A Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Scholar in the Footsteps of Ibn Taymiyya and an Opponent of Ibn ʿArabī: Chiwizāda Muḥyī al-Dīn Sheikh Meḥmed Efendī
Yıl 2013,
Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 183 - 208, 12.06.2014
Mehmet Gel
Öz
One of the Ottoman scholars in the sixteenth century who opposed the view of the famous Sufi Muḥyī al-Dīn Ibn ʿArabī was Chiwizāda Muḥyī al-Dīn Sheikh Meḥmed Efendī (d. 954/1547). He served as sheikh al-islām in the reign of Sulaymān the Magnificent for a short time. He stood out for his criticisms against some Sufis of his time and was even dismissed from the rank of sheikh al-islām because of these criticisms, according to some reports. In this paper, I will examine Chiwizāda’s criticisms of Muḥyī al-Dīn Ibn ʿArabī, who was at the top of the Sufis he opposed, in terms of their historicalintellectual roots.
Kaynakça
- Abū l- Suʿūd, Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Muṣṭafā al-Imādī, Fatāwā-yi Abū l-Suʿūd (compiled by Walī ibn Yagān; MS Istanbul: Süleymaniye Library, İsmihan Sultan, 226).
- Chodkiewicz, Michel, “İbn Arabî’nin Öğretisinin Osmanlı Dünyasında Karşılanışı,” in Ahmet Yaşar Ocak (ed.), Osmanlı Toplumunda Tasavvuf ve Sufiler: Kaynaklar, Doktrin, Ayin ve Erkan, Tarikatlar, Edebiyat, Mimari, Ikonografi, Modernizm (Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları, 2005), 89-111.
- Chiwizāda, Muḥyī al-Dīn Sheikh Meḥmed Efendī, Fatāwā ʿalā l-Fuṣūṣ, in Dafʿ al-Fuṣūṣ (MS Ankara: Ankara University Faculty of Theology Library, 37208), 36b-41b.
- Gel, Mehmet, XVI. Yüzyılın İlk Yarısında Osmanlı Toplumunun Dinî Meselelerine Muhalif Bir Yaklaşım: Şeyhülislam Çivizâde Muhyiddin Mehmed Efendi ve Fikirleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme (PhD dissertation; Ankara: Gazi University, 2010).
- Gelibolulu Muṣtafā ʿĀlī Efendī, Kunh al-akhbār (MS Istanbul: Süleymaniye Library, Hamidiye, 914).
- al-Ghazzī, Abū l-Makārim Najm al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad, al-Kawākib al-sāʾira bi-aʿyān al-miʾa al-ʿāshira, 3 vols., (ed. Jabrāʾīl Sulaymān Jabbūr; 2nd edn., Beirut: Dār al-Āfāq al-Jadīda, 1979).
- al-Ḥalabī, Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm, Niʿmat al-dharīʿa fī nuṣrat al-sharīʿa (MS Istanbul: Süleymaniye Library, Laleli, 2453).
- al-Ḥalabī, Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm, Vahdet-i Vucud (translated into Turkish by Ahmet Dündar; Istanbul: Tevhid Yayınları, 1999).
- Has, Şükrü Selim, “Halebî, İbrâhim b. Muhammed,” Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi (DİA), XV, 231-232.
- Ibn al-Adhamī al-Maghnisāwī, Saʿīd ibn Ḥusām al-Dīn, Majmūʿat al-fatāwā (MS Istanbul: Âtıf Efendi Library, Âtıf Efendi, 2835), 1b-70b.
- Ibn ʿArabī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥyī al-Dīn Muḥammad b. ʿAlī, Fusûsu’l-hikem [=Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam] (translated into Turkish by Nuri Gençosman; Istanbul: Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Yayınları, 1992).
- Ibn ʿArabī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥyī al-Dīn Muḥammad b. ʿAlī, [as Ibn Al’Arabi], The Bezels of Wisdom [=Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam] (translated into English by Ralph W. J. Austin; Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press, 1980).
- Ibn Taymiyya, Abū l-ʿAbbās Taqī al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥalīm, İbn Teymiye Külliyatı, 9 vols., (vol. II: translated into Turkish by Yusuf Işıcık, Ahmet Önkal, Sait Şimşek, and İ. Hakkı Sezer; Istanbul: Tevhid Yayınları, 1987).
- Ibn Ṭūlūn, Abū l-Faḍl Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad al-Ṣaliḥī al-Dimashqī, Ḥawādith Dimashq al-yawmiyya: Ghadāt al-ghazw al-ʿUthmānī li-l-Shām, 926-951 H.: Ṣafaḥāt mafqūda tunshar li-l-marra al-ūlā min kitāb Mufākahat al-khillān fī ḥawādith al-zamān li-Ibn Ṭūlūn al-Dimashqī (ed. Aḥmad Ībish; Damascus: Dār al-Awāʾil, 2002).
- İpşirli, Mehmet, “Çivizâde Muhyiddin Mehmed Efendi,” Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi (DİA), VIII, 348-349.
- al-Kafawī, Maḥmūd ibn Sulaymān, Katāʾib aʿlām al-akhyār min fuqahāʾ madhhab al-Nuʿmān al-mukhtār (MS Istanbul: Süleymaniye Library, Reisülküttab, 690).
- Kara, Mustafa, “Bâlî Efendi, Sofyalı,” Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi (DİA), V, 20-21.
- Kara, Mustafa, “İbn Teymiye’nin İbn Arabî’ye ve Vahdet-i Vücuda Bakışı,” in his Dervişin Hayatı Sûfînin Kelâmı: Hal Tercümeleri/Tarikatlar/ Istılahlar (Istanbul: Dergâh Yayınları, 2005), 173-188.
- Kātib Chalabī, Ḥājī Khalīfa Muṣṭafā ibn ʿAbd Allāh, Kashf al-ẓunūn ʿan asāmī l-kutub wa-l-funūn, 2 vols., (ed. M. Şerefeddin Yaltkaya and Kilisli Rifat Bilge; Istanbul: Maarif Matbaası, 1941-1943).
- Kılıç, M. Erol, “İbnü’l-Arabî, Muhyiddin,” Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi (DİA), XX, 493-516.
- Knysh, Alexander D., Ibn ʿArabī in the Later Islamic Tradition: The Making of a Polemical Image in Medieval Islam (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1999).
- Koca, Ferhat, “İbnü’n-Neccâr el-Fütûhî,” Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi (DİA), XXI, 170-171.
- Laʾālī, Sayyid Aḥmad ibn Muṣṭafā al-Ṣārukhānī, Majmaʿ al-masāʾil al-sharʿiyya fī ʿulūm al-dīniyya (MS Istanbul: Süleymaniye Library, Şehid Ali Paşa, 1066), 1a-179b.
- Nawʿīzāda ʿAṭāʾ Allāh Efendī ʿAṭāʾī, Ḥadāʾiq al-ḥaqāʾiq fī takmilat al-Shaqāʾiq (in Şakaik-ı Nuʿmaniye ve Zeyilleri, vol. II: ed. Abdülkadir Özcan; Istanbul: Çağrı Yayınları, 1989).
- Özen, Şükrü, “Ottoman ʿUlamāʾ Debating Sufism: Settling the Conflict on the Ibn al-ʿArabī’s Legacy by Fatwās,” El Sufismo y las normas del Islam: Trabajos del IV Congreso Internacional de Estudios Jurídicos Islámicos: Derecho y Sufismo, Murcia, 7-10 Mayo 2003 (ed. Alfonso Carmona; Murcia: Editora Regional de Murcia Colection Ibn Arabi, 2006), 309-341.
- Saʿdī Efendī, Ṣūrat-i Fatwā Sheikh al-islām Saʿdī Efendī (MS Istanbul: Süleymaniye Library, Hacı Mahmud Efendi, 2680), 71a-b.
- al-Ṣofyawī, Sheikh Bālī, Allafa hāẕihī l-risāla al-Sheikh Bālī al-Ṣofyawī mujīban li-l-mawlā al-shahīr bi-Chiwizāda li-mushkilāt al-Fuṣūṣ (MS Istanbul: Süleymaniye Library, Reisülküttab, 1166), 52a-54b.
- al-Ṣofyawī, Sheikh Bālī, Risāla fī ḥall mushkilat al-Fuṣūṣ (MS Istanbul: Süleymaniye Library, Pertev Paşa, 621), 36a-38a.
- al-Tamīmī, Taqī al-Dīn ibn ʿAbd al-Qādir, al-Ṭabaqāt al-saniyya fī tarājim al-Ḥanafiyya (MS Istanbul: Süleymaniye Library, Süleymaniye, 829).
- Tek, Abdurrezzak, “Fusûsu’l-Hikem’e Yönelik Bazı Tartışmalı Konulara Sofyalı Bâlî Efendi’nin Bakışı,” Uludağ Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 14/2 (2005), 107-133.
- Winter, Michael, Society and Religion in Early Ottoman Egypt: Studies in the Writings of ʿAbd al-Wahhāb al-Shaʿrānī (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1982).
A Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Scholar in the Footsteps of Ibn Taymiyya and an Opponent of Ibn ʿArabī: Chiwizāda Muḥyī al-Dīn Sheikh Meḥmed Efendī
Yıl 2013,
Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 183 - 208, 12.06.2014
Mehmet Gel
Öz
One of the Ottoman scholars in the sixteenth century who opposed the view of the famous Sufi Muḥyī al-Dīn Ibn ʿArabī was Chiwizāda Muḥyī al-Dīn Sheikh Meḥmed Efendī (d. 954/1547). He served as sheikh al-islām in the reign of Sulaymān the Magnificent for a short time. He stood out for his criticisms against some Sufis of his time and was even dismissed from the rank of sheikh al-islām because of these criticisms, according to some reports. In this paper, I will examine Chiwizāda’s criticisms of Muḥyī al-Dīn Ibn ʿArabī, who was at the top of the Sufis he opposed, in terms of their historicalintellectual roots.
Kaynakça
- Abū l- Suʿūd, Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Muṣṭafā al-Imādī, Fatāwā-yi Abū l-Suʿūd (compiled by Walī ibn Yagān; MS Istanbul: Süleymaniye Library, İsmihan Sultan, 226).
- Chodkiewicz, Michel, “İbn Arabî’nin Öğretisinin Osmanlı Dünyasında Karşılanışı,” in Ahmet Yaşar Ocak (ed.), Osmanlı Toplumunda Tasavvuf ve Sufiler: Kaynaklar, Doktrin, Ayin ve Erkan, Tarikatlar, Edebiyat, Mimari, Ikonografi, Modernizm (Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları, 2005), 89-111.
- Chiwizāda, Muḥyī al-Dīn Sheikh Meḥmed Efendī, Fatāwā ʿalā l-Fuṣūṣ, in Dafʿ al-Fuṣūṣ (MS Ankara: Ankara University Faculty of Theology Library, 37208), 36b-41b.
- Gel, Mehmet, XVI. Yüzyılın İlk Yarısında Osmanlı Toplumunun Dinî Meselelerine Muhalif Bir Yaklaşım: Şeyhülislam Çivizâde Muhyiddin Mehmed Efendi ve Fikirleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme (PhD dissertation; Ankara: Gazi University, 2010).
- Gelibolulu Muṣtafā ʿĀlī Efendī, Kunh al-akhbār (MS Istanbul: Süleymaniye Library, Hamidiye, 914).
- al-Ghazzī, Abū l-Makārim Najm al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad, al-Kawākib al-sāʾira bi-aʿyān al-miʾa al-ʿāshira, 3 vols., (ed. Jabrāʾīl Sulaymān Jabbūr; 2nd edn., Beirut: Dār al-Āfāq al-Jadīda, 1979).
- al-Ḥalabī, Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm, Niʿmat al-dharīʿa fī nuṣrat al-sharīʿa (MS Istanbul: Süleymaniye Library, Laleli, 2453).
- al-Ḥalabī, Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm, Vahdet-i Vucud (translated into Turkish by Ahmet Dündar; Istanbul: Tevhid Yayınları, 1999).
- Has, Şükrü Selim, “Halebî, İbrâhim b. Muhammed,” Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi (DİA), XV, 231-232.
- Ibn al-Adhamī al-Maghnisāwī, Saʿīd ibn Ḥusām al-Dīn, Majmūʿat al-fatāwā (MS Istanbul: Âtıf Efendi Library, Âtıf Efendi, 2835), 1b-70b.
- Ibn ʿArabī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥyī al-Dīn Muḥammad b. ʿAlī, Fusûsu’l-hikem [=Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam] (translated into Turkish by Nuri Gençosman; Istanbul: Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Yayınları, 1992).
- Ibn ʿArabī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥyī al-Dīn Muḥammad b. ʿAlī, [as Ibn Al’Arabi], The Bezels of Wisdom [=Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam] (translated into English by Ralph W. J. Austin; Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press, 1980).
- Ibn Taymiyya, Abū l-ʿAbbās Taqī al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥalīm, İbn Teymiye Külliyatı, 9 vols., (vol. II: translated into Turkish by Yusuf Işıcık, Ahmet Önkal, Sait Şimşek, and İ. Hakkı Sezer; Istanbul: Tevhid Yayınları, 1987).
- Ibn Ṭūlūn, Abū l-Faḍl Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad al-Ṣaliḥī al-Dimashqī, Ḥawādith Dimashq al-yawmiyya: Ghadāt al-ghazw al-ʿUthmānī li-l-Shām, 926-951 H.: Ṣafaḥāt mafqūda tunshar li-l-marra al-ūlā min kitāb Mufākahat al-khillān fī ḥawādith al-zamān li-Ibn Ṭūlūn al-Dimashqī (ed. Aḥmad Ībish; Damascus: Dār al-Awāʾil, 2002).
- İpşirli, Mehmet, “Çivizâde Muhyiddin Mehmed Efendi,” Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi (DİA), VIII, 348-349.
- al-Kafawī, Maḥmūd ibn Sulaymān, Katāʾib aʿlām al-akhyār min fuqahāʾ madhhab al-Nuʿmān al-mukhtār (MS Istanbul: Süleymaniye Library, Reisülküttab, 690).
- Kara, Mustafa, “Bâlî Efendi, Sofyalı,” Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi (DİA), V, 20-21.
- Kara, Mustafa, “İbn Teymiye’nin İbn Arabî’ye ve Vahdet-i Vücuda Bakışı,” in his Dervişin Hayatı Sûfînin Kelâmı: Hal Tercümeleri/Tarikatlar/ Istılahlar (Istanbul: Dergâh Yayınları, 2005), 173-188.
- Kātib Chalabī, Ḥājī Khalīfa Muṣṭafā ibn ʿAbd Allāh, Kashf al-ẓunūn ʿan asāmī l-kutub wa-l-funūn, 2 vols., (ed. M. Şerefeddin Yaltkaya and Kilisli Rifat Bilge; Istanbul: Maarif Matbaası, 1941-1943).
- Kılıç, M. Erol, “İbnü’l-Arabî, Muhyiddin,” Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi (DİA), XX, 493-516.
- Knysh, Alexander D., Ibn ʿArabī in the Later Islamic Tradition: The Making of a Polemical Image in Medieval Islam (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1999).
- Koca, Ferhat, “İbnü’n-Neccâr el-Fütûhî,” Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi (DİA), XXI, 170-171.
- Laʾālī, Sayyid Aḥmad ibn Muṣṭafā al-Ṣārukhānī, Majmaʿ al-masāʾil al-sharʿiyya fī ʿulūm al-dīniyya (MS Istanbul: Süleymaniye Library, Şehid Ali Paşa, 1066), 1a-179b.
- Nawʿīzāda ʿAṭāʾ Allāh Efendī ʿAṭāʾī, Ḥadāʾiq al-ḥaqāʾiq fī takmilat al-Shaqāʾiq (in Şakaik-ı Nuʿmaniye ve Zeyilleri, vol. II: ed. Abdülkadir Özcan; Istanbul: Çağrı Yayınları, 1989).
- Özen, Şükrü, “Ottoman ʿUlamāʾ Debating Sufism: Settling the Conflict on the Ibn al-ʿArabī’s Legacy by Fatwās,” El Sufismo y las normas del Islam: Trabajos del IV Congreso Internacional de Estudios Jurídicos Islámicos: Derecho y Sufismo, Murcia, 7-10 Mayo 2003 (ed. Alfonso Carmona; Murcia: Editora Regional de Murcia Colection Ibn Arabi, 2006), 309-341.
- Saʿdī Efendī, Ṣūrat-i Fatwā Sheikh al-islām Saʿdī Efendī (MS Istanbul: Süleymaniye Library, Hacı Mahmud Efendi, 2680), 71a-b.
- al-Ṣofyawī, Sheikh Bālī, Allafa hāẕihī l-risāla al-Sheikh Bālī al-Ṣofyawī mujīban li-l-mawlā al-shahīr bi-Chiwizāda li-mushkilāt al-Fuṣūṣ (MS Istanbul: Süleymaniye Library, Reisülküttab, 1166), 52a-54b.
- al-Ṣofyawī, Sheikh Bālī, Risāla fī ḥall mushkilat al-Fuṣūṣ (MS Istanbul: Süleymaniye Library, Pertev Paşa, 621), 36a-38a.
- al-Tamīmī, Taqī al-Dīn ibn ʿAbd al-Qādir, al-Ṭabaqāt al-saniyya fī tarājim al-Ḥanafiyya (MS Istanbul: Süleymaniye Library, Süleymaniye, 829).
- Tek, Abdurrezzak, “Fusûsu’l-Hikem’e Yönelik Bazı Tartışmalı Konulara Sofyalı Bâlî Efendi’nin Bakışı,” Uludağ Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 14/2 (2005), 107-133.
- Winter, Michael, Society and Religion in Early Ottoman Egypt: Studies in the Writings of ʿAbd al-Wahhāb al-Shaʿrānī (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1982).