Japonya’da Yaşlılara Yönelik Sosyal Politikalar

Öz

Japonya’da doğurganlık oranın azalmasından, beklenen yaşam süresinin uzamasından dolayı ülke nüfusu hızlı bir şekilde yaşlanmaktadır. Yaşlanan bu nüfusa yönelik sosyal politikalara da her geçen gün ihtiyaç artarak devam etmektedir. İşte bu çalışmada, Japonya’da yaşlılara yönelik uygulanan sosyal politikalar ele alınmaktadır. Bu sosyal politikalar arasında “kamu emeklilik sigortası”, “bakım sigortası” ve “sağlık sigortası” bulunmaktadır. Söz konusu politikalar; bir taraftan yaşlıların yaşam kalitesini artırırken, diğer taraftan yaşlı nüfusun toplam nüfus içindeki artışına paralel olarak devlet bütçesine yük olmaktadır. Bu nedenle çalışmanın son kısmında Japonya’da yaşlanmanın ekonomik sonuçlarına değinilecektir. Bu bağlamda ele alınan ekonomik sonuçlar ise; gayri safi yurtiçi hâsıla, gayri safi milli tasarruf oranı, emeklilik ve sağlık sistemleridir. .

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Japonya, Sosyal Politika, Kamu Emeklilik, Bakım Sigortası, Sağlık Sigortası

Social Policies for the Elderly in Japan

Abstract

tract Population in Japan is speedly grown old by reason of fact that declining fertility rate and increasing life expectancy. Requirement to social politics intended ageing population are growing day by day. In this article, social politics that put in practise for old people in Japan are discussed. There are “public retirement insurance”, “care insurance” and “health insurance” in these social politics. As raising life quality of old people, on the other hand, these social politics are burden on government budget by reason of fact that increasing ageing population in total population. Therefore, economic consequences of ageing population in Japan are discusses at the end of the article. In this contex, the economic consequences that discussed are grass domestic product, gross national saving rate, retirement and healthcare systems.

Keywords

• Japan, Social Policy, Public Retirement, Care Insurance, Health Insurance

Kaynakça

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