Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster
Yıl 2022, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 119 - 151, 22.11.2022
https://doi.org/10.12730/13091719.2022.131.235

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Abdel Haleem, M. A. S. The Qur’an: A New Translation. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.
  • ʿAbduh, Muḥammad. Risālat al-tawḥīd. Cairo: Dār al-Shurūq, 1994.
  • Abdul-Raof, Hussein. “Tawhid.” In The Qur’an: An Encyclopedia, edited by Oliver Leaman, London: Routledge, 2006, 651-653.
  • Abrahamov, Binyamin. Divine Love in Islamic Mysticism: The Teachings of al-Ghazâlî and al-Dabbâgh. London: Routledge Curzon, 2003.
  • Ali, Abdullah Yusuf. The Meaning of the Holy Qurʾān. Maryland: Amana Publications, 1992.
  • al-Ālūsī, Abū l-Faḍl Shihāb al-Dīn al-Sayyid Maḥmūd. Rūḥ al-maʿānī fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm wa-l-sabʿ al-mathānī. 30 vols. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, n.d.Alzahrani, Mojib. “The Concept of Esthetics and Beauty in Islam as One of the Components of Islamic Art.” Journal of Education 2, no 88 (August 2021), 55-75.
  • Austin, M. R. “Aesthetic Experience and the Nature of Religious Perception,” Journal of Aesthetic Education 14, no. 3 (1980), 19-35.
  • Aziz, K.K. The Meaning of Islamic Art: Explorations in Religious Symbolism and Social Relevance. Lahore: Al-Faisal, 2004.
  • Badawi, M. and Muhammad Abdel Haleem. Arabic-English Dictionary of Qurʼānic Usage. Leiden: Brill, 2008.
  • Badri, Malik. Contemplation: an Islamic Psychospiritual Study. Translated by Abdul-Wahid Lu’lu’a. Herndon: The International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2000.
  • Behrens-Abouseif, Doris. Beauty in Arabic Culture. Princeton: Markus Wiener Publishers, 1999.
  • Böwering, Gerhard. “God and His Attributes.” In The Encyclopedia of the Qurʾān, edited by Jane Dammen McAuliffe, 2:316-331. Leiden: Brill, 2002.
  • Brady, Emily. Aesthetics of the Natural Environment. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2003.
  • Carlson, Allen. Aesthetics and the Environment: The Appreciation of Nature, Art and Architecture. London: Routledge, 2002.
  • Che Man, Shaibatul’ Islamiah et al. “‘Al-Jamaal’ as a Concept of Islamic Aesthetics: From the Perspective of Religion and Art.” Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience (December 2016), 1-5.
  • Chittick, William. “Love in Islamic Thought.” Religion Compass 8, no. 7 (2014), 229-238.
  • Dickie, George. Aesthetics: An Introduction. Indianapolis: Pegasus, 1971.
  • al-Fīrūzābādī, Majd al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb. Baṣāʾir dhawī l-tamyīz fī laṭāʾif al-Kitāb al-ʿazīz. 6 vols. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAlī al-Najjār Najjār and ʿAbd al-ʿAlīm al-Ṭaḥawī. Beirut: al-Maktabah al-ʿIlmiyyah, n.d.
  • Gatz, Felix M. “The Object of Aesthetics: The Place of Beauty and Art in Aesthetics.” The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 1, no. 4 (Winter 1941-1942), 33-57.
  • al-Ghazālī, Abū Hāmid Muḥammad. The Ninety-Nine Beautiful Names of God: al-Maqṣad al-asná fī asmāʾ Allāh al-ḥusná. Translated by David B. Burrell and Nazih Daher. Cambridge: The Islamic Texts Society, 1992. Gonzalez, Valérie. Beauty and Islam: Aesthetics in Islamic Art and Architecture. London: I.B Tauris: 2001.
  • Grabar, Oleg. “Art and Architecture.” In The Encyclopedia of the Qurʾān, edited by Jane Dammen McAuliffe, Leiden: Brill, 2002, I:161-175.
  • Hillenbrand, Carole. “Some Aspects of al-Ghazālī’s Views on Beauty.” In Gott ist schön und Er liebt die Schönheit: God is beautiful and He loves beauty: festschrift in honour of Annemarie Schimmel presented by students, friends and colleagues on April 7, 1992, edited by Alma Giese and J. Christoph Bürgel, Bern: Peter Lang, 1994, 249-265.
  • Ibn ʻĀshūr, Muḥammad al-Ṭahir. Tafsīr al-taḥrīr wa al-tanwīr. 30 vols. Tunis: al-Dār al-Tūnisiyyah, 1984.
  • Ibn Manẓūr, Abū l- Faḍl Jamāl al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Mukarram al-Anṣārī. Lisān al-ʿArab. 6 vols. Edited by ʿAbd Allāh ʿAlī al-Kabīr, Muḥammad Aḥmad Ḥasb Allāh, and Hāshim Muḥammad al-Shādhilī. Cairo: Dār al-Maʿārif, 1981.
  • ʿImārah, Muḥammad. al-Islām wa-l-funūn al-jamīlah. Cairo: Dār al-Shurūq, 1st ed., 1991. al-Iṣfahānī, al-Rāghib. Mufradāt alfāẓ al-Qurʾān. Edited by Muḥammad Sayyid Kīlānī. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifah, 1999.
  • Jamil, Javed. “Purpose of the Creation of Man: Quran’s True Vision of Anthropic Principle.” International Journal of Islamic Thought, no. 15 (December 2019): 51-63.
  • al-Kafawī, Abū l-Baqāʾ Ayyūb ibn Mūsá al-Ḥusaynī. al-Kulliyyāt: Muʿjam fī l-muṣṭalaḥāt wa-l-furūq al-lughawiyyah. Edited by ʿAdnān Darwīsh and Muḥammad al-Miṣrī. 2nd ed. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Risālah, 1998.
  • Kazemi, Reza Shah. “Truly God is Beautiful and He Loves Beauty: Aesthetics and Metaphysics in the Light of Tawḥīd.” Lecture presented at the Prince’s School of Traditional Art. London, November 27, 2013.
  • Korsmeyer, Karolyn. “Taste.” In The Routledge Companion to Aesthetics, ed. Berys Gaut and Dominic McIver Lopes, 267-277. London: Routledge, 2001.
  • Lane, Edward William. An Arabic-English Lexicon. 8 vols. Beirut: Librairie Due Liban, 1968.
  • Leaman, Oliver. “Al-Rahman.” In The Qurʼan: An Encyclopedia, edited by Oliver Leaman, 527-529. London: Routledge, 2006, 527-529.
  • Leaman, Oliver. “Natural World and the Qurʾān.” In The Qurʼan: An Encyclopedia, edited by Oliver Leaman, 451-457. London: Routledge, 2006, 451-457.
  • Madigan, Daniel A. “Themes and Topics.” in The Cambridge Companion to the Qurʾān, edited by Jane Dammen McAuliffe, 79-96. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
  • Mawdūdī, Sayyid Abul Aʻlā. Towards Understanding the Qurʾān: Abridged Version of Tafhīm al-Qurʾān. Translated & edited by Zafar Ishaq Ansari. 2006. Reprint, Leicester: The Islamic Foundation, 2006.
  • Moore, Jared S. “Beauty As Harmony.” The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 2, no. 7 (1942-1943): 40-50.
  • Murata, Sachiko and William C. Chittick. The Vision of Islam. Minnesota: Paragon House, 1994.
  • Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. The Heart of Islam: Enduring Values for Humanity. New York: HarperCollins, 2002.
  • Nwodo, Christopher S. “Philosophy of Art versus Aesthetics.” British Journal of Aesthetics 24, no. 3 (1984): 195-205.
  • al-Qaraḍāwī, Yūsuf. al-Islām wa-l-fann. Cairo: Maktabat Wahbah, 1995.
  • Quṭb, Sayyid. Fī Ẓilāl al-Qurʾān. 6 vols. 32nd ed. Cairo: Dār al-Shurūq, 2003.
  • Quṭb, Sayyid. In the Shade of the Qurʾān. 18 vols. Translated and edited by Adil Salahi. Leicester: The Islamic Foundation, 2005.
  • Rahman, Fazlur. Islam and Modernity: Transformation of an Intellectual Tradition. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1982.
  • Reid, Louis Arnaud. “Knowledge, Morals, and Aesthetic Education.” Journal of Aesthetic Education 2, no. 3 (1968): 41-54.
  • Richmond, John W. “Reconsidering Aesthetic and Religious Experience: A Companion View.” Journal of Aesthetic Education 33, no. 4 (1999): 29-49.
  • Riḍā, Muḥammad Rashīd. Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ḥakīm: al-mushtahir bi-ism Tafsīr al-Manār. 12 vols. Cairo: Dār al-Manār, 2nd ed., 1947.
  • Rosenthal, Franz. Four Essays on Art and Literature in Islam. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1971.
  • Sarıtoprak, Zeki. “Allah.” In The Qurʼan: An Encyclopedia, edited by Oliver Leaman, 33-41. London: Routledge, 2006.
  • al-Shāmī, Ṣāliḥ Aḥmad. al-Ẓāhirah al-jamāliyyah fī l-Islām. Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islāmī, 1986.
  • al-Shaʿrāwī, Muḥammad Mutawallī. Tafsīr al-Shaʿrāwī. 24 vols. Cairo: Akhbār al-Yawm, 1999.
  • Stolnitz, Jerome. “Beauty: Some Stages in the History of an Idea.” Journal of the History of Ideas 22, no. 2 (April/June 1961): 185-204.
  • Tawfīq, ʿAbbās. “Alfāẓ al-jamāl fī l-Qurʾān al-karīm,” 2-3. https://www.quranicthought.com/wp-content/uploads/post_attachments/5f7a31c3c0a0b.pdf, accessed March 22, 2021.
  • al-Wāḥidī, Abū l-Ḥasan. ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad al-. Asbāb al-nuzūl al-Qurʾān. Edited by Kamāl Basyūnī Zaghlūl. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 1991.
  • Winn, Ralph B. “The Beauty of Nature and Art.” The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 2, no. 5 (1942): 3-13.
  • al-Zabīdī, Abū l- Fayḍ Muḥammad al-Murtaḍá al-Ḥusaynī. Tāj al-ʿarūs min jawāhir al-Qāmūs. Edited by ʿAbd al-Sattār Aḥmad Farrāj, ʿAlī Hilālī, ʿAbd al-ʿAlīm al-Ṭaḥāwī, Muṣṭafá Ḥijāzī, Ḥusayn Qaṣṣār, ʿAbd al-Salām Muḥammad Hārūn, ʿAba al-ʿAzīz Maṭar, ʿAbd al-Karīm al-ʿIzbāwī, Maḥmūd Muḥammad al-Ṭanāḥī. ʿAbd al-Fattāḥ al-Ḥulw, Ibrāhīm al-Tarzī, ʿAbd al-Ṣabūr Shāhīn. Kuwait: Wizārat al-Iʿlām, 1993.

Aesthetic Characteristics in the Qurʾān

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 119 - 151, 22.11.2022
https://doi.org/10.12730/13091719.2022.131.235

Öz

It can be argued that the notion of aesthetics occupies a central place in Islam’s revealed text. Discussing the qualities that characterize the notion of aesthetics has attracted the attention of scholarly tradition. In the Qurʾānic discourse, various qualities can be discerned to characterize aesthetics.
To gain a better understanding and to construct a comprehensive image of the Qurʾānic perspective of aesthetic characteristics, the Qurʾān must be taken in its entirety. However, this study is based on the thematic exegesis genre, which aims to present a holistic view of the theme as discussed throughout the entire Qurʾānic text considering selected modern Qurʾānic exegeses, where more attention is given to a number of exegetical aspects considered in thematic exegesis.

Kaynakça

  • Abdel Haleem, M. A. S. The Qur’an: A New Translation. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.
  • ʿAbduh, Muḥammad. Risālat al-tawḥīd. Cairo: Dār al-Shurūq, 1994.
  • Abdul-Raof, Hussein. “Tawhid.” In The Qur’an: An Encyclopedia, edited by Oliver Leaman, London: Routledge, 2006, 651-653.
  • Abrahamov, Binyamin. Divine Love in Islamic Mysticism: The Teachings of al-Ghazâlî and al-Dabbâgh. London: Routledge Curzon, 2003.
  • Ali, Abdullah Yusuf. The Meaning of the Holy Qurʾān. Maryland: Amana Publications, 1992.
  • al-Ālūsī, Abū l-Faḍl Shihāb al-Dīn al-Sayyid Maḥmūd. Rūḥ al-maʿānī fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm wa-l-sabʿ al-mathānī. 30 vols. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, n.d.Alzahrani, Mojib. “The Concept of Esthetics and Beauty in Islam as One of the Components of Islamic Art.” Journal of Education 2, no 88 (August 2021), 55-75.
  • Austin, M. R. “Aesthetic Experience and the Nature of Religious Perception,” Journal of Aesthetic Education 14, no. 3 (1980), 19-35.
  • Aziz, K.K. The Meaning of Islamic Art: Explorations in Religious Symbolism and Social Relevance. Lahore: Al-Faisal, 2004.
  • Badawi, M. and Muhammad Abdel Haleem. Arabic-English Dictionary of Qurʼānic Usage. Leiden: Brill, 2008.
  • Badri, Malik. Contemplation: an Islamic Psychospiritual Study. Translated by Abdul-Wahid Lu’lu’a. Herndon: The International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2000.
  • Behrens-Abouseif, Doris. Beauty in Arabic Culture. Princeton: Markus Wiener Publishers, 1999.
  • Böwering, Gerhard. “God and His Attributes.” In The Encyclopedia of the Qurʾān, edited by Jane Dammen McAuliffe, 2:316-331. Leiden: Brill, 2002.
  • Brady, Emily. Aesthetics of the Natural Environment. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2003.
  • Carlson, Allen. Aesthetics and the Environment: The Appreciation of Nature, Art and Architecture. London: Routledge, 2002.
  • Che Man, Shaibatul’ Islamiah et al. “‘Al-Jamaal’ as a Concept of Islamic Aesthetics: From the Perspective of Religion and Art.” Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience (December 2016), 1-5.
  • Chittick, William. “Love in Islamic Thought.” Religion Compass 8, no. 7 (2014), 229-238.
  • Dickie, George. Aesthetics: An Introduction. Indianapolis: Pegasus, 1971.
  • al-Fīrūzābādī, Majd al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb. Baṣāʾir dhawī l-tamyīz fī laṭāʾif al-Kitāb al-ʿazīz. 6 vols. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAlī al-Najjār Najjār and ʿAbd al-ʿAlīm al-Ṭaḥawī. Beirut: al-Maktabah al-ʿIlmiyyah, n.d.
  • Gatz, Felix M. “The Object of Aesthetics: The Place of Beauty and Art in Aesthetics.” The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 1, no. 4 (Winter 1941-1942), 33-57.
  • al-Ghazālī, Abū Hāmid Muḥammad. The Ninety-Nine Beautiful Names of God: al-Maqṣad al-asná fī asmāʾ Allāh al-ḥusná. Translated by David B. Burrell and Nazih Daher. Cambridge: The Islamic Texts Society, 1992. Gonzalez, Valérie. Beauty and Islam: Aesthetics in Islamic Art and Architecture. London: I.B Tauris: 2001.
  • Grabar, Oleg. “Art and Architecture.” In The Encyclopedia of the Qurʾān, edited by Jane Dammen McAuliffe, Leiden: Brill, 2002, I:161-175.
  • Hillenbrand, Carole. “Some Aspects of al-Ghazālī’s Views on Beauty.” In Gott ist schön und Er liebt die Schönheit: God is beautiful and He loves beauty: festschrift in honour of Annemarie Schimmel presented by students, friends and colleagues on April 7, 1992, edited by Alma Giese and J. Christoph Bürgel, Bern: Peter Lang, 1994, 249-265.
  • Ibn ʻĀshūr, Muḥammad al-Ṭahir. Tafsīr al-taḥrīr wa al-tanwīr. 30 vols. Tunis: al-Dār al-Tūnisiyyah, 1984.
  • Ibn Manẓūr, Abū l- Faḍl Jamāl al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Mukarram al-Anṣārī. Lisān al-ʿArab. 6 vols. Edited by ʿAbd Allāh ʿAlī al-Kabīr, Muḥammad Aḥmad Ḥasb Allāh, and Hāshim Muḥammad al-Shādhilī. Cairo: Dār al-Maʿārif, 1981.
  • ʿImārah, Muḥammad. al-Islām wa-l-funūn al-jamīlah. Cairo: Dār al-Shurūq, 1st ed., 1991. al-Iṣfahānī, al-Rāghib. Mufradāt alfāẓ al-Qurʾān. Edited by Muḥammad Sayyid Kīlānī. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifah, 1999.
  • Jamil, Javed. “Purpose of the Creation of Man: Quran’s True Vision of Anthropic Principle.” International Journal of Islamic Thought, no. 15 (December 2019): 51-63.
  • al-Kafawī, Abū l-Baqāʾ Ayyūb ibn Mūsá al-Ḥusaynī. al-Kulliyyāt: Muʿjam fī l-muṣṭalaḥāt wa-l-furūq al-lughawiyyah. Edited by ʿAdnān Darwīsh and Muḥammad al-Miṣrī. 2nd ed. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Risālah, 1998.
  • Kazemi, Reza Shah. “Truly God is Beautiful and He Loves Beauty: Aesthetics and Metaphysics in the Light of Tawḥīd.” Lecture presented at the Prince’s School of Traditional Art. London, November 27, 2013.
  • Korsmeyer, Karolyn. “Taste.” In The Routledge Companion to Aesthetics, ed. Berys Gaut and Dominic McIver Lopes, 267-277. London: Routledge, 2001.
  • Lane, Edward William. An Arabic-English Lexicon. 8 vols. Beirut: Librairie Due Liban, 1968.
  • Leaman, Oliver. “Al-Rahman.” In The Qurʼan: An Encyclopedia, edited by Oliver Leaman, 527-529. London: Routledge, 2006, 527-529.
  • Leaman, Oliver. “Natural World and the Qurʾān.” In The Qurʼan: An Encyclopedia, edited by Oliver Leaman, 451-457. London: Routledge, 2006, 451-457.
  • Madigan, Daniel A. “Themes and Topics.” in The Cambridge Companion to the Qurʾān, edited by Jane Dammen McAuliffe, 79-96. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
  • Mawdūdī, Sayyid Abul Aʻlā. Towards Understanding the Qurʾān: Abridged Version of Tafhīm al-Qurʾān. Translated & edited by Zafar Ishaq Ansari. 2006. Reprint, Leicester: The Islamic Foundation, 2006.
  • Moore, Jared S. “Beauty As Harmony.” The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 2, no. 7 (1942-1943): 40-50.
  • Murata, Sachiko and William C. Chittick. The Vision of Islam. Minnesota: Paragon House, 1994.
  • Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. The Heart of Islam: Enduring Values for Humanity. New York: HarperCollins, 2002.
  • Nwodo, Christopher S. “Philosophy of Art versus Aesthetics.” British Journal of Aesthetics 24, no. 3 (1984): 195-205.
  • al-Qaraḍāwī, Yūsuf. al-Islām wa-l-fann. Cairo: Maktabat Wahbah, 1995.
  • Quṭb, Sayyid. Fī Ẓilāl al-Qurʾān. 6 vols. 32nd ed. Cairo: Dār al-Shurūq, 2003.
  • Quṭb, Sayyid. In the Shade of the Qurʾān. 18 vols. Translated and edited by Adil Salahi. Leicester: The Islamic Foundation, 2005.
  • Rahman, Fazlur. Islam and Modernity: Transformation of an Intellectual Tradition. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1982.
  • Reid, Louis Arnaud. “Knowledge, Morals, and Aesthetic Education.” Journal of Aesthetic Education 2, no. 3 (1968): 41-54.
  • Richmond, John W. “Reconsidering Aesthetic and Religious Experience: A Companion View.” Journal of Aesthetic Education 33, no. 4 (1999): 29-49.
  • Riḍā, Muḥammad Rashīd. Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ḥakīm: al-mushtahir bi-ism Tafsīr al-Manār. 12 vols. Cairo: Dār al-Manār, 2nd ed., 1947.
  • Rosenthal, Franz. Four Essays on Art and Literature in Islam. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1971.
  • Sarıtoprak, Zeki. “Allah.” In The Qurʼan: An Encyclopedia, edited by Oliver Leaman, 33-41. London: Routledge, 2006.
  • al-Shāmī, Ṣāliḥ Aḥmad. al-Ẓāhirah al-jamāliyyah fī l-Islām. Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islāmī, 1986.
  • al-Shaʿrāwī, Muḥammad Mutawallī. Tafsīr al-Shaʿrāwī. 24 vols. Cairo: Akhbār al-Yawm, 1999.
  • Stolnitz, Jerome. “Beauty: Some Stages in the History of an Idea.” Journal of the History of Ideas 22, no. 2 (April/June 1961): 185-204.
  • Tawfīq, ʿAbbās. “Alfāẓ al-jamāl fī l-Qurʾān al-karīm,” 2-3. https://www.quranicthought.com/wp-content/uploads/post_attachments/5f7a31c3c0a0b.pdf, accessed March 22, 2021.
  • al-Wāḥidī, Abū l-Ḥasan. ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad al-. Asbāb al-nuzūl al-Qurʾān. Edited by Kamāl Basyūnī Zaghlūl. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 1991.
  • Winn, Ralph B. “The Beauty of Nature and Art.” The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 2, no. 5 (1942): 3-13.
  • al-Zabīdī, Abū l- Fayḍ Muḥammad al-Murtaḍá al-Ḥusaynī. Tāj al-ʿarūs min jawāhir al-Qāmūs. Edited by ʿAbd al-Sattār Aḥmad Farrāj, ʿAlī Hilālī, ʿAbd al-ʿAlīm al-Ṭaḥāwī, Muṣṭafá Ḥijāzī, Ḥusayn Qaṣṣār, ʿAbd al-Salām Muḥammad Hārūn, ʿAba al-ʿAzīz Maṭar, ʿAbd al-Karīm al-ʿIzbāwī, Maḥmūd Muḥammad al-Ṭanāḥī. ʿAbd al-Fattāḥ al-Ḥulw, Ibrāhīm al-Tarzī, ʿAbd al-Ṣabūr Shāhīn. Kuwait: Wizārat al-Iʿlām, 1993.
Toplam 54 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Din Araştırmaları
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Iman Al Rujaibi 0000-0002-8420-9471

Yayımlanma Tarihi 22 Kasım 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Şubat 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Al Rujaibi, Iman. “Aesthetic Characteristics in the Qurʾān”. Ilahiyat Studies 13/1 (Kasım 2022), 119-151. https://doi.org/10.12730/13091719.2022.131.235.

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