Referential Value of Ḥadīth Transmitter Criticism in the 2nd / 8th Century: The Case of Shuʿbah ibn al-Ḥajjāj

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 95 - 133, 24.06.2017

Halil İbrahim Turhan

https://doi.org/10.12730/13091719.2017.81.160

Öz

Criticism of ḥadīth transmitters is established as a scientific field for ḥadīths in the second quarter of the 8th century (2nd century AH). Research is required to determine how acquisitions of discrediting and commendation (al-jarḥ wa-l-taʿdīl) were evaluated within the scope of transmitter criticism in the wake of the 2nd/8th century. It is important to identify how the principles and assessments of transmitter criticism, as determined during the establishment period, were perceived in the following era to monitor the progress of discipline of transmitter criticism over time. This paper examines the study of transmitter criticism based on Shuʿbah ibn al-Ḥajjāj, the founder of the discipline, and presents certain findings through a comparison between transmitter assessments by Shuʿbah with conclusions on discrediting and commendation and twelve critics who lived in the 3rd/9th century. Consequently, assessments on transmitters during and after the 3rd/9th century appear to be substantially coherent with those by Shuʿbah.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ḥadīth criticism, transmitter criticism, discrediting (al-jarḥ), commendation (al-taʿdīl), Shuʿbah ibn al-Ḥajjāj

Kaynakça

• Abū Dāwūd, Sulaymān ibn al-Ashʿath ibn Isḥāq al-Azdī al-Sijistānī. Suʾālāt Abī ʿUbayd al-Ājurrī Abā Dāwūd al-Sijistānī fī l-jarḥ wa-l-taʿdīl. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAlī Qāsim al-ʿUmarī. Medina: al-Jāmiʿat al-Islāmiyyah bi-l-Madīnah al-Munawwarah, 1979.
• Abū Dāwūd, Sulaymān ibn al-Ashʿath ibn Isḥāq al-Azdī al-Sijistānī. Sunan Abī Dāwūd. 2 vols. Edited by Aḥmad Saʿd ʿAlī. Cairo: Muṣṭafá al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī, 1952.
• Abū Zurʿah al-Dimashqī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿAmr ibn ʿAbd Allāh. Tārīkh Abī Zurʿah al-Dimashqī. 2 vols. Edited by Shukr Allāh ibn Niʿmat Allāh al-Qūjānī. n.p., n.d.
• Ağırman, Cemal. “Rivâyetlerin Değerlendirilmesinde Hz. Peygamber’in Şahsiyet ve Konumundan Yararlanmanın Rolü.” Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İla-hiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 7, no. 1 (2003): 21-59.
• Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Ḥanbal al-Shaybānī. Kitāb al-ʿilal wa-maʿrifat al-rijāl. 3 vols. Edited by Waṣī Allāh ibn Muḥammad ʿAbbās. Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islāmī, 1988.
• al-Bayhaqī, Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī. Maʿrifat al-sunan wa-l-āthār. 14 vols. Edited by ʿAbd al-Muʿtī Amīn Qalʿajī. Cairo: Dār al-Waʿy, 1991.
• al-Bayhaqī, Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī. al-Sunan al-kubrá (along with Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn ʿAlī ibn ʿUthmān Ibn al-Turkmānī’s al-Jawhar al-naqī fī l-radd ʿalá l-Bayhaqī). 11 vols. Edited by Yūsuf ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Marʿashlī. Bei-rut: Dār al-Maʿrifah, 1996.
• al-Bukhārī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl. al-Ḍuʿafāʾ al-ṣaghīr. Edited by Maḥmūd Ibrāhīm Zāyed. Aleppo: Dār al-Waʿy, 1975.
• al-Bukhārī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl. Kitāb al-tārīkh al-kabīr. 9 vols. Hyderabad: Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmāniyyah, 1959.
• al-Bukhārī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl. al-Tārīkh al-awsaṭ [mistakenly published as al-Tārīkh al-ṣaghīr]. 2 vols. Edited by Maḥmūd Ibrāhīm Zāyed. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifah, 1986.
• Çağrıcı, Mustafa. “Seyyie.” In Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi (DİA), XXXVII, 78-79.
• al-Dhahabī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿUthmān. Dhikr asmāʾ man tukullima fīhi wa-huwa muwaththaq. Edited by Muḥammad Shakūr el-Ḥājjī Amrīr al-Mayādīnī. al-Zarqāʾ: Maktabat al-Manār, 1986.
• al-Dhahabī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿUthmān. Dhikr man yuʿtamadu qawluhū. In Arbaʿ rasāʾil fī ʿulūm al-ḥadīth, edited by ʿAbd al-Fattāḥ Abū Ghuddah, 153-227. Aleppo: Maktab al-Maṭbūʿāt al-Islāmiyyah, n.d.
• al-Dhahabī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿUthmān. al-Kāshif fī maʿrifat man la-hū riwāyah fī l-Kutub al-sittah. 2 vols. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAwwāmah and Aḥmad Muḥammad Namr al-Khaṭīb. Jeddah: Dār al-Qiblah li-l-Thaqāfah al-Islāmiyyah & Muʾassasat ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān, 1992.
• al-Dhahabī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿUthmān. Mīzān al-iʿtidāl fī naqd al-rijāl. 4 vols. Edited by ʿAlī Muḥam-mad al-Bijāwī. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifah, 1963.
• al-Dhahabī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿUthmān. al-Mūqiẓah fī ʿilm muṣṭalaḥ al-ḥadīth. Edited by ʿAbd al-Fattāḥ Abū Ghuddah. Aleppo: Maktabat al-Maṭbūʿāt al-Islāmiyyah, 1985.
• Dickinson, Eerik. The Development of Early Sunnite ḥadīth Criticism: The Taqdima of Ibn Abi ḥātim al-Rāzī (240/854-327/938) . Lei-den: E. J. Brill, 2001.
• al-Fasawī, Abū Yūsuf Yaʿqūb ibn Sufyān. Kitāb al-maʿrifah wa-l-tārīkh. 4 vols. Edited by Akram Ḍiyāʾ al-ʿUmarī. Medina: Maktabat al-Dār, 1410.
• Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Abū ʿUmar Jamāl al-Dīn Yūsuf ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Namarī. al-Tamhīd li-mā fī l-Muwaṭṭaʾ min al-maʿānī wa-l-asānīd. 26 vols. Edi-ted by Saʿīd Aḥmad Aʿrāb, Muḥammad al-Tāʾib al-Saʿīdī, Muḥammad al-Fallāḥ, ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Ṣiddīq, Muṣṭafá ibn Aḥmad al-ʿAlawī, Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Kabīr al-Bakrī, and ʿUmar al-Jīdī. Maghreb: Wizārat al-Awqāf wa-l-Shuʾūn al-Islāmiyyah, 1992.
• Ibn ʿAbd al-Hādī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad. Tanqīḥ al-Taḥqīq fī aḥādīth al-Taʿlīq. 3 vols. Edited by Ayman Ṣāliḥ Shaʿbān. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 1998.
• Ibn Abī Ḥātim, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad ibn Idrīs al-Rāzī. Kitāb al-ʿilal. 7 vols. Edited by Saʿd ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥumayyid and Khālid ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Juraysī. Riyadh: n.p., 2006.
• Ibn Abī Ḥātim, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad ibn Idrīs al-Rāzī. Kitāb al-jarḥ wa-l-taʿdīl. 9 vols. Edited by ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Yaḥyá al-Muʿallimī al-Yamānī. Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmāniyyah, 1941-1953.
• Ibn ʿAdī, Abū Aḥmad ʿAbd Allāh al-Jurjānī, al-Kāmil fī ḍuʿafāʾ al-rijāl. 7 vols. Edited by Yaḥyá Mukhtār Ghazzāwī. 3rd ed. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1988.
• Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Abū l-Faḍl Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī. Hady al-sārī Muqaddimat Fatḥ al-bārī sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Imām Abī ʿAbd Allāh Muḥam-mad ibn Ismāʿīl al-Bukhārī. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifah, 1379.
• Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Abū l-Faḍl Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī. Lisān al-Mīzān. 7 vols. Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-Niẓāmiyyah, 1911.
• Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Abū l-Faḍl Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī. Taʿjīl al-manfaʿah bi-zawāʾid rijāl al-aiʾmmah al-arbaʿah. 2 vols. Edited by Ikrām Allāh Imdād al-Ḥaqq. Beirut: Dār al-Bashāʾir al-Islāmiyyah, 1996.
• Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Abū l-Faḍl Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī. Tahdhīb al-Tahdhīb. 14 vols. Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-Niẓāmiyyah, 1325-1327  Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1984.
• Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Abū l-Faḍl Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī. Taqrīb al-Tahdhīb. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAwwāmah. Aleppo: Dār al-Rashīd, 1986.
• Ibn Ḥibbān, Abū Ḥātim Muḥammad al-Bustī. Kitāb al-majrūḥīn min al-muḥaddithīn wa-l-ḍuʿafāʾ wa-l-matrūkīn. 3 vols. in 1 vol. Edited by Maḥmūd Ibrāhīm Zāyed. Aleppo: Dār al-Waʿy, 1975.
• Ibn Ḥibbān, Abū Ḥātim Muḥammad al-Bustī. Kitāb al-thiqāt. 9 vols. Edited by al-Sayyid Sharaf al-Dīn Aḥmad. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1975.
• Ibn al-Kayyāl, Abū l-Barakāt Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn al-Khaṭīb. al-Kawākib al-nayyirāt fī maʿrifat man ikhtalaṭa min al-ruwāt al-thiqāt. Edited by ʿAbd al-Qayyūm ʿAbd Rabb al-Nabī. Beirut: Dār al-Maʾmūn, 1981.
• Ibn al-Qaṭṭān al-Maghribī, Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Malik. Bayān al-wahm wa-l-īhām al-wāqiʿayn fī kitāb al-Aḥkām. 6 vols. Edited by Ḥusayn Āyt Saʿīd. Riyadh: Dār Ṭībah li-l-Nashr wa-l-Tawzīʿ, 1997.
• Ibn Maʿīn, Abū Zakariyyāʾ Yaḥyá ibn Maʿīn ibn ʿAwn al-Baghdādī. Suʾālāt Ibn al-Junayd li-Yaḥyá ibn Maʿīn. Edited by Aḥmad Muḥammad Nūr Sayf. Medina: Maktabat al-Dār, 1988.
• Ibn Maʿīn, Abū Zakariyyāʾ Yaḥyá ibn Maʿīn ibn ʿAwn al-Baghdādī. Yaḥyá ibn Maʿīn wa-kitābuhū al-Tārīkh (narrative via al-Dūrī). 4 vols. Edited by Aḥmad Muḥammad Nūr Sayf. Mecca: Markaz al-Baḥth al-ʿIlmī wa-Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-Islāmī, 1979.
• Ibn Manẓūr, Abū l-Faḍl Jamāl al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Mukarram ibn ʿAlī. Lisān al-ʿArab. 15 vols. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, n.d.
• Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Abī Bakr. Tahdhīb al-Sunan. 5 vols. Edited by Ismāʿīl ibn Ghāzī Marḥabā. Riyadh: Maktabat al-Maʿārif li-l-Nashr wa-l-Tawzīʿ, 2007.
• Ibn Rajab al-Ḥanbalī, Abū l-Faraj Zayn al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān. Jāmiʿ al-ʿulūm wa-l-ḥikam. 2 vols. Edited by Shuʿayb al-Arnāʾūṭ and Ibrāhīm Bājis. 8th ed. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Risālah, 1999.
• Ibn Rajab al-Ḥanbalī, Abū l-Faraj Zayn al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān. Sharḥ ʿIlal al-Tirmidhī. 2 vols. Edited by Nūr al-Dīn ʿItr. Damas-cus: Dār al-Mallāḥ, 1978.
• Ibn Saʿd, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Saʿd ibn Manīʿ al-Zuhrī. al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrá. 8 vols. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1968.
• Ibn Shāhīn, Abū Ḥafṣ ʿUmar ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿUthmān al-Baghdādī. Dhikr man ikhtalafa l-ʿulāmāʾ wa-nuqqād al-ḥadīth fīhi. Edited by Ḥammād ibn Muḥammad al-Anṣārī. Riyadh: Maktabat Aḍwāʾ al-Salaf, 1999.
• al-ʿIjlī, Abū l-Ḥasan Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ṣāliḥ, Maʿrifat al-thiqāt min rijāl ahl al-ʿilm wa-l-ḥadīth wa-min al-ḍuʿafāʾ wa-dhikr madhāhibihim wa-akhbārihim. 2 vols. Edited by ʿAbd al-ʿAlīm ʿAbd al-ʿAẓīm al-Bastawī. Medina: Maktabat al-Dār, 1985.
• al-Iṣfahānī, Abū Nuʿaym Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Isḥāq. Ḥilyat al-awliyāʾ wa-ṭabaqāt al-aṣfiyāʾ. 10 vols. Cairo: Maṭbaʿat al-Saʿādah, 1979  Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1985.
• al-Jawharī, Abū Naṣr Ismāʿīl ibn Ḥammād. al-Ṣiḥāḥ tāj al-lughah wa-ṣiḥāḥ al-ʿArabiyyah. 6 vols. Edited by Aḥmad ʿAbd al-Ghafūr ʿAṭṭār. 2nd ed. Beirut: Dār al-ʿIlm li-l-Malāyīn, 1979.
• al-Jūzjānī, Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm ibn Yaʿqūb ibn Isḥāq al-Saʿdī. Aḥwāl al-rijāl. Edited by Ṣubḥī al-Badrī al-Sāmarrāʾī. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Risālah, 1985.
• al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī ibn Thābit. al-Jāmiʿ li-akhlāq al-rāwī wa-ādāb al-sāmiʿ. 2 vols. Edited by Maḥmūd Aḥmad al-Ṭaḥḥān. Riyadh: Maktabat al-Maʿārif li-l-Nashr, 1983.
• al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī ibn Thābit. al-Kifāyah fī ʿilm al-riwāyah. Hyderabad: Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmāniyyah, 1357.
• al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī ibn Thābit. Muwaḍḍiḥ awhām al-jamʿ wa-l-tafrīq. 2 vols. Edited by ʿAbd al-Muʿṭī Amīn Qalʿajī. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifah, 1987.
• al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī ibn Thābit. Tārīkh Baghdād aw-Madīnat al-salām. 14 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, n.d.
• al-Khaṭṭābī, Abū Sulaymān Ḥamd (Aḥmad) ibn Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm. Maʿālim al-Sunan. 4 vols. Edited by Muḥammad Rāghib al-Ṭabbākh. Aleppo: al-Maṭbaʿah al-ʿIlmiyyah al-Ḥalabiyyah, 1932.
• Maʿrūf, Bashshār ʿAwwād, Jihād Maḥmūd Khalīl, and Maḥmūd Muḥammad Khalīl. Mawsūʿat aqwāl Yaḥyá ibn Maʿīn fī rijāl al-ḥadīth wa-ʿilalihī. 5 vols. Tunis: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī, 2009.
• al-Mizzī, Abū l-Ḥajjāj Jamāl al-Dīn Yūsuf ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Yūsuf. Tahdhīb al-Kamāl fī asmāʾ al-rijāl. 35 vols. Edited by Bashshār ʿAwwād Maʿrūf. 2nd ed. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Risālah, 1983.
• al-Munāwī, Zayn al-Dīn Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Raʾūf ibn Tāj al-ʿārifīn ibn ʿAlī. Fayḍ al-qadīr sharḥ al-Jāmiʿ al-ṣaghīr. 6 vols. 2nd ed. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifah, 1972.
• Mughalṭāy ibn Qilīj, Abū ʿAbd Allāh ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn al-Bakjarī. Ikmāl Tahdhīb al-Kamāl fī asmāʾ al-rijāl. 12 vols. Edited by Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ʿAdil ibn Muḥammad and Abū Muḥammad Usāmah ibn Ibrāhīm. Cairo: al-Fārūq al-Ḥadīthah li-l-Ṭibāʿah wa-l-Nashr, 2001.
• Muslim, Abū l-Ḥusayn Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj al-Qushayrī al-Nīsābūrī. Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim. 5 vols. Edited by Muḥammad Fuʾād ʿAbd al-Bāqī. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1965.
• al-Nawawī, Abū Zakariyyāʾ Yaḥyá ibn Sharaf ibn Mūrī. Tahdhīb al-asmāʾ wa-l-lughāt. 2 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, n.d.
• al-Qāḍī, Abū Ṭālib. ʿIlal al-Tirmidhī al-kabīr. Edited by Ṣubḥī al-Sāmarrāʾī, Abū l-Maʿāṭī al-Nūrī, and Maḥmūd Muḥammad Khalīl al-Ṣaʿīdī. Beirut: ʿĀlam al-Kutub & Maktabat al-Nahḍah al-ʿArabiyyah, 1989.
• Riḍā, ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn ʿAlī. Nihāyat al-Ightibāṭ bi-man rumiya min al-ruwāt bi-l-ikhtilāṭ: wa-huwa dirāsah wa-taḥqīq wa-ziyādāt fī l-tarājim ʿalá Kitāb al-ightibāṭ bi-man rumiya bi-l-ikhtilāṭ li-l-Imām Burhān al-Dīn Abī Isḥāq Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad ibn Khalīl Sibṭ ibn al-ʿAjamī (along with Sibṭ Ibn al-ʿAjamī’s al-Ightibāṭ bi-man rumiya bi-l-ikhtilāṭ). Cairo: Dār al-Ḥadīth, 1988.
• al-Sakhāwī, Abū l-Khayr Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad. al-Mutakallimūn fī l-rijāl. In Arbaʿ rasāʾil fī ʿulūm al-ḥadīth, edited by ʿAbd al-Fattāḥ Abū Ghuddah, 81-149. Aleppo: Maktab al-Maṭbūʿāt al-Islāmiyyah, n.d.
• al-Shāfiʿī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Idrīs ibn ʿAbbās. al-Umm. 11 vols. Edited by Rifʿat Fawzī ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib. al-Manṣūrah: Dār al-Wafāʾ, 2001.
• Sibṭ Ibn al-ʿAjamī, Abū l-Wafāʾ Burhān al-Dīn Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad ibn Khalīl. al-Ightibāṭ bi-man rumiya bi-l-ikhtilāṭ (along with Alāʾ al-Dīn ʿAlī Riḍā’s Nihāyat al-Ightibāṭ bi-man rumiya min al-ruwāt bi-l-ikhtilāṭ). Edited by ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn ʿAlī Riḍā. Cairo: Dār al-Ḥadīth, 1988.
• al-Ṭāhir, Aḥmad. “Sūʾ al-ḥifẓ wa-atharuhū fī qabūl al-ḥadīth: Dirāsah taʾṣīliyyah taṭbīqiyyah.” Master’s thesis, Damascus: Jāmiʿat Dimashq, 2009.
• al-Tirmidhī, Abū ʿĪsá Muḥammad ibn ʿĪsá, Sunan al-Tirmidhī. 5 vols. Edited by Aḥmad Muḥammad Shākir, Muḥammad Fuʾād ʿAbd al-Bāqī, Ib-rāhīm ʿAṭwah ʿIwaḍ. Cairo: Maktabat Muṣṭafá al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī, 1975.
• Turhan, Halil İbrahim. Ricâl Tenkidinin Doğuşu ve Gelişimi -Hicrî İlk İki Asır-. Istanbul: Marmara Üniversitesi İlâhiyat Fakültesi Vakfı (İFAV) Yayınları, 2015.
• al-ʿUqaylī, Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr. Kitāb al-ḍuʿafāʾ al-kabīr. 4 vols. Edited by ʿAbd al-Muʿṭī Amīn Qalʿajī. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 1984.
• al-Zabīdī, Abū l-Fayḍ al-Murtaḍá Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad. Tāj al-ʿarūs min jāwahir al-Qāmūs. 40 vols. Edited by ʿAbd al-Sattār Aḥmad Farrāj. Beirut: Dār al-Hidāyah li-l-Ṭibāʿah wa-l-Nashr wa-l-Tawzīʿ, 1986.
• al-Zaylaʿī, Abū Muḥammad Jamāl al-Dīn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Yūsuf. Naṣb al-rāyah li-aḥādīth al-Hidāyah (along with Bughyat al-almaʿī fī takhrīj al-Zaylaʿī). 5 vols. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAwwāmah. Jeddah: Dār al-Qiblah li-l-Thaqāfah al-Islāmiyyah & Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Rayyān, 1997.