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The Mediterranean: Not a Union, but an Integrated Space?

Yıl 2018, Akdeniz Özel Sayısı, 0 - 0, 02.08.2018

Öz

This study examines several multilateral cooperation initiatives in the Mediterranean and by discussin

g their failures in generating a genuine cooperation, it hypothesizes about an integrated Mediterranean

space, where prime challenges might lead to a loose functional framework of integration. In putting

forward this hypothetical integrated space, the study begins with discussing prime challenges in the

region: security, migration and environment, and it proceeds with early multilateral cooperation

attempts. Among these, it focuses its attention on two ambitious ones: Euro-Mediterranean Partnership

and the Union for the Mediterranean, and underlines the disappointments in these attempts in realizing

peace and prosperity in the region. The study concludes that an integrated space in the Mediterranean,

which takes European integration experience as a model, might offer a better solution to the common

problems in the region with a precondition that southern Mediterranean states are provided a clear

perspective in a sincere and equal partnership.

Kaynakça

  • Baldwin-Edwards, M. (2005). Migration in the Middle East and the Mediterranean, 1-38. Geneva: Global Commission on International Migration. Balfour, R. (2009). The Transformation of the Union for the Mediterranean: Profile. Mediterranean Politics, 14(1), 99-105. Balfour, R., & Schmid, D. (2008). Union for the Mediterranean, disunity for the EU. EPC Policy Brief. Barcelona Process, (2001). http://www.barcelona.com/barcelona_news/the_barcelona_process_o r_euro_ mediterranean_partnership (accessed 8 July 2017). Black, J., et al. (2017). Troubled waters: a snapshot of security challenges in the Mediterranean region. California: Rand Corporation. Borrell, J. (2010). “Yes the Barcelona Process was “mission impossible”, but the EU can learn from that”, Global Europe, http://europesworld.org/2010/10/01/yes-the-barcelona-process-was-missionimpossible- but-the-eu-can-learn-from-that/#.WWFNHMbBL-Y (accessed 8 July 2017). Brauch, H. G. (2001). ‘What is the Mediterranean?’ Paper presented in Canterbury Workshop – Security and the Environment in the Mediterranean in the 20th Century, 8-10 September 2001. Brummett, P. (2007). Visions of the Mediterranean: A classification. Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies, 37(1), 9-55. Castles, S., Haas, H. & Miller, M. J. (2013). The Age of Migration: International Population Movements in the Modern World, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Cem Taha, İ. N. (2005). Interview with Dr. Javier Solana, http://www.global-leaders.tv/en/archive/javier_ solana.asp, (accessed 7 July 2017). Charlton, A. (2008). ‘Sarkozy launches union for Mediterranean region’, Boston News, http://archive.boston. com/news/world/europe/articles/2008/07/14/sarkozy_launches_union_for_mediterranean_ region/ (accessed 02 August 2017). Cornelius, W. A., & Tsuda, T. (2004). Controlling immigration: The limits of government intervention. Controlling immigration: A global perspective, 2, 3-48. Doğan, E. (2008). ‘The Idea of Mediterranean Union and Turkey’, Global Strateji Dergisi 4 (14), 96-103. European Commission, (2016). ‘European Neighborhood Policy’, https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhoodenlargement/ neighbourhood/overview_en (accessed 28 July 2017). Euro-Mediterranean Conference, (27-28 November 1995). Barcelona Declaration. European Environment Agency (2006). Priority Issues in the Mediterranean. No 4/2006. Copenhagen: European Environment Agency. European Environment Agency (2015). ‘Mediterranean Sea Region’, https://www.eea.europa.eu/soer-2015/ countries/mediterranean (accessed 23 July 2017). Geddes, A. (2005). ‘Europe’s Border Relationships and International Migration Relations’ in Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol. 43, No. 4, 787 – 806. Gillespie, R. (2008). A ‘Union for the Mediterranean’… or for the EU? Profile. Mediterranean Politics, 13(2), 277-286. Gillespie, R. (2013). The challenge of co-ownership in the Euro-Mediterranean space. Geopolitics, 18(1), 178-197. Gonzales-Enriquez, C. (2010). Spain: Irregularity as a Rule. In A. Triandafyllidou (ed.) Irregular Migration in Europe: Myths and Realities (pp.247-267). Farnham: Ashgate. Haas, H. de (2011). ‘Mediterranean migration futures: Patterns, drivers and scenarios’, Global Environmental Change, Vol. 21, 59-69. İçduygu, A. (2005). Transit migration in Turkey: Trends, patterns and issues. IEMed. (2016). Mediterranean Yearbook 2016. Barcelona: IEMed. International Organization for Migration (IOM). (2008). World Migration Report 2008: Managing Labour Mobility in the Evolving Global Economy, Geneva. Irshaid, F. (2 December 2015). ‘Isis, Isil, IS or Daesh? One group, many names’, BBC News, http://www.bbc. com/news/world-middle-east-27994277 (accessed 20 July 2017). Joffe, G. (2008). ‘Whiter Sarkozy’s Mediterranean Union?’ http://carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=20519 (accessed 28 July 2017). Lefebvre, Henri (1991). The Production of Space. Blackwell: Oxford UK, Cambridge US. Lutterbeck, D. (2006). Policing migration in the Mediterranean: ESSAY. Mediterranean politics, 11(1), 59- 82. Lutterbeck, D. (2006). Coping with Europe’s boat people. Trends and policy dilemmas in controlling the EU’s Mediterranean borders. Mediterranean Politics, 11(1), 59-82. Lutterbeck, D., & Engelbrecht, G. (2009). The West and Russia in the Mediterranean: Towards a Renewed Rivalry?. Mediterranean Politics, 14(3), 385-406. NATO. (2015). ‘NATO Mediterranean Dialogue’, http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_60021.htm? (accessed 13 July 2017). ODIHR. (2010). Election Observation Handbook. Warsaw: OSCE. OECD. (2016). Promoting Investment in the Mediterranean. https://www.oecd.org/investment/Promoting- Investment-in-the-Mediterranean-EN.pdf (accessed 25 July 2017). Ormancı, B. (2000). Mediterranean Security Concerns and NATO’s Mediterranean Dialogue, Paper submitted to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. OSCE. (2015). The OSCE Mediterranean Partnership for Cooperation: A Compilation of Relevant Documents and Information. Vienna: OSCE. Plan Bleu (2017). ‘Environment and Development in the Mediterranean’, http://planbleu.org/en/activites/ water (accessed 23 July 2017). Soja, E.W. (1971). The Political Organization of Space. AAG Resource Paper. No:8. Washington D.C. The World Bank (2017). GDP Per Capita. http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP. CD?locations=AL-MC (accessed 25 July 2017). Tovias, A. (1998). ‘Spain’s input in shaping the EU’s Mediterranean Policies, 1986 – 1996’ in Mediterranean Historical Review, Vol. 13, No. 1 – 2, 216 – 234. Triandafyllidou, A. & Vogel, D. (2010). Irregular Migration in the European Union: Evidence, Facts and Myths. In A. Triandafyllidou (ed.) Irregular Migration in Europe: Myths and Realities (pp. 291 – 299). Farnham: Ashgate,. Tsardanidis, C. & Guerra, S. (2000). The EU Mediterranean States, the Migration Issue and the ‘Threat’ from the South’. In R. King and G. Lazaridis (eds.) Eldorado or Fortress: Migration in Southern Europe (pp. 321 – 34). New York: Palgrave Macmillan. UfM Secretariat. (2017). History of the Union for the Mediterranean. http://ufmsecretariat.org/history/ (accessed 28 July 2017). UfM Parliamentary Assembly. (2017). Background of the Union for the Mediterranean. http://www.paufm. org (accessed 28 July 2017). UN (2012). Social Indicators. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/ (accessed 25 July 2017). UNHCR. (2010). Convention and Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees. http://www.unhcr.org/protect/ PROTECTION/3b66c2aa10.pdf (accessed 11 August 2017). UNHCR. (2017). Mediterranean Situation: Arrivals by Sea. https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/ mediterranean (accessed 22 July 2017). Wolff, S. (2008). ‘Border Management in the Mediterranean: internal, external and ethical challenges’, Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 21 (2), 253-271. Zaafrane, H., & Mahjoub, A. (2000). The Euro‐Mediterranean free trade zone: Economic challenges and social impacts on the countries of the South and East Mediterranean. Mediterranean Politics, 5 (1), 9-32.
Yıl 2018, Akdeniz Özel Sayısı, 0 - 0, 02.08.2018

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Baldwin-Edwards, M. (2005). Migration in the Middle East and the Mediterranean, 1-38. Geneva: Global Commission on International Migration. Balfour, R. (2009). The Transformation of the Union for the Mediterranean: Profile. Mediterranean Politics, 14(1), 99-105. Balfour, R., & Schmid, D. (2008). Union for the Mediterranean, disunity for the EU. EPC Policy Brief. Barcelona Process, (2001). http://www.barcelona.com/barcelona_news/the_barcelona_process_o r_euro_ mediterranean_partnership (accessed 8 July 2017). Black, J., et al. (2017). Troubled waters: a snapshot of security challenges in the Mediterranean region. California: Rand Corporation. Borrell, J. (2010). “Yes the Barcelona Process was “mission impossible”, but the EU can learn from that”, Global Europe, http://europesworld.org/2010/10/01/yes-the-barcelona-process-was-missionimpossible- but-the-eu-can-learn-from-that/#.WWFNHMbBL-Y (accessed 8 July 2017). Brauch, H. G. (2001). ‘What is the Mediterranean?’ Paper presented in Canterbury Workshop – Security and the Environment in the Mediterranean in the 20th Century, 8-10 September 2001. Brummett, P. (2007). Visions of the Mediterranean: A classification. Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies, 37(1), 9-55. Castles, S., Haas, H. & Miller, M. J. (2013). The Age of Migration: International Population Movements in the Modern World, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Cem Taha, İ. N. (2005). Interview with Dr. Javier Solana, http://www.global-leaders.tv/en/archive/javier_ solana.asp, (accessed 7 July 2017). Charlton, A. (2008). ‘Sarkozy launches union for Mediterranean region’, Boston News, http://archive.boston. com/news/world/europe/articles/2008/07/14/sarkozy_launches_union_for_mediterranean_ region/ (accessed 02 August 2017). Cornelius, W. A., & Tsuda, T. (2004). Controlling immigration: The limits of government intervention. Controlling immigration: A global perspective, 2, 3-48. Doğan, E. (2008). ‘The Idea of Mediterranean Union and Turkey’, Global Strateji Dergisi 4 (14), 96-103. European Commission, (2016). ‘European Neighborhood Policy’, https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhoodenlargement/ neighbourhood/overview_en (accessed 28 July 2017). Euro-Mediterranean Conference, (27-28 November 1995). Barcelona Declaration. European Environment Agency (2006). Priority Issues in the Mediterranean. No 4/2006. Copenhagen: European Environment Agency. European Environment Agency (2015). ‘Mediterranean Sea Region’, https://www.eea.europa.eu/soer-2015/ countries/mediterranean (accessed 23 July 2017). Geddes, A. (2005). ‘Europe’s Border Relationships and International Migration Relations’ in Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol. 43, No. 4, 787 – 806. Gillespie, R. (2008). A ‘Union for the Mediterranean’… or for the EU? Profile. Mediterranean Politics, 13(2), 277-286. Gillespie, R. (2013). The challenge of co-ownership in the Euro-Mediterranean space. Geopolitics, 18(1), 178-197. Gonzales-Enriquez, C. (2010). Spain: Irregularity as a Rule. In A. Triandafyllidou (ed.) Irregular Migration in Europe: Myths and Realities (pp.247-267). Farnham: Ashgate. Haas, H. de (2011). ‘Mediterranean migration futures: Patterns, drivers and scenarios’, Global Environmental Change, Vol. 21, 59-69. İçduygu, A. (2005). Transit migration in Turkey: Trends, patterns and issues. IEMed. (2016). Mediterranean Yearbook 2016. Barcelona: IEMed. International Organization for Migration (IOM). (2008). World Migration Report 2008: Managing Labour Mobility in the Evolving Global Economy, Geneva. Irshaid, F. (2 December 2015). ‘Isis, Isil, IS or Daesh? One group, many names’, BBC News, http://www.bbc. com/news/world-middle-east-27994277 (accessed 20 July 2017). Joffe, G. (2008). ‘Whiter Sarkozy’s Mediterranean Union?’ http://carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=20519 (accessed 28 July 2017). Lefebvre, Henri (1991). The Production of Space. Blackwell: Oxford UK, Cambridge US. Lutterbeck, D. (2006). Policing migration in the Mediterranean: ESSAY. Mediterranean politics, 11(1), 59- 82. Lutterbeck, D. (2006). Coping with Europe’s boat people. Trends and policy dilemmas in controlling the EU’s Mediterranean borders. Mediterranean Politics, 11(1), 59-82. Lutterbeck, D., & Engelbrecht, G. (2009). The West and Russia in the Mediterranean: Towards a Renewed Rivalry?. Mediterranean Politics, 14(3), 385-406. NATO. (2015). ‘NATO Mediterranean Dialogue’, http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_60021.htm? (accessed 13 July 2017). ODIHR. (2010). Election Observation Handbook. Warsaw: OSCE. OECD. (2016). Promoting Investment in the Mediterranean. https://www.oecd.org/investment/Promoting- Investment-in-the-Mediterranean-EN.pdf (accessed 25 July 2017). Ormancı, B. (2000). Mediterranean Security Concerns and NATO’s Mediterranean Dialogue, Paper submitted to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. OSCE. (2015). The OSCE Mediterranean Partnership for Cooperation: A Compilation of Relevant Documents and Information. Vienna: OSCE. Plan Bleu (2017). ‘Environment and Development in the Mediterranean’, http://planbleu.org/en/activites/ water (accessed 23 July 2017). Soja, E.W. (1971). The Political Organization of Space. AAG Resource Paper. No:8. Washington D.C. The World Bank (2017). GDP Per Capita. http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP. CD?locations=AL-MC (accessed 25 July 2017). Tovias, A. (1998). ‘Spain’s input in shaping the EU’s Mediterranean Policies, 1986 – 1996’ in Mediterranean Historical Review, Vol. 13, No. 1 – 2, 216 – 234. Triandafyllidou, A. & Vogel, D. (2010). Irregular Migration in the European Union: Evidence, Facts and Myths. In A. Triandafyllidou (ed.) Irregular Migration in Europe: Myths and Realities (pp. 291 – 299). Farnham: Ashgate,. Tsardanidis, C. & Guerra, S. (2000). The EU Mediterranean States, the Migration Issue and the ‘Threat’ from the South’. In R. King and G. Lazaridis (eds.) Eldorado or Fortress: Migration in Southern Europe (pp. 321 – 34). New York: Palgrave Macmillan. UfM Secretariat. (2017). History of the Union for the Mediterranean. http://ufmsecretariat.org/history/ (accessed 28 July 2017). UfM Parliamentary Assembly. (2017). Background of the Union for the Mediterranean. http://www.paufm. org (accessed 28 July 2017). UN (2012). Social Indicators. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/ (accessed 25 July 2017). UNHCR. (2010). Convention and Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees. http://www.unhcr.org/protect/ PROTECTION/3b66c2aa10.pdf (accessed 11 August 2017). UNHCR. (2017). Mediterranean Situation: Arrivals by Sea. https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/ mediterranean (accessed 22 July 2017). Wolff, S. (2008). ‘Border Management in the Mediterranean: internal, external and ethical challenges’, Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 21 (2), 253-271. Zaafrane, H., & Mahjoub, A. (2000). The Euro‐Mediterranean free trade zone: Economic challenges and social impacts on the countries of the South and East Mediterranean. Mediterranean Politics, 5 (1), 9-32.
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm International Journal of Political Science & Urban Studies
Yazarlar

Deniz Genç Bu kişi benim

Erhan Doğan

Yayımlanma Tarihi 2 Ağustos 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Ekim 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Akdeniz Özel Sayısı

Kaynak Göster

APA Genç, D., & Doğan, E. (2018). The Mediterranean: Not a Union, but an Integrated Space?. International Journal of Political Science and Urban Studies, 6.
AMA Genç D, Doğan E. The Mediterranean: Not a Union, but an Integrated Space?. IPSUS. Ağustos 2018;6.
Chicago Genç, Deniz, ve Erhan Doğan. “The Mediterranean: Not a Union, But an Integrated Space?”. International Journal of Political Science and Urban Studies 6, Ağustos (Ağustos 2018).
EndNote Genç D, Doğan E (01 Ağustos 2018) The Mediterranean: Not a Union, but an Integrated Space?. International Journal of Political Science and Urban Studies 6
IEEE D. Genç ve E. Doğan, “The Mediterranean: Not a Union, but an Integrated Space?”, IPSUS, c. 6, 2018.
ISNAD Genç, Deniz - Doğan, Erhan. “The Mediterranean: Not a Union, But an Integrated Space?”. International Journal of Political Science and Urban Studies 6 (Ağustos 2018).
JAMA Genç D, Doğan E. The Mediterranean: Not a Union, but an Integrated Space?. IPSUS. 2018;6.
MLA Genç, Deniz ve Erhan Doğan. “The Mediterranean: Not a Union, But an Integrated Space?”. International Journal of Political Science and Urban Studies, c. 6, 2018.
Vancouver Genç D, Doğan E. The Mediterranean: Not a Union, but an Integrated Space?. IPSUS. 2018;6.