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Kaos, Karmaşıklık ve Girişimcilik: Yeni Bir Paradigma

Yıl 2023, , 255 - 268, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.57116/isletme.1316058

Öz

Kaos, karmaşıklık ve girişimcilik arasında yakın bir ilişki vardır. Aslında, girişimciler genellikle kaos ve karmaşıklığı yönetebilen ve bunları fırsata çevirebilen bireyler olarak kabul edilir. Kaos genellikle öngörülemezlik ve istikrarsızlıkla eş anlamlı olarak görülen ve belirsizlik yaratarak girişimciler için önemli zorluklar doğuran bir kavram olarak ele alınmıştır. Bununla birlikte, girişimciler genellikle karmaşık sorunları çözme ve yeni çözümler bulma zorluğuyla motive olduklarından, kaos kendi içinde yenilik için fırsatlar da barındırır. Girişimcilerin hızla değişen ve belirsiz ortamlardaki fırsatları tanımlayabilmesi ve bunlardan yararlanabilmesi gerektiği için bu süreç kaos ve karmaşıklıkta yön belirleyebilme becerisi gerektirir. Bunu yapabilen girişimciler kaos ve karmaşıklığın hüküm sürdüğü ortamda başarılı olacaktır çünkü bu ortamlar farklılaşma ve değer yaratma için fırsatlar sunar. Birçok başarılı girişimcinin, yüksek düzeyde belirsizlik ve karmaşıklıkla karakterize edilen gelişmekte olan pazarlardan ve sektörlerden çıktığı bir gerçektir. Başarılı girişimciler, büyüme ve başarı için yeni çözümler ve fırsatlar yaratmak için bu zorluklardan yararlanarak kaos ve karmaşıklığın üstesinden gelebilirler. Genel olarak, kaos, karmaşıklık ve girişimcilik arasındaki ilişki karmaşık ve çok yönlüdür. Bu çalışmada, kaos, karmaşıklık ve karmaşık sistemler konuları ele alınmış ve kaos ve karmaşıklığın girişimcilik ile ilişkisi ve girişimciliğin kaos ortamında nasıl başarı ile sonuçlanabileceğine dair literatüre dayalı tartışmalara yer verilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Bouchikhi, H. (1993). A Constructivist Framework for Understanding Entrepreneurship Performance. Organization Studies, 14(4), 549-570.
  • Bygrave, W. (1993). Theory Building in the Entrepreneurship Paradigm. Journal of Business Venturing, 8, 255–280.
  • Etemad, H. (2020). Managing uncertain consequences of a global crisis: SMEs encountering adversities, losses, and new opportunities. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 18(2), 125–144.
  • Fuller, T., & Moran, P. (2001). Small enterprises as complex adaptive systems: a methodological question? Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 13, 47-63.
  • Fuller, T., Warren, L., & Argyle, P. (2007). Sustaining Entrepreneurial Business: A Complexity Perspective on Processes That Produce Emergent Practice. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 4, 1-17.
  • Fuller, T., Warren, L., & Welter, F. (2008). An emergence perspective on entrepreneurship: processes, structure and methodology. The Fourth Organization Studies Summer Workshop: "Embracing Complexity: Advancing Ecological Understanding in Organization Studies", 3-23.
  • Hamel, G. (2000). Leading the Revolution. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
  • Ireland, V., & Gorod, A. (2016). Contribution of Complex Systems to Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Research Journal, 6(1), 1-41.
  • Kirzner, I. (1982). The Theory of Entrepreneurship in Economic Growth. In Encyclopedia of entrepreneurship, D. Sexton ve K. Vesper (Ed.), Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Knight, F. H. (1964). Risk, Uncertainty, and Profit. Kelley, Bookseller, New York.
  • Le Nguyen, H., & Kock, S. (2011). Managing SMEs’ Survival from Financial Crisis in a Transition Economy: A Chaos Theory Approach. Journal of General Management, 37(1), 31–45.
  • Legge, J., & Hindle, K. (1997). Entrepreneurship: How Innovators Create the Future. South Melbourne: Macmillan Education Australia.
  • Lichtenstein, B. (2016). Emergence and Emergents in Entrepreneurship: Complexity Science Insights into New Venture Creation. Entrepreneurship Research Journal, 6(1), 43-52.
  • Lorenz, E. N. (1963). Deterministic Nonperiodic Flow. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 20, 130-141.
  • Luczkiw, E. (2008). Entrepreneurship Education in an Age of Chaos, Complexity and Disruptive Change. In Entrepreneurship and Higher Education, J. Potter (Ed.), (pp. 65-94). OECD Publications.
  • Maguire, S., & McKelvey, B. (1999). Complexity and Management: Moving from Fad to Firm Foundations. Emergence, 1(2), 19-61.
  • Mason, R. B. (2006). Coping with Complexity and Turbulence - An Entrepreneurial Solution. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 14(4), 241-266.
  • McKelvey, B. (2016). Complexity Ingredients Required For Entrepreneurial Success. Entrepreneurship Research Journal, 6(1), 53-73.
  • Morris, M. H., Schindehutte, M., & LaForge, R. W. (2002). Entrepreneurial Marketing: A Construct for Integrating Emerging Entrepreneurship and Marketing Perspectives. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 10(4): 1-16.
  • Öztürk, Z. (2016). Chaos and Complexity Approach in Management. In Handbook of research on chaos and complexity theory in the social sciences, Ş. Erçetin & H. Bağcı (Ed.), (pp. 153-167). IGI Global.
  • Pathak, M. D., Kar, B., & Panda, M. C. (2022). Chaos and complexity: entrepreneurial planning during pandemic. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 12, 1-11.
  • Peterson, M. F., & Meckler, M. R. (2001). Cuban-American Entrepreneurs: Chance, Complexity and Chaos. Organization Studies, 22(1), 31-57.
  • Russell, R., & Faulkner, B. (1999). Movers and shakers: chaos makers in tourism development. Tourism Management, 20, 411-423.
  • Russell, R., & Faulkner, B. (2004). Entrepreneurship, Chaos and The Tourism Area Lifecycle. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(3), 556-579.
  • Peterson, M. F., & Meckler, M. R. (2001). Cuban-American Entrepreneurs: Chance, Complexity and Chaos. Organization Studies, January, 1-25.
  • Schumpeter, J. (1934). The Theory of Economic Development. Harvard University Press., Boston.
  • Smilor, R., & Feeser, H. (1991). Chaos and the Entrepreneurial Process: Patterns and Policy Implications for Technology Entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 6, 165–172.
  • Stevenson, H., & Gumpert, D. (1985). The Heart of Entrepreneurship. Harvard Business Review, 63, 85–94.
  • Stevenson, H., & Harmeling, S. (1990). Entrepreneurial Management’s Need for a More ‘‘Chaotic’’ Theory. Journal of Business Venturing, 5, 1–14.
  • Weaver, K. M., Dickson, P. H., Gibson, B. & Turner, A. (2002). Being Uncertain: The Relationship between Entrepreneurial Orientation and Environmental Uncertainty. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 10(2), 87-105.
  • Yusuf, A. (2002). Environmental Uncertainty, the Entrepreneurial Orientation of Business Ventures and Performance. International Journal of Change Management, 12(3&4), 83-103.
  • Yüksel, M., & Esmer, Y. (2019). İşletme Yönetiminde Kaos Yaklaşımı: Teorik Bir Bakış. Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12(18), 937-952.
  • Zhang, H. (2017). Complexity absorption: a processual strategic approach to corporate entrepreneurship strategy. Frontiers of Business Research in China, 11, 1-20.

Chaos, Complexity and Entrepreneurship: A New Paradigm

Yıl 2023, , 255 - 268, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.57116/isletme.1316058

Öz

There is a close relationship among chaos, complexity and entrepreneurship. In fact, entrepreneurs are often regarded as individuals who can manage chaos and complexity and turn them into opportunities. Chaos is often seen as synonymous with unpredictability and instability, creating uncertainty and significant challenges for entrepreneurs. However, chaos also contains opportunities for innovation, as entrepreneurs are often motivated by the challenge of solving complex problems and finding new solutions. This process requires the ability to navigate chaos and complexity, as entrepreneurs must be able to identify and capitalize on opportunities in rapidly changing and uncertain environments. Entrepreneurs who can do this will thrive in chaos and complexity because these environments offer opportunities for differentiation and value creation. It is a fact that many successful entrepreneurs arise from emerging markets and industries characterized by high levels of uncertainty and complexity. Successful entrepreneurs can overcome chaos and complexity by leveraging these challenges to create new solutions and opportunities for growth and success. Overall, the relationship among chaos, complexity and entrepreneurship is complex and multifaceted. In this study, chaos, complexity and complex systems are discussed and literature-based discussions on the relationship among chaos and complexity and entrepreneurship and how entrepreneurship can result in success in a chaotic environment are included.

Kaynakça

  • Bouchikhi, H. (1993). A Constructivist Framework for Understanding Entrepreneurship Performance. Organization Studies, 14(4), 549-570.
  • Bygrave, W. (1993). Theory Building in the Entrepreneurship Paradigm. Journal of Business Venturing, 8, 255–280.
  • Etemad, H. (2020). Managing uncertain consequences of a global crisis: SMEs encountering adversities, losses, and new opportunities. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 18(2), 125–144.
  • Fuller, T., & Moran, P. (2001). Small enterprises as complex adaptive systems: a methodological question? Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 13, 47-63.
  • Fuller, T., Warren, L., & Argyle, P. (2007). Sustaining Entrepreneurial Business: A Complexity Perspective on Processes That Produce Emergent Practice. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 4, 1-17.
  • Fuller, T., Warren, L., & Welter, F. (2008). An emergence perspective on entrepreneurship: processes, structure and methodology. The Fourth Organization Studies Summer Workshop: "Embracing Complexity: Advancing Ecological Understanding in Organization Studies", 3-23.
  • Hamel, G. (2000). Leading the Revolution. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
  • Ireland, V., & Gorod, A. (2016). Contribution of Complex Systems to Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Research Journal, 6(1), 1-41.
  • Kirzner, I. (1982). The Theory of Entrepreneurship in Economic Growth. In Encyclopedia of entrepreneurship, D. Sexton ve K. Vesper (Ed.), Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Knight, F. H. (1964). Risk, Uncertainty, and Profit. Kelley, Bookseller, New York.
  • Le Nguyen, H., & Kock, S. (2011). Managing SMEs’ Survival from Financial Crisis in a Transition Economy: A Chaos Theory Approach. Journal of General Management, 37(1), 31–45.
  • Legge, J., & Hindle, K. (1997). Entrepreneurship: How Innovators Create the Future. South Melbourne: Macmillan Education Australia.
  • Lichtenstein, B. (2016). Emergence and Emergents in Entrepreneurship: Complexity Science Insights into New Venture Creation. Entrepreneurship Research Journal, 6(1), 43-52.
  • Lorenz, E. N. (1963). Deterministic Nonperiodic Flow. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 20, 130-141.
  • Luczkiw, E. (2008). Entrepreneurship Education in an Age of Chaos, Complexity and Disruptive Change. In Entrepreneurship and Higher Education, J. Potter (Ed.), (pp. 65-94). OECD Publications.
  • Maguire, S., & McKelvey, B. (1999). Complexity and Management: Moving from Fad to Firm Foundations. Emergence, 1(2), 19-61.
  • Mason, R. B. (2006). Coping with Complexity and Turbulence - An Entrepreneurial Solution. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 14(4), 241-266.
  • McKelvey, B. (2016). Complexity Ingredients Required For Entrepreneurial Success. Entrepreneurship Research Journal, 6(1), 53-73.
  • Morris, M. H., Schindehutte, M., & LaForge, R. W. (2002). Entrepreneurial Marketing: A Construct for Integrating Emerging Entrepreneurship and Marketing Perspectives. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 10(4): 1-16.
  • Öztürk, Z. (2016). Chaos and Complexity Approach in Management. In Handbook of research on chaos and complexity theory in the social sciences, Ş. Erçetin & H. Bağcı (Ed.), (pp. 153-167). IGI Global.
  • Pathak, M. D., Kar, B., & Panda, M. C. (2022). Chaos and complexity: entrepreneurial planning during pandemic. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 12, 1-11.
  • Peterson, M. F., & Meckler, M. R. (2001). Cuban-American Entrepreneurs: Chance, Complexity and Chaos. Organization Studies, 22(1), 31-57.
  • Russell, R., & Faulkner, B. (1999). Movers and shakers: chaos makers in tourism development. Tourism Management, 20, 411-423.
  • Russell, R., & Faulkner, B. (2004). Entrepreneurship, Chaos and The Tourism Area Lifecycle. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(3), 556-579.
  • Peterson, M. F., & Meckler, M. R. (2001). Cuban-American Entrepreneurs: Chance, Complexity and Chaos. Organization Studies, January, 1-25.
  • Schumpeter, J. (1934). The Theory of Economic Development. Harvard University Press., Boston.
  • Smilor, R., & Feeser, H. (1991). Chaos and the Entrepreneurial Process: Patterns and Policy Implications for Technology Entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 6, 165–172.
  • Stevenson, H., & Gumpert, D. (1985). The Heart of Entrepreneurship. Harvard Business Review, 63, 85–94.
  • Stevenson, H., & Harmeling, S. (1990). Entrepreneurial Management’s Need for a More ‘‘Chaotic’’ Theory. Journal of Business Venturing, 5, 1–14.
  • Weaver, K. M., Dickson, P. H., Gibson, B. & Turner, A. (2002). Being Uncertain: The Relationship between Entrepreneurial Orientation and Environmental Uncertainty. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 10(2), 87-105.
  • Yusuf, A. (2002). Environmental Uncertainty, the Entrepreneurial Orientation of Business Ventures and Performance. International Journal of Change Management, 12(3&4), 83-103.
  • Yüksel, M., & Esmer, Y. (2019). İşletme Yönetiminde Kaos Yaklaşımı: Teorik Bir Bakış. Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12(18), 937-952.
  • Zhang, H. (2017). Complexity absorption: a processual strategic approach to corporate entrepreneurship strategy. Frontiers of Business Research in China, 11, 1-20.
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İşletme , Strateji, Yönetim ve Örgütsel Davranış (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Turgut Emre Akyazı 0000-0003-2800-7530

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023

Kaynak Göster

APA Akyazı, T. E. (2023). Kaos, Karmaşıklık ve Girişimcilik: Yeni Bir Paradigma. İşletme, 4(2), 255-268. https://doi.org/10.57116/isletme.1316058