Taco ile Helal Arasında: Meksika'daki Müslüman Göçmenlerde Helal Gıda Erişimi ve Tüketimi Hakkında Bir Araştırma

Öz

Meksika'ya Müslüman göçünün artmasına rağmen, bu göçmenlerin, çoğunluğu Müslüman olmayan bir ortamda helal gıda konusunda nasıl bir yol takip ettiklerine ilişkin çok az şey bilinmektedir. Bu çalışma, planlanmış davranış teorisini (PDT) uygulayarak tutumların, öznel normların ve algılanan davranış kontrolünün beslenme seçimlerini nasıl etkilediğini araştırmaktadır. Meksiko'da 43 Müslüman göçmenle yapılan etnografik saha çalışması ve görüşmelere dayanan çalışma, katılımcıların çoğunun olumlu eğilimli ancak bağlama göre esnek bir tutum benimsediğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu tutum, dinî inançtan kaynaklanmakla birlikte, erişim sorunları, fıkhen cevaz verilen hususlar (örneğin, “Ehl-i Kitap” tarafından kesilen hayvanların eti) ve yerel yemek kültürüyle etkileşim kurma arzusuyla şekillenmektedir. Daha küçük bir grup, güçlü dinî bağlılık ve ebeveyn sorumluluğu nedeniyle helal tüketime sıkı sıkıya bağlı kalmaktadır. Uyum sağlama yönündeki sosyal baskı genellikle düşük olmakla birlikte, içselleştirilmiş aile beklentileri, hane içinde farklı kültürel etkiler sergileyen bireylerin müzakereyle uzlaşması ve dijital platformlar aracılığıyla yapılan ulusötesi durumun izlenmesinden etkilenmektedir. Yüksek maliyetler, helal ürünlerin sınırlı ulaşılabilirliği ve süreklilik arz eden gıda ihtiyacı gibi engeller, davranış kontrolünü daha da etkilemektedir. Bu bulgular, Müslüman göçmenlerin Meksika gibi sayıca önemsiz bir Müslüman azınlık ortamında dinî bağlılıklarını yaşamın pratik ve kültürel gerçekleriyle nasıl dengelediklerini vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İslam
• Meksika
• helal endüstrisi
• gıda
• Müslümanlar
• gıda tüketimi davranışı

Between Tacos and Ḥalāl: Exploring Ḥalāl Food Access and Consumption among Muslim Immigrants in Mexico City

Öz

Despite increasing Muslim migration to Mexico, little is known about how these immigrants navigate ḥalāl food practices in a predominantly non-Muslim setting. This study applies the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to explore how attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control influence dietary choices. Based on ethnographic fieldwork and interviews with 43 Muslim immigrants in Mexico City, the study reveals that most participants adopt a positively inclined yet contextually flexible stance – motivated by religious belief but shaped by access issues, fiqh-based allowances (e.g., meat of the animals slaughtered by the “People of the Book”), and a desire to engage with local food culture. A smaller group strictly adheres to ḥalāl consumption, driven by strong religious commitment and parental responsibility. Social pressure to conform is generally low but is influenced by internalized family expectations, intercultural household negotiations, and transnational monitoring through digital platforms. Barriers such as high costs, the limited availability of ḥalāl products, and persistent food cravings further affect behavioral control. These findings highlight how Muslim immigrants balance religious commitments with the practical and cultural realities of life within a numerically negligible Muslim minority setting such as Mexico.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Islam
• Mexico
• ḥalāl industry
• food
• Muslims
• food consumption behavior

Kaynakça

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