MÜLTECİLERİN GEÇİCİ KORUNMASI: KALICI ÇÖZÜMLERİN BAŞARISIZLIĞI VE BELİRSİZLİKLER

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 16 - 28, 30.06.2022

İrem Şengül

https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.992439

Cited By: 2

Öz

Geçici koruma 1970lerden bu yana farklı bölgelerde (Güneydoğu Asya, Avrupa, Ortadoğu) geniş ölçekli mülteci hareketlerine pratik bir müdahale olarak tartışılmış, teşvik edilmiş ve uygulanmıştır. Yine de, bu yaygın uygulama alanına rağmen geçici korumadan ne kastedildiği açık değildir ve politik ve akademik çevrelerde sıklıkla tartışılmaktadır. Geçici korumanın standartlaştırılması ve geliştirilmesi yönündeki çabalar geçici koruma alanındaki çalışmalara yön vermektedir. Bu makale, yalnızca geçici koruma nedir veya nasıl olmalıdır sorularına cevap aramak yerine, göz ardı edilen bir soruya odaklanarak literatüre katkı sağlamaktadır: Uluslararası mülteci rejiminde geçici koruma kategorisi nasıl ve neden ortaya çıkmıştır ve ne gibi sonuçları olmuştur? Geçici koruma üzerine yayınlanmış politika kılavuzları, yumuşak hukuk araçları ve literatürdeki araştırmalar incelenerek geçici korumanın tepeden inme bir şekilde devlet çıkarlarını önceleyerek ortaya çıktığı gösterilmektedir. Geçici korumanın gelişimini ve sonuçlarını açarken uluslararası mülteci rejimindeki geleneksel kalıcı çözümlerin başarısızlığı ve geçici korumanın içkin belirsizlikleri arasındaki ilişki temel alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma geleneksel kalıcı çözümlerin başarısızlığı bağlamında geçici korumanın devlet çıkarları doğrultusunda bir mülteci yönetim aracı olarak belirsizlikler yarattığını ve bu belirsizlikleri devam ettirdiğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Geçici Koruma, Kalıcı Çözümler, Mülteci Hukuku, Belirsizlik

UNPACKING TEMPORARY PROTECTION OF REFUGEES: FAILURE OF DURABLE SOLUTIONS AND UNCERTAINTIES

Öz

Temporary protection has been discussed, promoted, and implemented in different regions (Southeast Asia, Europe, Middle East) since 1970s as a practical response for large-scale refugee movements. Nevertheless, despite its wide usage and implementation, what is meant by temporary protection is not clear, and frequently debated in policy and academic circles. The attempts to standardize/improve temporary protection frameworks dominate the studies on temporary protection. Rather than solely focusing on what is temporary protection or what it should be, this article makes a novel contribution to the literature by asking a neglected question: how and why has the category of temporary protection been developed in the contemporary international refugee regime and with what consequences? By focusing on the policy guidelines, soft-law instruments, and existing literature on temporary protection, it shows that temporary protection has been developed in a top-down manner focusing solely on the state interests. The failure of durable solutions framework in international refugee regime and inherent uncertainties of temporary protection are intrinsically related to each other and their relation is taken as key to unpack the development and consequences of temporary protection regimes. This article concludes that temporary protection both creates and maintains uncertainty as a refugee management strategy which speaks to state interests in the context of the failure traditional durable solutions framework.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Temporary Protection, Durable Solutions, Refugee Law, Uncertainty

Kaynakça

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