h38580.html , (Erişim Tarihi: 24.08.2020).
  • LEVI, Stuart D./LIPTON, Alex B.: An Introduction to Smart Contracts and Their Potential and Inherent Limitations, https://tinyurl.com/yaflq5qh, (Erişim Tarihi: 06.08.2020).
  • LYONS, Tom/COURCELAS, Ludovic/TIMSIT, Ken: “Legal and Regulatory Framework of Blockchains and Smart Contracts, Thematic Report”, European Union Blockchain Observatory & Forum, 27.09.2019, https://www.eublockchainforum.eu/sites/default/files/reports/ report_legal_v1.0.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 22.06.2020).
  • OĞUZMAN, M. Kemal/ÖZ Turgut, Borçlar Hukuku Genel Hükümler, C. I, İstanbul, 2020.
  • O'SHIELDS, Reggie: Smart Contracts: “Legal Agreements for the Blockchain”, North Carolina Banking Institute, 21(1), 2017, p.1-19.
  • ÖZSEYHAN, Efe: Bitcoin vs Ethereum: Aradaki Fark Nedir?, https://muhabbit.com/bitcoin-vs-ethereum-aradaki-fark-nedir/ (Erişim Tarihi: 18.10.2020).
  • PAK, Calvin: A Deep Dive Into Marketplace Smart Contracts, https://medium.com/the-notice-board/a-deep-dive-into-marketplace-smart-contracts-587bbc8e9776, (Erişim Tarihi: 21.09.2020).
  • PILAVCI, Ezgi Elife: “The Regulation of Smart Contracts: Law, “overnance and Practice”, İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Programlar Enstitüsü – Bilişim ve Teknoloji Hukuku Yüksek Lisans Programı (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), İstanbul 2019.
  • RASKIN, Max: “The Law and Legality of Smart Contracts”, Georgetown Law Technology Review, (305), 2017, https://ssrn.com/abstract=2959166 (Erişim Tarihi: 22.10.2020), p.305-340.
  • SCHMITT, Gregor/MLADENOW, Andreas/STRAUSS, Christine/SCHAFFHAUSER-LINZATTI, Michaela: Smart Contracts and Internet of Things: A Qualitative Content Analysis using the Technology-Organization-Environment Framework to Identify Key-Determinants, https://www.sciencedirect.com/ (Erişim Tarihi: 22.10.2020).
  • SEC: “The DAO” Investigative Report, 25 Temmuz 2017, https://www.sec.gov/litigation/investreport/34-81207.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 17.06.2020).
  • SERT, Turan: Sorularla Blockchain, https://bkm.com.tr/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Sorularlablockchain.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 18.11.2020).
  • SHANKER, Macha: “Use Case: Smart Contract for Lease Agreements using Blockchain Technology”, International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, 7(6), 2019, p.1-9.
  • SZABO, Nick: Smart Contracts (1994), www.fon.hum.uva.nl/rob/Courses/InformationInSpeech/CDROM/Literature/LOTwinterschool2006/szabo.best.vwh.net/smart.contracts.html (Erişim Tarihi: 15.10.2020).
  • SZABO, Nick: Smart Contracts: Building Blocks for Digital Markets, https://nakamotoinstitute.org/the-idea-of-smart-contracts/ (Erişim Tarihi: 10.10.2020).
  • ŞEN, Faruk: “Dağıtık Kayıt Teknolojisi”, Gümrük ve Ticaret Dergisi, 6(17), 2016, s.84-95.
  • TAŞKIN Zeynep Damla: Sözleşmenin Kurulması, İstanbul 2020.
  • TBV Blokchain Turkey Platformu, Blokzinciri Teknolojisi Terminoloji Çalışması, Hukuk, Düzenlemeler ve Kamu İlişkileri Çalışma Grubu Raporu, İstanbul 2019.
  • TEVETOĞLU, Mete: ICO (İlk Dijital Para Arzı) ve Yatırımcının (Katılımcının) Korunması, Sektörel Bazda Tüketici Hukuku Uygulamaları 2020, İstanbul 2020, s.83-137.
  • THIBAULT, Schrepel: “Collusion by Blockchain and Smart Contracts”, Harvard Journal of Law and Technology, 33(1), 2019, https://ssrn.com/abstract=3315182 (Erişim Tarihi: 16.10.2020), p.118-166.
  • TUNALI, Halil: “Mortgage Sistemi: Temelleri, Gelişimi ve Krizi”, İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi Mecmuası, 58(1), 2011, s.99-124.
  • UK Jurisdiction Taskforce, Legal Statement on Cryptoassets and Smart Contracts, November 2019, https://tinyurl.com/v4t8fbk (Erişim Tarihi: 14.08.2020).
  • UZER, Betül: Sanal Para Birimleri, TCMB Uzmanlık Yeterlilik Tezi, Ankara 2017.
  • ZICHICHI, Mirko/CONTU, Michele/FERRETTI, Stefano/D’ANGELO, Gabriele: LikeStarter: a Smart-contract based Social DAO for Crowdfunding, https://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.05560.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 20.12.2020).

ETHEREUM AND THE SMART CONRACTS

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 193 - 208, 30.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.852860

Öz

At the basis of the contracts, which are one of the sources of debt, lies the parties' declaration of their will to make a contract and the agreement of these wills with each other. It is important that contractual obligations are fulfilled as set out in contracts. This point is subject to the will of their parties and is based on their mutual trust in each other. Duly execution of contracts is sensitive, weak and fragile in terms of its basis and source. Because the parties may not always understand each other's wills fully and correctly. Again, in such contracts, the parties may refrain from fulfilling their commitment in full or on time due to the effect of the intervening time or changing conditions, or even if there is no compelling reason for this. The execution of trust-based contracts is subject to the risk of trust asymmetry and the weaknesses of the party's will. Can technology solve these risks of trust and fulfillment of contracts? This question has become more discussed and curious with Ethereum, which carries the Blockchain technology that emerged with Bitcoin further in many ways. The smart contract concept, which has been recalled with Ethereum and reinterpreted with Blockchain technology, has led to the discussion and enthusiasm of the mentioned contract's self-performance without being condemned to the mutual, subjective trust of its parties. This article focuses what smart contracts can be developed and implemented on Ethereum mean, how they can self-fulfill, what interactions they create for future technology and legal cooperation, and their legal consequences.

Proje Numarası

-

Kaynakça

  • A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc., 239 F.3d 1004 (9th Cir. 2001), https://www.copyright.gov/fair-use/summaries/a&mrecords-napster-9thcir2001.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 24.09.2020).
  • ATZORI, Marcella: Blockchain Technology and Decentralized Governance: Is the State Still Necessary? (December 1, 2015), s. 8-10, http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2709713 (Erişim Tarihi: 07.09.2020), p. 1-37
  • BFMEDIA, Bitcoin’in Ethereum’dan Farkı Ne?, https://www.bfmedia.io/sikca-sorulan-sorular/ethereumun-bitcoinden-farki-ne-01588732.html, (Erişim Tarihi: 10.10.2020).
  • BLEMUS, Stéphane: “Law and Blockchain: A Legal Perspective on Current Regulatory Trends Worldwide (January 17, 2018)”. Revue Trimestrielle de Droit Financier (Corporate Finance and Capital Markets Law Review) RTDF N°4-2017 - December 2017, http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3080639 (Erişim Tarihi: 18.11.2020), p.1-15.
  • BROWNSWORD, Roger: Regulatory Fitness: “Fintech, Funny Money and Smart Contracts”, European Business Organization Law Review, 20(5), 2019, https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/195262705.pdf. (Erişim Tarihi: 09.12.2020), p.1-27.
  • BUTERIN, Vitalik: “Bitcoin Is Not Quantum-Safe, And How We Can Fix It When Needed”. Bitcoin Magazine, https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/bitcoin-is-not-quantum-safe-and-how-we-can-fix1375242150 (Erişim Tarihi: 21.08.2020).
  • BUTERIN, Vitalik: “Ethereum: A Next-Generation Cryptocurrency and Decentralized Application Platform (Ethereum)”, Bitcoin Magazine, https://Bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/ Ethereum-next-generation-cryptocurrency-decentralized-application-platform-1390528211 (Erişim Tarihi: 16.10.2020).
  • Cap Gemini: Smart Contracts in Financial Services: Getting from Hype to Reality, https://www.capgemini.com/consulting-de/wp-content/uploads/sites/32/2017/08/smart_contracts_paper_long_0.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 11.11.2020).
  • Commodity Futures Trading Comission: A Primer of Smart Contracts, 2018, https://www.cftc.gov/sites/default/files/2018-11/LabCFTC_PrimerSmartContracts112718.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 21.10.2020).
  • CHOHAN, Usman W.: A History of Bitcoin (September 30, 2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3047875 (Erişim Tarihi: 15.10.2020), p.1-11.
  • CROSBY, Michael/PATTANAYAK, Pradan/VERMA, Sanjeev/KALYANARAMAN, Vignesh: “BlockChain Technology: Beyond Bitcoin”, Applied Innovation Review, (2), June 2016, https://j2-capital.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/AIR-2016-BlockChain.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 11.09.2020).
  • CRYPTOCOMPARE: “What is the ‘Gas’ in Ethereum?”, November 18, 2016, https://www.cryptocompare.com/coins/guides/what-is-the-gas-in-ethereum/ (Erişim Tarihi: 12.09.2020).
  • CUTTS, Tatiana: “Smart Contracts and Consumers”, West Virginia Law Review, 122(2), 2019, http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3354272 (Erişim Tarihi: 22.09.2020), p.1-52.
  • ÇEKİN, Mesut Serdar: “Borçlar Hukuku ile Veri Koruma Hukuku Açısından Blockchain Teknolojisi ve Akıllı Sözleşmeler: Hukuk Düzenimizde Bir Paradigma Değişimine Gerek Var Mı?” İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası, 77(1), 2019, s.315-341.
  • DIMITROPOULOS, Georgios: “The Law of Blockchain”, Washington Law Review, 95(3) 2020, p.1117-1192
  • European Parliamentary Research Service: “How Blockchain Technology Could Change Our Lives”, In-Depth Analysis, February 2017.
  • Federal Reserve Board, Divisions of Research & Statistics and Monetary Affairs: Distributed Ledger Technology in Payments, Clearing and Settlement, Finance and Economics Discussion Series, 2016-095, December 2016.
  • Finance Magnates: Research for Reforms on Blockchain Smart Contract Laws Begins in UK, 2018,https://www.financemagnates.com/cryptocurrency/regulation/research-for-reforms-on-blockchain-smart-contract-laws-begins-in-uk/ (Erişim Tarihi: 14.06.2020).
  • HÄRDLE, Wolfgang K./HARVEY, Campbell R./REULE, Raphael C. G.: Understanding Cryptocurrencies (March 26, 2019), http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3360304 (Erişim Tarihi: 18.09.2020), p. 1-39.
  • ICRYPEX: Bitcoin ve Ethereum Arasındaki Farklar, https://www.icrypex.com/tr/blog/bitcoin-ve-ethereum-arasindaki-farklar-nelerdir (Erişim Tarihi: 10.10.2020).
  • KAKAVAND, Hossein/KOST DE SEVRES, Nicolette/CHILTON, Bart: The Blockchain Revolution: An Analysis of Regulation and Technology Related to Distributed Ledger Technologies (January 1, 2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2849251, (Erişim Tarihi: 14.10.2020), p.1-27.
  • KARAMANLIOĞLU, Argun: “Concept of Smart Contracts – A Legal Perspective”, Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (35), 2018, s.29-42.
  • KILIÇ, Şahin: Ethereum Nedir, Bitcoin ile Arasındaki Farklar Nelerdir?, (https://www.webtekno.com/ethereum-ile-bitcoin-arasindaki-farklar-h38580.html , (Erişim Tarihi: 24.08.2020).
  • LEVI, Stuart D./LIPTON, Alex B.: An Introduction to Smart Contracts and Their Potential and Inherent Limitations, https://tinyurl.com/yaflq5qh, (Erişim Tarihi: 06.08.2020).
  • LYONS, Tom/COURCELAS, Ludovic/TIMSIT, Ken: “Legal and Regulatory Framework of Blockchains and Smart Contracts, Thematic Report”, European Union Blockchain Observatory & Forum, 27.09.2019, https://www.eublockchainforum.eu/sites/default/files/reports/ report_legal_v1.0.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 22.06.2020).
  • OĞUZMAN, M. Kemal/ÖZ Turgut, Borçlar Hukuku Genel Hükümler, C. I, İstanbul, 2020.
  • O'SHIELDS, Reggie: Smart Contracts: “Legal Agreements for the Blockchain”, North Carolina Banking Institute, 21(1), 2017, p.1-19.
  • ÖZSEYHAN, Efe: Bitcoin vs Ethereum: Aradaki Fark Nedir?, https://muhabbit.com/bitcoin-vs-ethereum-aradaki-fark-nedir/ (Erişim Tarihi: 18.10.2020).
  • PAK, Calvin: A Deep Dive Into Marketplace Smart Contracts, https://medium.com/the-notice-board/a-deep-dive-into-marketplace-smart-contracts-587bbc8e9776, (Erişim Tarihi: 21.09.2020).
  • PILAVCI, Ezgi Elife: “The Regulation of Smart Contracts: Law, “overnance and Practice”, İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Programlar Enstitüsü – Bilişim ve Teknoloji Hukuku Yüksek Lisans Programı (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), İstanbul 2019.
  • RASKIN, Max: “The Law and Legality of Smart Contracts”, Georgetown Law Technology Review, (305), 2017, https://ssrn.com/abstract=2959166 (Erişim Tarihi: 22.10.2020), p.305-340.
  • SCHMITT, Gregor/MLADENOW, Andreas/STRAUSS, Christine/SCHAFFHAUSER-LINZATTI, Michaela: Smart Contracts and Internet of Things: A Qualitative Content Analysis using the Technology-Organization-Environment Framework to Identify Key-Determinants, https://www.sciencedirect.com/ (Erişim Tarihi: 22.10.2020).
  • SEC: “The DAO” Investigative Report, 25 Temmuz 2017, https://www.sec.gov/litigation/investreport/34-81207.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 17.06.2020).
  • SERT, Turan: Sorularla Blockchain, https://bkm.com.tr/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Sorularlablockchain.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 18.11.2020).
  • SHANKER, Macha: “Use Case: Smart Contract for Lease Agreements using Blockchain Technology”, International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, 7(6), 2019, p.1-9.
  • SZABO, Nick: Smart Contracts (1994), www.fon.hum.uva.nl/rob/Courses/InformationInSpeech/CDROM/Literature/LOTwinterschool2006/szabo.best.vwh.net/smart.contracts.html (Erişim Tarihi: 15.10.2020).
  • SZABO, Nick: Smart Contracts: Building Blocks for Digital Markets, https://nakamotoinstitute.org/the-idea-of-smart-contracts/ (Erişim Tarihi: 10.10.2020).
  • ŞEN, Faruk: “Dağıtık Kayıt Teknolojisi”, Gümrük ve Ticaret Dergisi, 6(17), 2016, s.84-95.
  • TAŞKIN Zeynep Damla: Sözleşmenin Kurulması, İstanbul 2020.
  • TBV Blokchain Turkey Platformu, Blokzinciri Teknolojisi Terminoloji Çalışması, Hukuk, Düzenlemeler ve Kamu İlişkileri Çalışma Grubu Raporu, İstanbul 2019.
  • TEVETOĞLU, Mete: ICO (İlk Dijital Para Arzı) ve Yatırımcının (Katılımcının) Korunması, Sektörel Bazda Tüketici Hukuku Uygulamaları 2020, İstanbul 2020, s.83-137.
  • THIBAULT, Schrepel: “Collusion by Blockchain and Smart Contracts”, Harvard Journal of Law and Technology, 33(1), 2019, https://ssrn.com/abstract=3315182 (Erişim Tarihi: 16.10.2020), p.118-166.
  • TUNALI, Halil: “Mortgage Sistemi: Temelleri, Gelişimi ve Krizi”, İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi Mecmuası, 58(1), 2011, s.99-124.
  • UK Jurisdiction Taskforce, Legal Statement on Cryptoassets and Smart Contracts, November 2019, https://tinyurl.com/v4t8fbk (Erişim Tarihi: 14.08.2020).
  • UZER, Betül: Sanal Para Birimleri, TCMB Uzmanlık Yeterlilik Tezi, Ankara 2017.
  • ZICHICHI, Mirko/CONTU, Michele/FERRETTI, Stefano/D’ANGELO, Gabriele: LikeStarter: a Smart-contract based Social DAO for Crowdfunding, https://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.05560.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 20.12.2020).
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Hukuk
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mete Tevetoğlu 0000-0002-2575-906X

Proje Numarası -
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Ocak 2021
Kabul Tarihi 25 Mart 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Tevetoğlu, M. (2021). ETHEREUM ve AKILLI SÖZLEŞMELER. İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(1), 193-208. https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.852860
AMA Tevetoğlu M. ETHEREUM ve AKILLI SÖZLEŞMELER. İnÜHFD. Haziran 2021;12(1):193-208. doi:10.21492/inuhfd.852860
Chicago Tevetoğlu, Mete. “ETHEREUM Ve AKILLI SÖZLEŞMELER”. İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 12, sy. 1 (Haziran 2021): 193-208. https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.852860.
EndNote Tevetoğlu M (01 Haziran 2021) ETHEREUM ve AKILLI SÖZLEŞMELER. İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 12 1 193–208.
IEEE M. Tevetoğlu, “ETHEREUM ve AKILLI SÖZLEŞMELER”, İnÜHFD, c. 12, sy. 1, ss. 193–208, 2021, doi: 10.21492/inuhfd.852860.
ISNAD Tevetoğlu, Mete. “ETHEREUM Ve AKILLI SÖZLEŞMELER”. İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 12/1 (Haziran 2021), 193-208. https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.852860.
JAMA Tevetoğlu M. ETHEREUM ve AKILLI SÖZLEŞMELER. İnÜHFD. 2021;12:193–208.
MLA Tevetoğlu, Mete. “ETHEREUM Ve AKILLI SÖZLEŞMELER”. İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 12, sy. 1, 2021, ss. 193-08, doi:10.21492/inuhfd.852860.
Vancouver Tevetoğlu M. ETHEREUM ve AKILLI SÖZLEŞMELER. İnÜHFD. 2021;12(1):193-208.

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