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A Study on the Usage Forms and Course of Meaning of Ṣāḥib sunna as a Praising (Taʿdīl) Term

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 47 - 74, 20.02.2016
https://doi.org/10.12730/13091719.2015.61.123

Öz

Ṣāḥib sunna is one of the most common terms in al-jarḥ wa-l-taʿdīl literature. This concept signifies a reason for preference in the determination of narrators from whom a ḥadīth will be transmitted in written form or through narration. Therefore, this article concentrates on the different usages of ṣāḥib sunna over the course of time, the meanings ascribed to it, the influence of historical circumstances on its meaning, and the value of being described as ṣāḥib sunna within al-jarḥ wa-l-taʿdīl studies. Ṣāḥib sunna is apparent in ḥadīth sources as a term of accreditation (taʿdīl) since earlier periods; in riwāya terminology, however, it is used in ṭabaqāt-tarājim works as a term that expresses the competence of a narrator in terms of delivering the narrative, particularly since the 3rd century AH. It is possible to assert that ṣāḥib sunna has an extensive structure of meaning depending on the author, the period or the kind of work, and this openness in meaning primarily originates from semantic diversity regarding the use of the concept of “Sunna” in different sciences such as ḥadīth, uṣūl al-fiqh, and kalām.

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A Study on the Usage Forms and Course of Meaning of Ṣāḥib sunna as a Praising (Taʿdīl) Term

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 47 - 74, 20.02.2016
https://doi.org/10.12730/13091719.2015.61.123

Öz

Ṣāḥib sunna is one of the most common terms in al-jarḥ wa-l-taʿdīl literature. This concept signifies a reason for preference in the determination of narrators from whom a ḥadīth will be transmitted in written form or through narration. Therefore, this article concentrates on the different usages of ṣāḥib sunna over the course of time, the meanings ascribed to it, the influence of historical circumstances on its meaning, and the value of being described as ṣāḥib sunna within al-jarḥ wa-l-taʿdīl studies. Ṣāḥib sunna is apparent in ḥadīth sources as a term of accreditation (taʿdīl) since earlier periods; in riwāya terminology, however, it is used in ṭabaqāt-tarājim works as a term that expresses the competence of a narrator in terms of delivering the narrative, particularly since the 3rd century AH. It is possible to assert that ṣāḥib sunna has an extensive structure of meaning depending on the author, the period or the kind of work, and this openness in meaning primarily originates from semantic diversity regarding the use of the concept of “Sunna” in different sciences such as ḥadīth, uṣūl al-fiqh, and kalām.

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  • Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Abū ʿUmar Jamāl al-Dīn Yūsuf ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Namarī, al-Intiqāʾ fī fadāʾil al-thalātha al-aʾimma al-fuqahāʾ: Mālik wa-l-Shāfiʿī wa-Abī Ḥanīfa wa-dhikr ʿuyūn min akhbārihim wa-akhbār aṣḥābihim li-l-taʿrīf bi-jalālat aqdārihim (Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, n.d.).
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  • Ibn Abī Yaʿlā al-Farrāʾ, Abū l-Ḥusayn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn, Ṭabaqāt al-Ḥanābila, 3 vols., (ed. ʿAbd Raḥmān ibn Sulaymān al-ʿUthaymīn; Riyadh: al-Amāna al-ʿĀmma li-l-Iḥtifāl bi-Murūr Miʾat ʿĀm ʿalā Taʾsīs al-Mamlaka, 1999).
  • Ibn al-ʿAdīm, Abū l-Qāsim Kamāl al-Dīn ʿUmar ibn Aḥmad, Bughyat al-ṭalab fī tārīkh Ḥalab, 12 vols., (ed. Suhayl Zakkār; Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, n.d.).
  • Ibn ʿAsākir, Abū l-Qāsim Thiqat al-Dīn ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥasan ibn Hibat Allāh, Tārīkh Madīnat Dimashq wa-dhikr faḍlihā wa-tasmiyat man ḥallahā min al-amāthil aw ijtāza bi-nawāḥīhā min wāridīhā wa-ahlihā, 80 vols., (ed. Muḥibb al-Dīn Abū Saʿīd ʿUmar ibn Gharāma al-ʿAmrawī; Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1995-2000).
  • Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Abū l-Faḍl Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī, Itḥāf al-mahara bi-l-fawāʾid al-mubtakira min aṭrāf al-ʿashara, 19 vols., (eds. Zuhayr ibn Nāṣir al-Nāṣir, Maḥmūd Aḥmad ʿAbd al-Muḥsin, et al.; Medina: Wizārat al-Shuʾūn al-Islāmiyya wa-l-Awqāf wa-l-Daʿwa wa-l-Irshād & al-Jāmiʿa al-Islāmiyya, 1994-2004).
  • Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Abū l-Faḍl Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī, Sharḥ al-Nukhba Nuzhat al-naẓar fī tawḍīḥ Nukhbat al-fikar fī muṣṭalaḥ ahl al-athar, (ed. Nūr al-Dīn ʿItr; 3rd edn., Damascus: Maṭbaʿat al-Ṣabāḥ, 2000).
  • Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Abū l-Faḍl Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī, Tahdhīb al-Tahdhīb, 4 vols., (eds. Ibrāhīm al-Zaybaq and ʿĀdil Murshid; Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Risāla, 1996).
  • Ibn Ḥibbān, Abū Ḥātim Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Tamīmī, Kitab al-thiqāt, 10 vols., (Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmāniyya, 1973).
  • Ibn Manẓūr, Abū l-Faḍl Jamāl al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Mukarram ibn ʿAlī, Mukhtaṣar Tārīkh Dimashq li-Ibn ʿAsākir, 31 vols., (eds. Rūḥiyya al-Naḥḥās, Riyāḍ ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd Murād, Muḥammad Muṭīʿ Ḥāfiẓ et al.; Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1984-1989).
  • Ibn Rajab al-Ḥanbalī, Abū l-Faraj Zayn al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, Sharḥ ʿIlal al-Tirmidhī (ed. Hammām ʿAbd al-Raḥīm Saʿīd; Riyadh: Maktabat al-Rushd, 2001).
  • Ibn Saʿd, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Manīʿ al-Zuhrī, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, 8 vols., (ed. Iḥsān ʿAbbās; Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1968).
  • al-ʿIjlī, Abū l-Ḥasan Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ṣāliḥ, Maʿrifat al-thiqāt min rijāl ahl al-ʿilm wa-l-ḥadīth wa-min al-ḍuʿafāʾ wa-dhikr madhāhibihim wa-akhbārihim, 2 vols., (ed. ʿAbd al-Karīm ʿAbd al-ʿAẓīm al-Bastawī; Medina: Maktabat al-Dār, 1985).
  • İlhan, Avni, “Amr b. Ubeyd,” Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi (DİA), III, 93-94.
  • İzmirli İsmâil Hakkı, Hadis Tarihi (ed. İbrahim Hatiboğlu; Istanbul: Dârulhadis, 2002).
  • Ibn ʿAdī, Abū Aḥmad ʿAbd Allāh al-Jurjānī, al-Kāmil fī ḍuʿafāʾ al-rijāl, 9 vols., (ed. ʿĀdil Aḥmad ʿAbd al-Mawjūd, ʿAlī Muḥammad Muʿawwaḍ, and ʿAbd al-Fattāḥ al-Sayyid Sulaymān Abū Sinna; Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1997).
  • Juynboll, G. H. A., Muslim Tradition: Studies in Chronology, Provenance and Authorship of Early Ḥadīth (Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1983).
  • Kāfī, Abū Bakr, Manhaj al-Imām al-Bukhārī fī taṣḥīḥ al-aḥādīth wa-taʿlīlihā (min khilāl al-Jāmiʿ al-ṣaḥīḥ) (Beirut: Dār Ibn Ḥazm, 2000).
  • al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī ibn Thābit, al-Jāmiʿ li-akhlāq al-rāwī wa-ādāb al-sāmiʿ (ed. Maḥmūd Ṭaḥḥān; Riyadh: Maktabat al-Maʿārif, 1983), I, 332.
  • al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī ibn Thābit, Kitāb talkhīs al-mutashābih fī l-rasm wa-ḥimāyat mā ashkala minhu ʿan bawādir al-taṣḥīf wa-l-wahm (ed. Sukayna al-Shihābī; Damascus: Dār Ṭalās li-l-Dirāsāt wa-l-Tarjama wa-l-Nashr, 1985).
  • al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī ibn Thābit, Tārīkh Madīnat al-salām wa-akhbār muḥaddithīhā wa-dhikr quṭṭānihā l-ʿulamāʾ min ghayr ahlihā wa-wāridīhā, 16 vols., (ed. Bashshār ʿAwwād Maʿrūf; Beirut: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī, 2001).
  • Kılavuz, Ahmet Saim, “Berbehârî,” Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi (DİA), V, 476-477.
  • Koçyiğit, Talat, Hadisçilerle Kelamcılar Arasındaki Münakaşalar (4th edn., Ankara: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları, 1989).
  • Mazīd, ʿAlī ʿAbd al-Bāsiṭ, Manāhij al-muḥaddithīn fī l-qarn al-awwal al-hijrī wa-ḥattā ʿaṣrinā l-ḥāḍir (Cairo: al-Hayʾa al-Miṣriyya al-ʿĀmma li-l-Kitāb, 2002).
  • al-Mizzī, Abū l-Ḥajjāj Jamāl al-Dīn Yūsuf ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Yūsuf, Tahdhīb al-Kamāl fī asmāʾ al-rijāl, 35 vols., (ed. Bashshār ʿAwwād Maʿrūf; 6th edn., Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Risāla, 1994).
  • al-Muʿallimī, ʿAbd al-Rāhmān ibn Yaḥyā al-Tankīl bi-mā fī taʾnīb al-Kawtharī min al-abāṭīl, 2 vols., (eds. with notes by Muḥammad Nāṣir al-Dīn al-Albānī, Zuhayr al-Shāwīsh, and ʿAbd al-Razzāq Ḥamza; 2nd edn., Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islāmī, 1986).
  • Özafşar, Mehmet Emin, İdeolojik Hadisçiliğin Tarihî Arka Planı: Mihne Olayı ve Haşeviye Olgusu (Ankara: Ankara Okulu Yayınları, 1999).
  • Özafşar, Mehmet Emin, “Vekîʿ b. Cerrâh,” Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi (DİA), XLIII, 8-9.
  • Özşenel, Mehmet, Ebû Yûsuf’un Hadis Anlayışı (Istanbul: Klasik Yayınları., 2011).
  • al-Ṣafadī, Abū l-Ṣafāʾ Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn Khalīl ibn Aybak, Kitāb al-wāfī bi-l-wafayāt, 29 vols., (eds. Aḥmad al-Arnāʾūṭ and Dhikrī Muṣṭafā; Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 2000).
  • al-Sakhāwī, Abū l-Khayr Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad, Fatḥ al-mughīth bi-sharḥ Alfiyyat al-ḥadīth li-l-ʿIrāqī, 5 vols., (ed. ʿAlī Ḥusayn ʿAlī; 3rd edn., Dār al-Imām al-Ṭabarī, 1996).
  • al-Salmāsī, Abū Zakariyyāʾ Yaḥyā ibn Ibrāhīm, Kitāb manāzil al-aʾimma al-arbaʿa Abī Ḥanīfa wa-Mālik wa-l-Shāfiʿī wa-Aḥmad (ed. Maḥmūd ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, Medina: al-Jāmiʿa al-Islāmiyya, 2002).
  • al-Ṣanʿānī, Abū Ibrāhīm ʿIzz al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl Amīr, Tawḍīḥ al-afkār li-maʿānī Tanqīḥ al-anẓār, 2 vols., (ed. Muḥammad Muḥyī al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd; Medina: al-Maktaba al-Salafiyya, n.d.).
  • al-Suyūṭī, Abū l-Faḍl Jalāl al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Abī Bakr, Tadrīb al-rāwī fī sharḥ Taqrīb al-Nawāwī, 2 vols., (ed. Badīʿ al-Sayyid al-Laḥḥām; Damascus: Dār al-Kalim al-Ṭayyib, 2005).
  • ʿUmar, Bashīr ʿAlī, Manhaj al-Imām Aḥmad fī iʿlāl al-aḥādīth (Riyadh: Waqf al-Salām al-Khayrī, 2005).
  • Watt, W. Montgomery, İslâm Düşüncesinin Teşekkül Devri (translated into Turkish by Ethem Ruhi Fığlalı; Istanbul: Sarkaç Yayınları, n.d.).
  • al-Yāfiʿī, ʿAfīf al-Dīn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Asʿad ibn ʿAlī al-Yamānī, Mirʾāt al-jinān wa-ʿibrat al-yaqẓān fī maʿrifat mā yuʿtabar min ḥawādith al-zamān, 4 vols., (ed. Khalīl al-Manṣūr; Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1997).
  • Yavuz, Yusuf Şevki, “Ehl-i Sünnet,” Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi (DİA) , X, 525-530.
  • Yücel, Ahmet, Hadîs Istlahlarının Doğuşu ve Gelişimi: Hicrî İlk Üç Asır (2nd edn., Istanbul: Marmara Üniversitesi İlâhiyat Fakültesi Vakfı Yayınları, 2014).
  • Yücel, Ahmet, Hadis İlminde Tenkit Terimleri ve İlgili Çalışmalar (Istanbul: Marmara Üniversitesi İlâhiyat Fakültesi Vakfı Yayınları, 1998).
  • Yücel, Ahmet, Hadis Tarihi (Istanbul: Marmara Üniversitesi İlâhiyat Fakültesi Vakfı Yayınları, 2012).
  • Yücesoy, Hayati, “Mihne,” Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi (DİA), XXX, 26-28.
Toplam 67 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Din Araştırmaları
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Sezai Engin 0000-0002-3716-483X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Şubat 2016
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Şubat 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Engin, Sezai. “A Study on the Usage Forms and Course of Meaning of Ṣāḥib Sunna As a Praising (Taʿdīl) Term”. Ilahiyat Studies 6/1 (Şubat 2016), 47-74. https://doi.org/10.12730/13091719.2015.61.123.

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