Religiosity, Economic Status, Environmental Concern, and Perceived Behavioral Effectiveness as Predictors of Buying Environmentally Friendly Products: A Quantitative Study of Turkish Muslims

Öz

The aim of the present study was to examine the roles of religiosity, economic status, environmental concern, perceived behavioral effectiveness, and environmental dominance in purchasing environmentally friendly products. The study also examined the role of gender in relation to religiosity, environmental concern, environmental dominance, and the inclination to buy green products. This study was conducted among Turkish Muslims. The sample included 618 respondents who ranged in age from 18 to 84 years, with a mean age of 28 years (SD=10.1). An online questionnaire technique was used through Google Drive. The following scales were applied: a Personal Information Form, Environmental Orientation of Possessions Scale, Questions about Environmental Awareness, Religiosity Scale, and Purification of Environmental Products. The findings indicated that religiosity, economic status, environmental concern, and perceived behavioral effectiveness had positive effects on the purchase of environmentally friendly products. In addition, the research findings demonstrate that gender influences individuals’ religiosity, environmental concerns, stance in relation to nature, and perceived behavioral effectiveness in buying green products. The consequences of these findings and recommendations for forthcoming research are discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Religiosity
• environmental concern
• perceived behavioral effectiveness
• environmental dominance
• buying environmentally friendly products

Kaynakça

1. Agyeman, Collins Marfo. “Consumers’ Buying Behavior Towards Green Products: An Exploratory Study”. International Journal of Management Research and Business Strategy 3/1 (January 2014), 188-197.
2. Alnıaçık, Ümit. “Çevreci Yönelim, Çevre Dostu Davranış ve Demografik Özellikler: Üniversite Öğrencileri Üzerinde Bir Araştırma”. SÜ İİBF Sosyal Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi 10/20 (December 2010), 507-532.
3. Ay, Canan - Ecevit, Zümrüt. “Çevre Bilinçli Tüketiciler”. Akdeniz İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi 10 (2005), 238-263.
4. Ayten, Ali. “Kimlik ve Din: İngiltere’deki Türk Gençleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma”. Çukurova Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 12/2 (July-December 2012), 101-119.
5. Ayten, Ali. “‘Sahip Olma’ mı ‘Emanet Görme’ mi? ‐Çevre Bilinci ve Dindarlık İlişkisi Üzerine Bir Araştırma‐”. Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi 10/2 (April 2010), 203‐233.
6. Aytekin, Mehmet - Büyükahraz, Gül. “The Impact of Between the Environmental Interest, Concern and Sensitivity Level and on Purchasing Behaviour of Environmentally Friendly Product”. International Journal of Business and Economic Development 1/3 (November 2013), 37-45.
7. Baydaş, Abdulvahap - Berdibek, Uğur. “Yeşil Ürün Satın Alma Davranışı ile Dini Değerlerin İlişkilendirilmesi: Bingöl İli Örneği”. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 17/2 (2020), 922-943. https://doi.org/10.33437/ksusbd.606222
8. Çabuk, Serap - Nakıboğlu, Burak - Keleş, Ceyda. “Tüketicilerin Yeşil (Ürün) Satın Alma Davranışlarının Sosyo-Demografik Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi”. Ç.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 17/1 (May 2008), 85-102.

9. Felix, Reto - Braunsberger, Karin. “I Believe Therefore I Care: The Relationship Between Religiosity, Environmental Attitudes, and Green Product Purchase in Mexico”. International Marketing Review 33/1 (February 2016), 137-155. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMR-07-2014-0216
10. Graafland, Johan. “Religiosity, Attitude, and the Demand for Socially Responsible Products”. Journal of Business Ethics 144/1 (August 2017), 121-138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2796-9
11. Harizan, Siti Haslina Md - Abdul Rahman, Wan Afezah Wan. “Spirituality of Green Purchase Behavior: Does Religious Segmentation Matter?”. Journal of Research in Marketing 6/3 (December 2016), 473-484.
12. Hassan, Siti Hasnah. “The Role of Islamic Values On Green Purchase Intention”. Journal of Islamic Marketing 5/3 (September 2014), 379-395. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-11-2013-0080
13. Islam, Tajamul - Uma Chandrasekaran. “Religiosity and Ecologically Conscious Consumption Behaviour”. Asian Journal of Business Research 5/2 (December 2015), 18-30. https://doi.org/10.14707/ajbr.150014
14. Kabadayı, Ebru Tümer - Dursun, İnci - Alan, Alev Koçak - Tuğer, Ahmet Tuğrul. “Green Purchase Intention of Young Turkish Consumers: Effects of Consumer’s Guilt, Self-Monitoring and Perceived Consumer Effectiveness”. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 207 (July 2015), 165-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.10.167
15. Khan, Mohammed Naved - Kirmani, Mohd Danish. “Role of Religiosity in Purchase of Green Products by Muslim Students: Empirical Evidences from India”. Journal of Islamic Marketing 9/3 (September 2018), 504-526. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-04-2017-0036
16. Kim, Yeonshin - Choi, Sejung Marina. “Antecedents of Green Purchase Behavior: An Examination of Collectivism, Environmental Concern, and PCE”. NA - Advances in Consumer Research Volume 32. Edited by Geeta Menon and Akshay R. Rao. 592-599. Duluth, MN : Association for Consumer Research, 2005.
17. Lee, Kaman. “Gender Differences in Hong Kong Adolescent Consumers’ Green Purchasing Behavior”. Journal of Consumer Marketing 26/2 (March 2009), 87-96. https://doi.org/10.1108/07363760910940456
18. Ling-Yee, Li. “Effect of Collectivist Orientation and Ecological Attitude on Actual Environmental Commitment: The Moderating Role of Consumer Demographics and Product Involvement”. Journal of International Consumer Marketing 9/4 (July 1997), 31-53. https://doi.org/10.1300/J046v09n04_03
19. Mainieri, Tina - Barnett, Elaine G. - Valdero, Trisha R. - Unipan, John B. - Oskamp, Stuart. “Green Buying: The Influence of Environmental Concern on Consumer Behavior”. The Journal of Social Psychology 137/2 (April 1997), 189-204. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224549709595430
20. Maslow, A. H. “A Theory of Human Motivation”. Psychological Review 50/4 (1943), 370-396. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0054346
21. McCarty, John A. - Shrum, L. J. “The Influence of Individualism, Collectivism, and Locus of Control on Environmental Beliefs and Behavior”. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 20/1 (March 2001), 93-104.
22. Minton, Elizabeth A. - Kahle, Lynn R. - Kim, Chung-Hyun. “Religion and Motives for Sustainable Behaviors: A Cross-Cultural Comparison and Contrast”. Journal of Business Research 68/9 (September 2015), 1937-1944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.01.003
23. Moisander, Johanna. “Motivational Complexity of Green Consumerism”. International Journal of Consumer Studies 31/4 (July 2007), 404-409. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2007.00586.x
24. Pagiaslis, Anastasios - Krystallis Krontalis, Athanasios. “Green Consumption Behavior Antecedents: Environmental Concern, Knowledge, and Beliefs”. Psychology and Marketing 31/5 (May 2014), 335-348. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20698
25. Palmer, Martin - Finlay, Victoria. Faith in Conservation: New Approaches to Religions and the Environment. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 2003.
26. Peifer, Jared L. - Khalsa, Simranjit - Ecklund, Elaine Howard. “Political Conservatism, Religion, and Environmental Consumption in the United States”. Environmental Politics 25/4 (March 2016), 661-689. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2016.1159604
27. Polonsky, Michael Jay - Rosenberger III, Philip J. “Reevaluating Green Marketing: A Strategic Approach”. Business Horizons 44/5 (September - October 2001), 21-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-6813(01)80057-4
28. Roberts, James A. “Green Consumers in the 1990s: Profile and Implications for Advertising”. Journal of Business Research 36/3 (July 1996), 217-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-2963(95)00150-6
29. Roberts, James A. - Bacon, Donald R. “Exploring the Subtle Relationships Between Environmental Concern and Ecologically Conscious Consumer Behavior”. Journal of Business Research 40/1 (September 1997), 79-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(96)00280-9
30. Schahn, Joachim - Holzer, Erwin. “Studies of Individual Environmental Concern: The Role of Knowledge, Gender, and Background Variables”. Environment and Behavior 22/6 (November 1990), 767-786. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916590226003
31. Sönmez, Elif - Yerlikaya, Zekeriya. “Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Çevresel Bilgi Düzeyleri ve Çevreye Yönelik Tutumları Üzerine Bir Alan Araştırması: Kastamonu İli Örneği”. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi 25/3 (May 2017), 1239-1249.
32. Straughan, Robert D. - Roberts, James A. “Environmental Segmentation Alternatives: A Look at Green Consumer Behavior in the New Millennium”. Journal of Consumer Marketing 16/6 (December 1999), 558-575. https://doi.org/10.1108/07363769910297506
33. Tayfun, Nihan Özgüven - Öçlü, Burak. “Çevreci Ürünlerin Tüketicilerin Satın Alma Kararlarındaki Yeri Üzerine Bir Uygulama”. Niğde Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 9/3 (July 2016), 185-198.
34. Tilikidou, Irene. “The Effects of Knowledge and Attitudes upon Greeks’ Pro-Environmental Purchasing Behaviour”. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management 14/3 (July 2007), 121-134. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.123
35. Vermeir, Iris - Verbeke, Wim. “Sustainable Food Consumption: Exploring the Consumer ‘Attitude-Behavioral Intention’ Gap”. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 19/2 (April 2006), 169-194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10806-005-5485-3
36. Vogel, David. “How Green Is Judaism? Exploring Jewish Environmental Ethics”. Business Ethics Quarterly 11/2 (2001), 349-363. https://doi.org/10.2307/3857753
37. White Jr., Lynn. “The Historical Roots of Our Ecological Crisis”. Science 155/3767 (March 1967), 1203-1207. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.155.3767.1203
38. Yücel, Mustafa - Ekmekçiler, Ümit Serkan. “Çevre Dostu Ürün Kavramına Bütünsel Yaklaşım: Temiz Üretim Sistemi, Eko-Etiket, Yeşil Pazarlama”. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 7/26 (2008), 320-333.
39. Yadav, Rambalak - Pathak, Govind Swaroop. “Young Consumers’ Intention Towards Buying Green Products in a Developing Nation: Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior”. Journal of Cleaner Production 135/2 (June 2016), 732-739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.06.120
40. Yapıcı, Asım. Ruh Sağlığı ve Din: Psikososyal Uyum ve Dindarlık. Adana: Karahan Kitabevi, 2007.