ETHEREUM ve AKILLI SÖZLEŞMELER

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 193 - 208, 30.06.2021

Mete Tevetoğlu

https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.852860

Cited By: 8

Öz

Borcun kaynaklarından biri olan sözleşmelerin temelinde tarafların sözleşme yapmak konusunda iradelerini açıklamaları ve bu iradelerin birbiri ile uyuşması yatar. Sözleşmesel yükümlülüklerin sözleşmelerde düzenlenen şekilde yerine getirilmesi önemlidir. Bu nokta, taraflarının iradelerine tabi olup ve birbirlerine yönelik karşılıklı güvenlerine dayanır. Sözleşmelerin gereği gibi ifası, dayanağı ve kaynağı bakımından hassas, zayıf ve kırılgandır. Zira, taraflar her zaman birbirlerinin iradelerini tam ve doğru şekilde anlayamayabilir. Yine böylesine akitlerde taraflar, aradan geçen zamanın veya değişen şartların etkisiyle yahut ortada bunun için zorlayıcı bir sebep yokken bile sözleşmeye yansıyan iradesine konu taahhüdünü tam veya zamanında yerine getirmekten kaçınabilir. Güven esasına dayanan sözleşmelerin ifası itimat asimetrisi riskine ve taraf iradesinin zaaflarına tabidir. Teknoloji, güven ve sözleşmelerin ifa edilmesine dair bu risklerin giderilmesine çözüm getirebilir mi? İşte bu soru, Bitcoin ile ortaya çıkan Blokzincir teknolojisini pek çok yönden daha ileri taşıyan Ethereum ile birlikte daha fazla tartışılır, merak edilir hale gelmiştir. Ethereum ile beraber tekrar hatırlanan ve Blokzincir teknolojisi ile yeniden yorumlanan akıllı sözleşme kavramı mezkur sözleşmenin, taraflarının karşılıklı, subjektif güvenine mahkum edilmeden, kendi kendini ifa edebilmesinin yeniden tartışılmasına ve heyecanla karşılanmasına yol açmıştır. Bu makalede, Ethereum üzerinde geliştirilebilen ve uygulanabilen akıllı sözleşmelerin ne anlama geldiği, kendi kendini nasıl ifa edebildiği, gelecekteki teknoloji ve hukuk işbirliğine dair hangi etkileşimleri yarattığı ve bunların hukuki sonuçlarına incelenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Blokzincir, Ethereum, Teknoloji, Güven Asimetrisi, Akıllı Sözleşmeler

Destekleyen Kurum

Yazar bu çalışma için finansal destek almamıştır.

Proje Numarası

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ETHEREUM AND THE SMART CONRACTS

Öz

At the basis of the contracts, which are one of the sources of debt, lies the parties' declaration of their will to make a contract and the agreement of these wills with each other. It is important that contractual obligations are fulfilled as set out in contracts. This point is subject to the will of their parties and is based on their mutual trust in each other. Duly execution of contracts is sensitive, weak and fragile in terms of its basis and source. Because the parties may not always understand each other's wills fully and correctly. Again, in such contracts, the parties may refrain from fulfilling their commitment in full or on time due to the effect of the intervening time or changing conditions, or even if there is no compelling reason for this. The execution of trust-based contracts is subject to the risk of trust asymmetry and the weaknesses of the party's will. Can technology solve these risks of trust and fulfillment of contracts? This question has become more discussed and curious with Ethereum, which carries the Blockchain technology that emerged with Bitcoin further in many ways. The smart contract concept, which has been recalled with Ethereum and reinterpreted with Blockchain technology, has led to the discussion and enthusiasm of the mentioned contract's self-performance without being condemned to the mutual, subjective trust of its parties. This article focuses what smart contracts can be developed and implemented on Ethereum mean, how they can self-fulfill, what interactions they create for future technology and legal cooperation, and their legal consequences.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Blochchain, Ethereum, Technology, Smart Contracts, Trust Asymetry

Proje Numarası

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Kaynakça

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