EVALUATION AND OPINIONS ON THE WORLD BANK’S 2019-2020 TURKEY REPORT ON RESOLVING INSOLVENCY AND DOING BUSINESS

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 29 - 47, 30.06.2022

İbrahim Ermenek , Mustafa Alper Ener

https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.1031008

Cited By: 1

Öz

Foreign investments play a dominant role in the development of the economies of states. Competition between states aiming at attracting investments to their countries encourages them to create a more favorable investment climate and to minimize legal and economic risks an investor might encounter in their countries. Hence, it has significant importance for investors and governments to be informed about the investment climate and good practices in the world. In line with this objective, the World Bank comparatively and individually evaluates the investment climate offered by governments and brings it to the attention of investors and governments in its annual Doing Business Reports. The main purpose of these reports is to create a data source for countries and investors and to encourage governments to reform in the areas covered. One of the areas examined by the World Bank in the aforementioned reports is resolving insolvency. This article provides information on Doing Business Reports and the topic of resolving insolvency and examines good practices that ensure the effectiveness of insolvency proceedings. Finally, an analysis of Turkey's insolvency regime according to country reports is made and the Turkish insolvency system is evaluated considering good practices.

Anahtar Kelimeler

World Bank, Doing Business Report, Resolving Insolvency, Good Practices, Investment Climate, Investment Law

ÖDEME ACZİNİN ÇÖZÜMLENMESİ VE İŞ YAPMA KOLAYLIĞI HAKKINDA DÜNYA BANKASI’NIN 2019-2020 TÜRKİYE RAPORU’NA İLİŞKİN TESPİT VE DEĞERLENDİRMELER

Öz

Yabancı yatırımlar devletlerin ekonomilerinin gelişiminde başat bir rol oynamaktadır. Sınırlı yatırımı kendi ülkelerine çekebilmek amacıyla devletlerarasında yaşanan rekabet, devletleri yatırımcılar için uygun bir yatırım iklimi yaratmaya ve ülkelerindeki hukuki ve iktisadi riskleri asgari düzeye indirmeye teşvik etmektedir. Bu sebeple, yatırımcıların ve devletlerin, yatırım ortamı ve dünyadaki iyi uygulamalar hakkında bilgi sahibi olması önem taşımaktadır. Bu amaca yönelik olarak, Dünya Bankası, devletlerin sundukları yatırım ortamını hem mukayeseli hem de münferit olarak değerlendirmekte ve yıllık olarak yayınladığı İş Yapma Kolaylığı Raporlarında yatırımcıların ve devletlerin dikkatine sunmaktadır. Bu raporların başlıca amacı ülkeler ve yatırımcılar için bir bilgi kaynağı oluşturulması ve bu alanlarda devletlerin reform yapmalarının teşvik edilmesidir. Dünya Bankası’nın söz konusu raporlarda incelediği alanlardan biri, ödeme aczinin çözümlenmesi başlığıdır. Bu makalede, İş Yapma Kolaylığı Raporları ve ödeme aczinin çözümlenmesi başlığı hakkında bilgi verilmekte ve ödeme aczi işlemlerinin etkinliğini sağlayan iyi uygulamalar incelenmektedir. Nihayet Türkiye’nin ödeme aczi rejiminin ülke raporlarına göre bir incelemesi yapılmakta ve iyi uygulamalar karşısında Türk ödeme aczi sistemi değerlendirilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dünya Bankası, İş Yapma Kolaylığı Raporu, Ödeme Aczinin Çözümlenmesi, İyi Uygulamalar, Yatırım Ortamı, Yatırım Hukuku

Kaynakça

• ARMOUR, John/MENEZES, Antonia/UTTAMCHANDANI, Mahesh/van ZEITEN, Kristin: “How Creditor Rights Affect Debt Finance”, in Frederique Dahan, Research Handbook on Secured Financing in Commercial Transactions. Elgar Publishing, 2015, s.3-25.
• BUDAK, Ali Cem: “Ödeme Güçlüğü İçindeki İşletmelerin Rehabilitasyonu ile ilgili Usullerin Amacı Işığında İcra ve İflas Kanunu’ndaki 5092 Sayılı Kanun Değişikliği”, Maltepe Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, (1), 2006, s.257-275.
• CIRMIZI, Elena/KLAPPER, Leora/UTTAMCHANDANI, Mahesh: “The Challenges of Bankruptcy Reform”, Policy Research Working Paper No: 5448, The World Bank Research Observer, 27(2), August 2012, s.185-203.
• CLAESSENS, Stijn/KLAPPER, Leora F.: “Bankruptcy Around the World: Explanations of Its Relative Use”, Policy Research Working Paper No: 2865, World Bank Development Research Group, Washington DC July 2002.
• DJANKOV, Simeon: “Bankruptcy Regimes during Financial Distress”, World Bank, Washington DC May 2009.
• DJANKOV, Simeon/HART, Oliver/McLIESH, Caralee/SHLEIFER, Andrei: “Debt Enforcement around the World”, Journal of Political Economy, 116(6), 2008, s.1105–1149.
• ENER, Mustafa Alper: Uluslararası Yatırım Hukuku, Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara 2021.
• ERMENEK, İbrahim: İflâsın Ertelenmesi, 2. Baskı, Adalet Yayınevi, Ankara 2010.
• KÖKÜSARI, İsmail: Anayasa Hukukunda Hukuki Güvenlik İlkesi, Ankara 2015, s.145.
• MEIER, Isaak: “Etkin Bir Yeniden Yapılandırma Usulü: Türk Hukukundaki Değişiklikler Bakımından İsviçre Hukukundaki Gelişmeler”, Medeni Usul ve İcra-İflas Hukukçuları Toplantısı – VIII, Ankara 2010. s.119-159.
• NEIRA, Julian: “Bankruptcy and Cross-Country Differences in Productivity”, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 157, 2019, s.359-381.
• ROBERT-TISSOT, Fabrice: “The Effects of a Reorganization on (Executory) Contracts: A Comparative Law and Policy Study [United States, France, Germany, Switzerland]”, International Insolvency Institute, Twelfth Annual International Insolvency Conference, Supreme Court of France, Paris 21-22 June 2012.
• ŞENCAN, Derya: “Ekonomik ve Hukuki Sonuçları İtibariyle İflas Erteleme ve Konkordato Müesseselerinin Karşılaştırmalı Analizi”, Gümrük Ticaret Dergisi, 16, 2019, s.27-42.
• TANRIVER, Süha: “İflas Dışı Adı̇ Konkordatoya İlişkin Güncel Sorunlar ve Bazı Değerlendirmeler”, Medeni Usul ve İcra-İflas Hukukçuları Toplantısı – VIII, Ankara 2010, s.255-280.
• UNCITRAL: Legislative Guide on Insolvency Law, Part Four: Directors’ Obligations in the Period Approaching Insolvency, 2nd Edition, United Nations Publication, New York 2020.
• UNCITRAL: Legislative Guide on Insolvency Law, Part Three: Treatment of Enterprise Groups in Insolvency, United Nations Publication, New York 2012.
• UNCITRAL: Legislative Guide on Insolvency Law, United Nations Publication, New York 2005.
• World Bank Group: Doing Business 2012: Doing Business in a More Transparent World (Doing Business 2012), World Bank and International Finance Corporation, Washington DC 2012.
• World Bank Group: Doing Business 2018: Reforming to Create Jobs, World Bank Group Publications, Washington DC 2018.
• World Bank Group: Doing Business 2019: Training for Reform (Doing Business 2019), World Bank Group Publications, Washington DC 2019.
• World Bank Group: Doing Business 2020 Comparing Business Regulation in 190 Economies, Economy Profile Turkey (Economy Profile Turkey 2020), Washington DC 2019.
• World Bank Group: Doing Business 2020 Comparing Business Regulation in 190 Economies, Economy Profile Norway, Washington DC 2019.
• World Bank Group: Doing Business 2020: Comparing Business Regulation in 190 Economies (Doing Business 2020), World Bank Publications, Washington DC 2020.
• World Bank Group: Doing Business in 2004: Understanding Regulation, World Bank and Oxford University Press, Washington DC 2004.
• World Bank Group: Private Sector Development Strategy – Directions for the World Bank Group No: 44933, World Bank Publications, Washington DC 2002.
• World Bank: “Doing Business Report: Turkey is a Top Improver for First Time, with Record Business Reforms”, Press Release 31 October 2018, Ankara, https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2018/10/31/doing-business-report-turkey-is-a-top-improver-for-first-time-with-record-business-reforms, (Erişim Tarihi: 25.05.2020).
• World Bank: Data, GDP per capita (current USD) - Turkey, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?locations=TR, (Erişim Tarihi: 25.05.2020).
• World Bank: Doing Business Measuring Business Regulations, Resolving Insolvency, Why It Matters?, https://www.doingbusiness.org/en/data/exploretopics/resolving-insolvency/why-matters, (Erişim Tarihi: 28.11.2021).
• World Bank: Doing Business Measuring Business Regulations, Resolving Insolvency, Frequently Asked Questions, https://www.doingbusiness.org/en/data/exploretopics/resolving-insolvency/faq, (Erişim Tarihi: 28.11.2021).
• World Bank: Doing Business Measuring Business Regulations, Resolving Insolvency Methodology (Resolving Insolvency Methodology), https://www.doingbusiness.org/en/methodology/resolving-insolvency, (Erişim Tarihi: 18.09.2021).
• World Bank: Doing Business Measuring Business Regulations, Resolving Insolvency, Good Practices (Good Practices), https://www.doingbusiness.org/en/data/exploretopics/resolving-insolvency/good-practices, (Erişim Tarihi: 18.09.2021).
• World Bank: Principles for Effective Insolvency and Creditor/Debtor Regimes, 2016 Edition, World Bank Publications, Washington DC 2016.
• World Bank: Principles for Effective Insolvency and Creditor/Debtor Regimes, 2021 Edition, World Bank Publications, Washington DC 2021.
• YEŞİLIRMAK, Ali: Türkiye’de Ticari Hayatın ve Yatırım Ortamının İyileştirilmesi İçin Uyuşmazlıkların Etkin Çözümünde Doğrudan Görüşme, Arabuluculuk, Hakem-Bilirkişilik ve Tahkim: Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri, On İki Levha Yayıncılık, İstanbul 2011.