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The Green Man: What Reading Khiḍr as Trickster Evinces about the Canon

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 9 - 46, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.12730/13091719.2020.111.199

Öz

The Green Man is a deictic trans-historical figure and motif shared by both interconnected canons and folklores, as well as those seemingly disparate. Revered in varying capacities in mythology, literature, and architecture, the figure’s analogs and accretions have manifold associations to religiously significant personalities like St. George, Elijah, Gilgamesh, Buddha, Christ, and Melchizedek. Often bridging the sacred and profane, the figure’s literary function is unusually polyvalent and associative readings flexibly range from prophetic guide and reconciler of paradoxes, to boundary-crossing and subverting trickster. However, the trickster figure archetypally imparts moral lessons by upsetting conventions and norms; he can teach his lessons through terror, but he can also beguile. If this is the case only because his telos redounds to a pantheon of polytheism, how do these features obtain when bound by monotheistic-based canons? The enigmatic character in the Qurʾān, dubbed al-Khiḍr and revered in canonical contexts, similarly has a didactic trickster-like encounter with Moses, whom he guides on a journey of paradoxes and reconciliations. As they manifest in other contexts, various permutations are only reconciled if a division is based on telos because the character’s abundantly operative meaning is predicated on the realism of established canonical boundaries, which evinces why nominalist ontology struggles to cohere with various folkloric interpretations. Consequently, despite the recent pushback against canons, making such a compulsory distinction for a boundary-crossing character argues for affirming the continued relevance of such boundaries.

Kaynakça

  • Adamson, Peter. A History of Philosophy without Any Gaps, volume 3: Philosophy in the Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018.
  • Atwood, Margaret. Review of Trickster Makes This World, by Lewis Hyde. Los Angeles Times (1998). https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-25-bk-11790-story.html. Accessed December 10, 2019.
  • Bloom, Allan. The Closing of the American Mind. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1987.
  • Budge, E. A. Wallis. The Book of the Cave of Treasures: A History of the Patriarchs and the Kings, Their Successors, from the Creation to the Crucifixion of Christ. London: The Religious Tract Society, 1927.
  • Burke, Edmund. The Works of Edmund Burke, vol. 1: A Vindication of Natural Society. An Essay on the Sublime and Beautiful: Political Miscellanies. London: George Bell & Sons, 1909.
  • Chase, Richard. The Jack Tales. 17th ed. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1943.
  • Chittick, William. Sufism: A Beginner’s Guide. Oxford: Oneworld, 2000. Culler, Jonathan. Literary Theory. New York: Sterling Publishing Company, 2009.
  • Eagleton, Terry. Literary Theory: An Introduction. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1983.
  • Eliade, Mircea. The Sacred and the Profane: The Nature of Religion. Translated by Willard R. Trask. New York, NY: Harcourt, 1959.
  • Engineer, Asghar Ali. “Iqbal’s ‘Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam’: A Critical Appraisal.” Social Scientist 8, no. 8 (1980): 52-63. https://doi.org/10.2307/3516692. Ernst, Carl W. Rūzbihān Baqlī: Mysticism and the Rhetoric of Sainthood in Persian Sufism. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, 1996.
  • Franke, Patrick. Begegnung mit Khidr: Quellenstudien zum Imaginären im traditionellen Islam. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2000.
  • George, Andrew R. The Babylonian Gilgamesh Epic: Introduction, Critical Edition and Cuneiform Texts, Volume 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
  • Graziosi, Barbara. Inventing Homer: The Early Reception of Epic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
  • Gwynne, Rosalind Ward. Logic, Rhetoric and Legal Reasoning in the Qurʾān: God’s Arguments. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2004.
  • Hansen, George P. The Trickster and the Paranormal. Philadelphia, PA: Xlibris, 2001.
  • Hasluck, Frederick William. Christianity and Islam under the Sultans. Edited by Margaret M. Hasluck. Oxford: The Clarendon Pres, 1929.
  • Herrigel, Eugen. Zen in the Art of Archery. New York: Pantheon Books Inc., 1993.
  • Hodgson, Marshall G. S. The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization, Vol. 1: The Classical Age of Islam. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1974. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226346861.001.0001.
  • Horton, Fred L. The Melchizedek Tradition: a critical examination of the sources to the fifth century A.D. and in the Epistle to the Hebrews. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
  • Hyde, Lewis. The Gift: Imagination and the Erotic Life of Property. New York: Random House, 1988.
  • Hyde, Lewis. Trickster Makes this World: Mischief, Myth, and Art. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010.
  • Iles, Susanne. “Eshu, an Afro-Caribbean Divine Trickster.” Sacred Hoop 29 (Summer 2000): 17.
  • Jung, Carl Gustav. Four Archetypes. Boston, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992.
  • Kāshifī-Sabzawārī, Ḥusayn Wāʿiẓ. The Royal Book of Spiritual Chivalry (Futūwat nāmah-yi sulṭānī). Translated by Jay R. Crook. Chicago: Great Books of the Islamic World, 2000.
  • Kasulis, Thomas P. Zen Action/Zen Person. Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii, 1981.
  • Khan, Victoria. “The Metaphorical Contract in Milton’s Tenure of Kings and Magistrates.” In Milton and Republicanism, edited by David Armitage, Armand Himy and Quentin Skinner, 82-105. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511598456.006.
  • Krech, Volkhard. “Religious Contacts in Past and Present Times: Aspects of a Research Programme.” Religion 42, no. 2 (2012): 191-213. https://doi.org/10.1080/0048721X.2012.642572.
  • Kugel, James Lewis. Traditions of the Bible: A Guide to the Bible as it was at the Start of the Common Era. Cambridge, Mass. & London: Harvard University Press, 1998.
  • Lawrence, Bruce B. Shahrastani on the Indian Religions. The Hague: Mouton, 1976. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110800999.
  • Lindqvist, Sven. A History of Bombing. Translated by Linda Haverty Rugg. New York: New Press, 2003.
  • Longman, Tremper. How to Read Genesis. Downers Grove, Ill.: IVP Academic, 2005.
  • Louth, Andrew. “Augustine on Language.” Journal of Literature & Theology 3, no. 2 (1989): 151-158. https://doi.org/10.1093/litthe/3.2.151. Lucas, George. “Yoda Is Supposed to be just a Normal Guy.” https://www.clickhole.com/yoda-is-supposed-to-be-just-a-normal-guy-1829478120. Accessed October 11, 2019.
  • Masuzawa, Tomoko. The Invention of World Religions: or, How European Universalism was Preserved in the Language of Pluralism. Chicago, Ill.: The University of Chicago Press, 2005.
  • McClintock, Sara L. “Compassionate Trickster: The Buddha as a Literary Character in the Narratives of Early Indian Buddhism.” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 79, no. 1 (2011): 90-112. https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/lfq061.
  • Mir, Mustansir. “The Qur’an as Literature.” Religion & Literature 20, no. 1 (1988): 49-64.
  • Morgan, Winifred. The Trickster Figure in American Literature. New York, NY: Palgrave MacMillan, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137344724.
  • Murad, Abdal Hakim. “Rethinking Islamic Education.” Lecture delivered February 6, 2016 at the International Islamic University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bI8y3Q_FpD4. Accessed December 10, 2019.
  • Muslim, Abū l-Ḥusayn Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj al-Qushayrī. Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim. 5 vols. Edited by Muḥammad Fuʾād ʿAbd al-Bāqī. Cairo: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Kutub al-ʿArabiyyah, 1955.
  • Nasr, Seyyed Hossein, Caner K. Dagli, Maria Massi Dakake, Joseph E. B. Lumbard, and Mohammad Rustom, eds. The Study Quran: A New Translation and Commentary. New York, NY: HarperOne, an Imprint of HarperCollins Publishers, 2017.
  • Omar, Irfan A. “Khiḍr in the Islamic Tradition.” The Muslim World 83, no. 3-4 (1993): 279-294. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-1913.1993.tb03580.x.
  • Omar, Irfan A. “Reflecting Divine Light: al-Khidr as an Embodiment of God’s Mercy (rahma).” In Gotteserlebnis und Gotteslehre: Christliche und islamische Mystik im Orient, edited by Martin Tamcke, 167-180. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2010.
  • “Orkneyjar: The Heritage of the Orkney Islands.” orkneyjar.com/folklore/selkiefolk/sulesk.htm, accessed February 11, 2019.
  • Ormsby, Eric. Ghazali: The Revival of Islam. Oxford: Oneworld, 2008.
  • Parfitt, Adam, David Price, and Marcus Weeks. A Measure of Everything: An Illustrated Guide to the Science of Measurement. Edited by Christopher Joseph. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books, 2005.
  • Pinkham, Mark Amaru. Guardians of the Holy Grail: The Knights Templar, John the Baptist, and the Water of Life. Kempton, IL: Adventures Unlimited Press, 2004.
  • Radin, Paul, Karl Kerényi, and Carl Gustav Jung. The Trickster: A Study in American Indian Mythology. New York: Schocken Books, 1988.
  • Renard, John. Islam and the Heroic Image: Themes in Literature and the Visual Arts. Macon: Mercer University Press, 1999.
  • Reynolds, Gabriel Said. The Qurʾān and the Bible: Text and Commentary. Qurʾān translation by Ali Quli Qarai. New Haven & London: Yale University Press, 2018.
  • Salih, Tayeb. The Wedding of Zein, and Other Stories. London: Heinemann Educational Books, 1969.
  • Shah, Idries. The Way of the Sufi. New York: Dutton, 1969.
  • al-Shahrastānī, Abū l-Fatḥ Tāj al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Karīm. al-Milal wa-l-niḥal. Edited by Amīr ʿAlī Mahnā and ʿAlī Ḥasan Fāʿūr. 3rd ed. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifah, 1993.
  • Shawcross, John T. John Milton: The Self and the World. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 1993.
  • Skinner, Quentin. “Thomas Hobbes: Rhetoric and the Construction of Morality.” In Proceedings of the British Academy, volume 76: 1990 Lectures and Memoirs. Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press, 1991, 1-61.
  • Taylor, Charles. A Secular Age. Cambridge, Mass. & London: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2007. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvxrpz54.
  • van Bladel, Kevin. “The Alexander Legend in the Qur’ān 18:83–102.” In The Qurʾān and its Historical Context, edited by Gabriel Said Reynolds, 175-203. London & New York: Routledge, 2008.
  • Watson, Gerard. “St. Augustine’s Theory of Language.” The Maynooth Review 6, no. 2 (1982), 4-20.
  • Wensinck, Arent Jan. “al-Khaḍir (al-Khiḍr).” In Encyclopaedia of Islam. Third impression. Edited by P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, and W. P. Heinrichs. Leiden: Brill, 1997, IV, 902-905.
  • Williams, Raymond. Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society. Revised ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983.
  • Wolper, Ethel Sara. “Khiḍr and the Changing Frontiers of the Medieval World,” Medieval Encounters 17, no. 1-2 (2011): 120-146, https://doi.org/10.1163 /9789004221031_005.
  • Wolper, Ethel Sara. “Khiḍr and the Politics of Place: Creating Landscapes of Continuity.” In Muslims & Others in Sacred Space, edited by Margaret Cormack, 147-163. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199925049.003.0006.
  • Yusuf, Hamza. “Buddha in the Qurʾān?” In Common Ground Between Islam & Buddhism by Reza Shah Kazemi, 113-136. Louisville, KY: Fons Vitae, 2010.
  • Yusuf, Hamza. “Is the Matter of Metaphysics Material? Yes and No.” Renovatio: The Journal of Zaytuna College 3, no. 2 (2017): 81-91.
Yıl 2020, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 9 - 46, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.12730/13091719.2020.111.199

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Adamson, Peter. A History of Philosophy without Any Gaps, volume 3: Philosophy in the Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018.
  • Atwood, Margaret. Review of Trickster Makes This World, by Lewis Hyde. Los Angeles Times (1998). https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-25-bk-11790-story.html. Accessed December 10, 2019.
  • Bloom, Allan. The Closing of the American Mind. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1987.
  • Budge, E. A. Wallis. The Book of the Cave of Treasures: A History of the Patriarchs and the Kings, Their Successors, from the Creation to the Crucifixion of Christ. London: The Religious Tract Society, 1927.
  • Burke, Edmund. The Works of Edmund Burke, vol. 1: A Vindication of Natural Society. An Essay on the Sublime and Beautiful: Political Miscellanies. London: George Bell & Sons, 1909.
  • Chase, Richard. The Jack Tales. 17th ed. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1943.
  • Chittick, William. Sufism: A Beginner’s Guide. Oxford: Oneworld, 2000. Culler, Jonathan. Literary Theory. New York: Sterling Publishing Company, 2009.
  • Eagleton, Terry. Literary Theory: An Introduction. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1983.
  • Eliade, Mircea. The Sacred and the Profane: The Nature of Religion. Translated by Willard R. Trask. New York, NY: Harcourt, 1959.
  • Engineer, Asghar Ali. “Iqbal’s ‘Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam’: A Critical Appraisal.” Social Scientist 8, no. 8 (1980): 52-63. https://doi.org/10.2307/3516692. Ernst, Carl W. Rūzbihān Baqlī: Mysticism and the Rhetoric of Sainthood in Persian Sufism. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, 1996.
  • Franke, Patrick. Begegnung mit Khidr: Quellenstudien zum Imaginären im traditionellen Islam. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2000.
  • George, Andrew R. The Babylonian Gilgamesh Epic: Introduction, Critical Edition and Cuneiform Texts, Volume 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
  • Graziosi, Barbara. Inventing Homer: The Early Reception of Epic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
  • Gwynne, Rosalind Ward. Logic, Rhetoric and Legal Reasoning in the Qurʾān: God’s Arguments. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2004.
  • Hansen, George P. The Trickster and the Paranormal. Philadelphia, PA: Xlibris, 2001.
  • Hasluck, Frederick William. Christianity and Islam under the Sultans. Edited by Margaret M. Hasluck. Oxford: The Clarendon Pres, 1929.
  • Herrigel, Eugen. Zen in the Art of Archery. New York: Pantheon Books Inc., 1993.
  • Hodgson, Marshall G. S. The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization, Vol. 1: The Classical Age of Islam. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1974. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226346861.001.0001.
  • Horton, Fred L. The Melchizedek Tradition: a critical examination of the sources to the fifth century A.D. and in the Epistle to the Hebrews. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
  • Hyde, Lewis. The Gift: Imagination and the Erotic Life of Property. New York: Random House, 1988.
  • Hyde, Lewis. Trickster Makes this World: Mischief, Myth, and Art. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010.
  • Iles, Susanne. “Eshu, an Afro-Caribbean Divine Trickster.” Sacred Hoop 29 (Summer 2000): 17.
  • Jung, Carl Gustav. Four Archetypes. Boston, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992.
  • Kāshifī-Sabzawārī, Ḥusayn Wāʿiẓ. The Royal Book of Spiritual Chivalry (Futūwat nāmah-yi sulṭānī). Translated by Jay R. Crook. Chicago: Great Books of the Islamic World, 2000.
  • Kasulis, Thomas P. Zen Action/Zen Person. Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii, 1981.
  • Khan, Victoria. “The Metaphorical Contract in Milton’s Tenure of Kings and Magistrates.” In Milton and Republicanism, edited by David Armitage, Armand Himy and Quentin Skinner, 82-105. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511598456.006.
  • Krech, Volkhard. “Religious Contacts in Past and Present Times: Aspects of a Research Programme.” Religion 42, no. 2 (2012): 191-213. https://doi.org/10.1080/0048721X.2012.642572.
  • Kugel, James Lewis. Traditions of the Bible: A Guide to the Bible as it was at the Start of the Common Era. Cambridge, Mass. & London: Harvard University Press, 1998.
  • Lawrence, Bruce B. Shahrastani on the Indian Religions. The Hague: Mouton, 1976. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110800999.
  • Lindqvist, Sven. A History of Bombing. Translated by Linda Haverty Rugg. New York: New Press, 2003.
  • Longman, Tremper. How to Read Genesis. Downers Grove, Ill.: IVP Academic, 2005.
  • Louth, Andrew. “Augustine on Language.” Journal of Literature & Theology 3, no. 2 (1989): 151-158. https://doi.org/10.1093/litthe/3.2.151. Lucas, George. “Yoda Is Supposed to be just a Normal Guy.” https://www.clickhole.com/yoda-is-supposed-to-be-just-a-normal-guy-1829478120. Accessed October 11, 2019.
  • Masuzawa, Tomoko. The Invention of World Religions: or, How European Universalism was Preserved in the Language of Pluralism. Chicago, Ill.: The University of Chicago Press, 2005.
  • McClintock, Sara L. “Compassionate Trickster: The Buddha as a Literary Character in the Narratives of Early Indian Buddhism.” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 79, no. 1 (2011): 90-112. https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/lfq061.
  • Mir, Mustansir. “The Qur’an as Literature.” Religion & Literature 20, no. 1 (1988): 49-64.
  • Morgan, Winifred. The Trickster Figure in American Literature. New York, NY: Palgrave MacMillan, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137344724.
  • Murad, Abdal Hakim. “Rethinking Islamic Education.” Lecture delivered February 6, 2016 at the International Islamic University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bI8y3Q_FpD4. Accessed December 10, 2019.
  • Muslim, Abū l-Ḥusayn Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj al-Qushayrī. Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim. 5 vols. Edited by Muḥammad Fuʾād ʿAbd al-Bāqī. Cairo: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Kutub al-ʿArabiyyah, 1955.
  • Nasr, Seyyed Hossein, Caner K. Dagli, Maria Massi Dakake, Joseph E. B. Lumbard, and Mohammad Rustom, eds. The Study Quran: A New Translation and Commentary. New York, NY: HarperOne, an Imprint of HarperCollins Publishers, 2017.
  • Omar, Irfan A. “Khiḍr in the Islamic Tradition.” The Muslim World 83, no. 3-4 (1993): 279-294. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-1913.1993.tb03580.x.
  • Omar, Irfan A. “Reflecting Divine Light: al-Khidr as an Embodiment of God’s Mercy (rahma).” In Gotteserlebnis und Gotteslehre: Christliche und islamische Mystik im Orient, edited by Martin Tamcke, 167-180. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2010.
  • “Orkneyjar: The Heritage of the Orkney Islands.” orkneyjar.com/folklore/selkiefolk/sulesk.htm, accessed February 11, 2019.
  • Ormsby, Eric. Ghazali: The Revival of Islam. Oxford: Oneworld, 2008.
  • Parfitt, Adam, David Price, and Marcus Weeks. A Measure of Everything: An Illustrated Guide to the Science of Measurement. Edited by Christopher Joseph. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books, 2005.
  • Pinkham, Mark Amaru. Guardians of the Holy Grail: The Knights Templar, John the Baptist, and the Water of Life. Kempton, IL: Adventures Unlimited Press, 2004.
  • Radin, Paul, Karl Kerényi, and Carl Gustav Jung. The Trickster: A Study in American Indian Mythology. New York: Schocken Books, 1988.
  • Renard, John. Islam and the Heroic Image: Themes in Literature and the Visual Arts. Macon: Mercer University Press, 1999.
  • Reynolds, Gabriel Said. The Qurʾān and the Bible: Text and Commentary. Qurʾān translation by Ali Quli Qarai. New Haven & London: Yale University Press, 2018.
  • Salih, Tayeb. The Wedding of Zein, and Other Stories. London: Heinemann Educational Books, 1969.
  • Shah, Idries. The Way of the Sufi. New York: Dutton, 1969.
  • al-Shahrastānī, Abū l-Fatḥ Tāj al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Karīm. al-Milal wa-l-niḥal. Edited by Amīr ʿAlī Mahnā and ʿAlī Ḥasan Fāʿūr. 3rd ed. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifah, 1993.
  • Shawcross, John T. John Milton: The Self and the World. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 1993.
  • Skinner, Quentin. “Thomas Hobbes: Rhetoric and the Construction of Morality.” In Proceedings of the British Academy, volume 76: 1990 Lectures and Memoirs. Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press, 1991, 1-61.
  • Taylor, Charles. A Secular Age. Cambridge, Mass. & London: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2007. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvxrpz54.
  • van Bladel, Kevin. “The Alexander Legend in the Qur’ān 18:83–102.” In The Qurʾān and its Historical Context, edited by Gabriel Said Reynolds, 175-203. London & New York: Routledge, 2008.
  • Watson, Gerard. “St. Augustine’s Theory of Language.” The Maynooth Review 6, no. 2 (1982), 4-20.
  • Wensinck, Arent Jan. “al-Khaḍir (al-Khiḍr).” In Encyclopaedia of Islam. Third impression. Edited by P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, and W. P. Heinrichs. Leiden: Brill, 1997, IV, 902-905.
  • Williams, Raymond. Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society. Revised ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983.
  • Wolper, Ethel Sara. “Khiḍr and the Changing Frontiers of the Medieval World,” Medieval Encounters 17, no. 1-2 (2011): 120-146, https://doi.org/10.1163 /9789004221031_005.
  • Wolper, Ethel Sara. “Khiḍr and the Politics of Place: Creating Landscapes of Continuity.” In Muslims & Others in Sacred Space, edited by Margaret Cormack, 147-163. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199925049.003.0006.
  • Yusuf, Hamza. “Buddha in the Qurʾān?” In Common Ground Between Islam & Buddhism by Reza Shah Kazemi, 113-136. Louisville, KY: Fons Vitae, 2010.
  • Yusuf, Hamza. “Is the Matter of Metaphysics Material? Yes and No.” Renovatio: The Journal of Zaytuna College 3, no. 2 (2017): 81-91.
Toplam 62 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Din Araştırmaları
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Jibril Latıf Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-1710-2586

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Latıf, Jibril. “The Green Man: What Reading Khiḍr As Trickster Evinces about the Canon”. Ilahiyat Studies 11/1 (Haziran 2020), 9-46. https://doi.org/10.12730/13091719.2020.111.199.

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