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The City, the Poet, and the Administration: A Comparison of Horace’s and Martial’s Image of Rome

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 112 - 134, 30.12.2025

Öz

This article attempts to examine the city administration of ancient Rome through the lens of the literary output of two of Rome's great satirists. This effort stems from the desire to analyze the constantly changing ancient city of Rome not only through archaeological remains but also from the perspective of the social groups and individuals who lived there and experienced the city in various ways. Examining the representation of the city of Rome through the eyes of these two great Roman poets, undertaking a reading of ancient Rome through their references to urban landscapes, determining the constitutive power of urban reality on literary representation, and similarly, revealing the broad relationship between the urban environment and literary texts will enable a wider perspective on the ancient urban spaces and structures of the periods in which these poets lived. To this end, the study focuses on the literary production of the satirical poets Quintus Horatius Flaccus (65 BC – 8 BC) and Marcus Valerius Martialis (AD 40 – c. 102?), who lived in different periods and depicted the Rome of their time. By examining the poetry of Horace and Martial through a comparative method that combines literary analysis with an urban history perspective, the study reveals how ideals of order and moderation in Roman city administration were intertwined with cosmopolitan and chaotic realities. Horace's distant image of Rome, which foregrounds order and moderation, and Martial's insider view, which portrays chaos, diversity, and cosmopolitanism, expose the tension between ideals and reality in the city administration of the ancient metropolis.

Kaynakça

  • Beacham, R. C. (1999). Spectacle Entertainments of Early Imperial Rome. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
  • Beard, M. (2018). SPQR, Antik Roma Tarihi. İ. Sağlamer (Çev.). İstanbul: Pegasus Yayınları.
  • Cary, M. (1937). The Municipal Legislation of Julius Caesar. Journal of Roman Studies, 27(1), 48-53.
  • Edwards, C. (1993). The Politics of Immorality in Ancient Rome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Fagan, G. G. (1999). Bathing in Public in the Roman World. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
  • Farre, B. H. (1977). Is Horace Really an ‘Urbane’ Satirist? L'Antiquité Classique, 46(1), 159-172.
  • Favro, D. (2007). Making Rome a World City. K. Galinsky (Ed.) The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Augustus içinde (s. 234-263). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Fitzgerald, W. (2008). Martial: The World of Epigram. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Fredrick, D. (2002). Architecture and Surveillance in Flavian Rome. A. Boyle & W. J. Dominik (Eds.) Flavian Rome: Culture, Image, Text içinde (s. 199-227). Leiden, Boston: Brill.
  • Garnsey, P. & Saller, R. (1987). The Roman Empire: Economy, Society and Culture. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  • Günther, H. C. (2013). Horace’s Life and Work. H. C. Günther (Ed.) Brill’s Companion to Horace içinde (s. 1-62). Leiden, Boston: Brill.
  • Hartnett, J. (2017). The Roman Street: Urban Life and Society in Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Rome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Heller, J. L. (1932). Burial Customs of the Romans. The Classical Weekly, 25(24), 193-197.
  • Horace (1926). Satires. Epistles. Ars Poetica. H. Rushton Fairclough (Trans.) Loeb Classical Library 194, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Horace (2004). Odes and Epodes. Niall Rudd (Ed. and Trans.) Loeb Classical Library 33. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Horace (2018). The Odes and Carmen Saeculare of Horace. John Conington (Trans.). CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
  • Howell, P. (1980). A Commentary on Book One of the Epigrams of Martial. London: The Athlone Press.
  • Livy (1922). History of Rome, Volume II: Books 3-4. B. O. Foster (Trans.). Loeb Classical Library 133. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Lott, J. B. (2004). The Neighborhoods of Augustan Rome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Martialis, M. V. (2005). Epigramlar. G. Varınlıoğlu (Çev.). İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Morley, N. (1996). Metropolis and Hinterland: The City of Rome and the Italian Economy, 200 BC - AD 200. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Mouritsen, H. (1997). Mobility and social change in Italian towns during the principate. H. M. Parkins (Ed.) Roman Urbanism: Beyond the Consumer City içinde (s. 57-80). London: Routledge.
  • Nisbet, R. G. M. & Hubbard, M. (1970). A Commentary on Horrace: Odes Book I. London: Oxford University Press.
  • Propertius (1990). Elegies. G. P. Goold (Ed. and Trans.). Loeb Classical Library 18. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Richardson, L. (1992). A New Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome. Baltimore and London: The John Hopkins University Press.
  • Rimell, V. (2008). Martial's Rome: Empire and the Ideology of Epigram. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Robinson, O. F. (1992). Ancient Rome: City Planning and Administration. London: Routledge.
  • Saller, R. P. (1994). Patriarchy, Property and Death in the Roman Family. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Sauron, G. (1987). Discours symbolique et aménagement de l'espace: L'exemple du Champ de Mars à Rome. Revue des Études Latines (REL), 65, 89-113.
  • Scobie, A. (1986). Slums, Sanitation, and Mortality in the Roman World. Klio, 68(2), 399-433.
  • Strabo (1903). The Geography of Strabo. London: George Bell & Sons.
  • Sullivan, J. P. (2009). Martial’s Life and Times. J. P. Sullivan (Ed.) Martial: The Unexpected Classics içinde (s. 1-55). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Vasaly, A. (1993). Representations: Images of the World in Ciceronian Oratory. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  • Virgil (1916). Eclogues. Georgics. Aeneid: Books 1-6. H. Rushton Fairclough (Trans.). Loeb Classical Library 63. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Wallace-Hadrill, A. (2022). Ancient Ideals and Modern Interpretations. S. Greaves & A. Wallace-Hadrill (Eds.) Rome and the Colonial City: Rethinking the Grid içinde (s.41-60). Oxford: Oxbow Books.
  • Ward-Perkins, J. B. (1981). Roman Imperial Architecture. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
  • Witke, C. (1983). Horace's Roman Odes: a Critical Examination. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
  • Zanker, P. (1988). The Power of Images in the Age of Augustus. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 112 - 134, 30.12.2025

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Beacham, R. C. (1999). Spectacle Entertainments of Early Imperial Rome. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
  • Beard, M. (2018). SPQR, Antik Roma Tarihi. İ. Sağlamer (Çev.). İstanbul: Pegasus Yayınları.
  • Cary, M. (1937). The Municipal Legislation of Julius Caesar. Journal of Roman Studies, 27(1), 48-53.
  • Edwards, C. (1993). The Politics of Immorality in Ancient Rome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Fagan, G. G. (1999). Bathing in Public in the Roman World. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
  • Farre, B. H. (1977). Is Horace Really an ‘Urbane’ Satirist? L'Antiquité Classique, 46(1), 159-172.
  • Favro, D. (2007). Making Rome a World City. K. Galinsky (Ed.) The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Augustus içinde (s. 234-263). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Fitzgerald, W. (2008). Martial: The World of Epigram. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Fredrick, D. (2002). Architecture and Surveillance in Flavian Rome. A. Boyle & W. J. Dominik (Eds.) Flavian Rome: Culture, Image, Text içinde (s. 199-227). Leiden, Boston: Brill.
  • Garnsey, P. & Saller, R. (1987). The Roman Empire: Economy, Society and Culture. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  • Günther, H. C. (2013). Horace’s Life and Work. H. C. Günther (Ed.) Brill’s Companion to Horace içinde (s. 1-62). Leiden, Boston: Brill.
  • Hartnett, J. (2017). The Roman Street: Urban Life and Society in Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Rome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Heller, J. L. (1932). Burial Customs of the Romans. The Classical Weekly, 25(24), 193-197.
  • Horace (1926). Satires. Epistles. Ars Poetica. H. Rushton Fairclough (Trans.) Loeb Classical Library 194, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Horace (2004). Odes and Epodes. Niall Rudd (Ed. and Trans.) Loeb Classical Library 33. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Horace (2018). The Odes and Carmen Saeculare of Horace. John Conington (Trans.). CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
  • Howell, P. (1980). A Commentary on Book One of the Epigrams of Martial. London: The Athlone Press.
  • Livy (1922). History of Rome, Volume II: Books 3-4. B. O. Foster (Trans.). Loeb Classical Library 133. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Lott, J. B. (2004). The Neighborhoods of Augustan Rome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Martialis, M. V. (2005). Epigramlar. G. Varınlıoğlu (Çev.). İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Morley, N. (1996). Metropolis and Hinterland: The City of Rome and the Italian Economy, 200 BC - AD 200. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Mouritsen, H. (1997). Mobility and social change in Italian towns during the principate. H. M. Parkins (Ed.) Roman Urbanism: Beyond the Consumer City içinde (s. 57-80). London: Routledge.
  • Nisbet, R. G. M. & Hubbard, M. (1970). A Commentary on Horrace: Odes Book I. London: Oxford University Press.
  • Propertius (1990). Elegies. G. P. Goold (Ed. and Trans.). Loeb Classical Library 18. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Richardson, L. (1992). A New Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome. Baltimore and London: The John Hopkins University Press.
  • Rimell, V. (2008). Martial's Rome: Empire and the Ideology of Epigram. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Robinson, O. F. (1992). Ancient Rome: City Planning and Administration. London: Routledge.
  • Saller, R. P. (1994). Patriarchy, Property and Death in the Roman Family. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Sauron, G. (1987). Discours symbolique et aménagement de l'espace: L'exemple du Champ de Mars à Rome. Revue des Études Latines (REL), 65, 89-113.
  • Scobie, A. (1986). Slums, Sanitation, and Mortality in the Roman World. Klio, 68(2), 399-433.
  • Strabo (1903). The Geography of Strabo. London: George Bell & Sons.
  • Sullivan, J. P. (2009). Martial’s Life and Times. J. P. Sullivan (Ed.) Martial: The Unexpected Classics içinde (s. 1-55). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Vasaly, A. (1993). Representations: Images of the World in Ciceronian Oratory. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  • Virgil (1916). Eclogues. Georgics. Aeneid: Books 1-6. H. Rushton Fairclough (Trans.). Loeb Classical Library 63. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Wallace-Hadrill, A. (2022). Ancient Ideals and Modern Interpretations. S. Greaves & A. Wallace-Hadrill (Eds.) Rome and the Colonial City: Rethinking the Grid içinde (s.41-60). Oxford: Oxbow Books.
  • Ward-Perkins, J. B. (1981). Roman Imperial Architecture. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
  • Witke, C. (1983). Horace's Roman Odes: a Critical Examination. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
  • Zanker, P. (1988). The Power of Images in the Age of Augustus. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 112 - 134, 30.12.2025

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Beacham, R. C. (1999). Spectacle Entertainments of Early Imperial Rome. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
  • Beard, M. (2018). SPQR, Antik Roma Tarihi. İ. Sağlamer (Çev.). İstanbul: Pegasus Yayınları.
  • Cary, M. (1937). The Municipal Legislation of Julius Caesar. Journal of Roman Studies, 27(1), 48-53.
  • Edwards, C. (1993). The Politics of Immorality in Ancient Rome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Fagan, G. G. (1999). Bathing in Public in the Roman World. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
  • Farre, B. H. (1977). Is Horace Really an ‘Urbane’ Satirist? L'Antiquité Classique, 46(1), 159-172.
  • Favro, D. (2007). Making Rome a World City. K. Galinsky (Ed.) The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Augustus içinde (s. 234-263). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Fitzgerald, W. (2008). Martial: The World of Epigram. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Fredrick, D. (2002). Architecture and Surveillance in Flavian Rome. A. Boyle & W. J. Dominik (Eds.) Flavian Rome: Culture, Image, Text içinde (s. 199-227). Leiden, Boston: Brill.
  • Garnsey, P. & Saller, R. (1987). The Roman Empire: Economy, Society and Culture. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  • Günther, H. C. (2013). Horace’s Life and Work. H. C. Günther (Ed.) Brill’s Companion to Horace içinde (s. 1-62). Leiden, Boston: Brill.
  • Hartnett, J. (2017). The Roman Street: Urban Life and Society in Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Rome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Heller, J. L. (1932). Burial Customs of the Romans. The Classical Weekly, 25(24), 193-197.
  • Horace (1926). Satires. Epistles. Ars Poetica. H. Rushton Fairclough (Trans.) Loeb Classical Library 194, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Horace (2004). Odes and Epodes. Niall Rudd (Ed. and Trans.) Loeb Classical Library 33. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Horace (2018). The Odes and Carmen Saeculare of Horace. John Conington (Trans.). CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
  • Howell, P. (1980). A Commentary on Book One of the Epigrams of Martial. London: The Athlone Press.
  • Livy (1922). History of Rome, Volume II: Books 3-4. B. O. Foster (Trans.). Loeb Classical Library 133. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Lott, J. B. (2004). The Neighborhoods of Augustan Rome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Martialis, M. V. (2005). Epigramlar. G. Varınlıoğlu (Çev.). İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Morley, N. (1996). Metropolis and Hinterland: The City of Rome and the Italian Economy, 200 BC - AD 200. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Mouritsen, H. (1997). Mobility and social change in Italian towns during the principate. H. M. Parkins (Ed.) Roman Urbanism: Beyond the Consumer City içinde (s. 57-80). London: Routledge.
  • Nisbet, R. G. M. & Hubbard, M. (1970). A Commentary on Horrace: Odes Book I. London: Oxford University Press.
  • Propertius (1990). Elegies. G. P. Goold (Ed. and Trans.). Loeb Classical Library 18. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Richardson, L. (1992). A New Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome. Baltimore and London: The John Hopkins University Press.
  • Rimell, V. (2008). Martial's Rome: Empire and the Ideology of Epigram. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Robinson, O. F. (1992). Ancient Rome: City Planning and Administration. London: Routledge.
  • Saller, R. P. (1994). Patriarchy, Property and Death in the Roman Family. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Sauron, G. (1987). Discours symbolique et aménagement de l'espace: L'exemple du Champ de Mars à Rome. Revue des Études Latines (REL), 65, 89-113.
  • Scobie, A. (1986). Slums, Sanitation, and Mortality in the Roman World. Klio, 68(2), 399-433.
  • Strabo (1903). The Geography of Strabo. London: George Bell & Sons.
  • Sullivan, J. P. (2009). Martial’s Life and Times. J. P. Sullivan (Ed.) Martial: The Unexpected Classics içinde (s. 1-55). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Vasaly, A. (1993). Representations: Images of the World in Ciceronian Oratory. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  • Virgil (1916). Eclogues. Georgics. Aeneid: Books 1-6. H. Rushton Fairclough (Trans.). Loeb Classical Library 63. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Wallace-Hadrill, A. (2022). Ancient Ideals and Modern Interpretations. S. Greaves & A. Wallace-Hadrill (Eds.) Rome and the Colonial City: Rethinking the Grid içinde (s.41-60). Oxford: Oxbow Books.
  • Ward-Perkins, J. B. (1981). Roman Imperial Architecture. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
  • Witke, C. (1983). Horace's Roman Odes: a Critical Examination. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
  • Zanker, P. (1988). The Power of Images in the Age of Augustus. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 112 - 134, 30.12.2025

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Beacham, R. C. (1999). Spectacle Entertainments of Early Imperial Rome. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
  • Beard, M. (2018). SPQR, Antik Roma Tarihi. İ. Sağlamer (Çev.). İstanbul: Pegasus Yayınları.
  • Cary, M. (1937). The Municipal Legislation of Julius Caesar. Journal of Roman Studies, 27(1), 48-53.
  • Edwards, C. (1993). The Politics of Immorality in Ancient Rome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Fagan, G. G. (1999). Bathing in Public in the Roman World. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
  • Farre, B. H. (1977). Is Horace Really an ‘Urbane’ Satirist? L'Antiquité Classique, 46(1), 159-172.
  • Favro, D. (2007). Making Rome a World City. K. Galinsky (Ed.) The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Augustus içinde (s. 234-263). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Fitzgerald, W. (2008). Martial: The World of Epigram. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Fredrick, D. (2002). Architecture and Surveillance in Flavian Rome. A. Boyle & W. J. Dominik (Eds.) Flavian Rome: Culture, Image, Text içinde (s. 199-227). Leiden, Boston: Brill.
  • Garnsey, P. & Saller, R. (1987). The Roman Empire: Economy, Society and Culture. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  • Günther, H. C. (2013). Horace’s Life and Work. H. C. Günther (Ed.) Brill’s Companion to Horace içinde (s. 1-62). Leiden, Boston: Brill.
  • Hartnett, J. (2017). The Roman Street: Urban Life and Society in Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Rome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Heller, J. L. (1932). Burial Customs of the Romans. The Classical Weekly, 25(24), 193-197.
  • Horace (1926). Satires. Epistles. Ars Poetica. H. Rushton Fairclough (Trans.) Loeb Classical Library 194, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Horace (2004). Odes and Epodes. Niall Rudd (Ed. and Trans.) Loeb Classical Library 33. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Horace (2018). The Odes and Carmen Saeculare of Horace. John Conington (Trans.). CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
  • Howell, P. (1980). A Commentary on Book One of the Epigrams of Martial. London: The Athlone Press.
  • Livy (1922). History of Rome, Volume II: Books 3-4. B. O. Foster (Trans.). Loeb Classical Library 133. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Lott, J. B. (2004). The Neighborhoods of Augustan Rome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Martialis, M. V. (2005). Epigramlar. G. Varınlıoğlu (Çev.). İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Morley, N. (1996). Metropolis and Hinterland: The City of Rome and the Italian Economy, 200 BC - AD 200. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Mouritsen, H. (1997). Mobility and social change in Italian towns during the principate. H. M. Parkins (Ed.) Roman Urbanism: Beyond the Consumer City içinde (s. 57-80). London: Routledge.
  • Nisbet, R. G. M. & Hubbard, M. (1970). A Commentary on Horrace: Odes Book I. London: Oxford University Press.
  • Propertius (1990). Elegies. G. P. Goold (Ed. and Trans.). Loeb Classical Library 18. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Richardson, L. (1992). A New Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome. Baltimore and London: The John Hopkins University Press.
  • Rimell, V. (2008). Martial's Rome: Empire and the Ideology of Epigram. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Robinson, O. F. (1992). Ancient Rome: City Planning and Administration. London: Routledge.
  • Saller, R. P. (1994). Patriarchy, Property and Death in the Roman Family. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Sauron, G. (1987). Discours symbolique et aménagement de l'espace: L'exemple du Champ de Mars à Rome. Revue des Études Latines (REL), 65, 89-113.
  • Scobie, A. (1986). Slums, Sanitation, and Mortality in the Roman World. Klio, 68(2), 399-433.
  • Strabo (1903). The Geography of Strabo. London: George Bell & Sons.
  • Sullivan, J. P. (2009). Martial’s Life and Times. J. P. Sullivan (Ed.) Martial: The Unexpected Classics içinde (s. 1-55). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Vasaly, A. (1993). Representations: Images of the World in Ciceronian Oratory. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  • Virgil (1916). Eclogues. Georgics. Aeneid: Books 1-6. H. Rushton Fairclough (Trans.). Loeb Classical Library 63. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Wallace-Hadrill, A. (2022). Ancient Ideals and Modern Interpretations. S. Greaves & A. Wallace-Hadrill (Eds.) Rome and the Colonial City: Rethinking the Grid içinde (s.41-60). Oxford: Oxbow Books.
  • Ward-Perkins, J. B. (1981). Roman Imperial Architecture. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
  • Witke, C. (1983). Horace's Roman Odes: a Critical Examination. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
  • Zanker, P. (1988). The Power of Images in the Age of Augustus. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 112 - 134, 30.12.2025

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Beacham, R. C. (1999). Spectacle Entertainments of Early Imperial Rome. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
  • Beard, M. (2018). SPQR, Antik Roma Tarihi. İ. Sağlamer (Çev.). İstanbul: Pegasus Yayınları.
  • Cary, M. (1937). The Municipal Legislation of Julius Caesar. Journal of Roman Studies, 27(1), 48-53.
  • Edwards, C. (1993). The Politics of Immorality in Ancient Rome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Fagan, G. G. (1999). Bathing in Public in the Roman World. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
  • Farre, B. H. (1977). Is Horace Really an ‘Urbane’ Satirist? L'Antiquité Classique, 46(1), 159-172.
  • Favro, D. (2007). Making Rome a World City. K. Galinsky (Ed.) The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Augustus içinde (s. 234-263). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Fitzgerald, W. (2008). Martial: The World of Epigram. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Fredrick, D. (2002). Architecture and Surveillance in Flavian Rome. A. Boyle & W. J. Dominik (Eds.) Flavian Rome: Culture, Image, Text içinde (s. 199-227). Leiden, Boston: Brill.
  • Garnsey, P. & Saller, R. (1987). The Roman Empire: Economy, Society and Culture. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  • Günther, H. C. (2013). Horace’s Life and Work. H. C. Günther (Ed.) Brill’s Companion to Horace içinde (s. 1-62). Leiden, Boston: Brill.
  • Hartnett, J. (2017). The Roman Street: Urban Life and Society in Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Rome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Heller, J. L. (1932). Burial Customs of the Romans. The Classical Weekly, 25(24), 193-197.
  • Horace (1926). Satires. Epistles. Ars Poetica. H. Rushton Fairclough (Trans.) Loeb Classical Library 194, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Horace (2004). Odes and Epodes. Niall Rudd (Ed. and Trans.) Loeb Classical Library 33. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Horace (2018). The Odes and Carmen Saeculare of Horace. John Conington (Trans.). CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
  • Howell, P. (1980). A Commentary on Book One of the Epigrams of Martial. London: The Athlone Press.
  • Livy (1922). History of Rome, Volume II: Books 3-4. B. O. Foster (Trans.). Loeb Classical Library 133. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Lott, J. B. (2004). The Neighborhoods of Augustan Rome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Martialis, M. V. (2005). Epigramlar. G. Varınlıoğlu (Çev.). İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Morley, N. (1996). Metropolis and Hinterland: The City of Rome and the Italian Economy, 200 BC - AD 200. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Mouritsen, H. (1997). Mobility and social change in Italian towns during the principate. H. M. Parkins (Ed.) Roman Urbanism: Beyond the Consumer City içinde (s. 57-80). London: Routledge.
  • Nisbet, R. G. M. & Hubbard, M. (1970). A Commentary on Horrace: Odes Book I. London: Oxford University Press.
  • Propertius (1990). Elegies. G. P. Goold (Ed. and Trans.). Loeb Classical Library 18. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Richardson, L. (1992). A New Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome. Baltimore and London: The John Hopkins University Press.
  • Rimell, V. (2008). Martial's Rome: Empire and the Ideology of Epigram. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Robinson, O. F. (1992). Ancient Rome: City Planning and Administration. London: Routledge.
  • Saller, R. P. (1994). Patriarchy, Property and Death in the Roman Family. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Sauron, G. (1987). Discours symbolique et aménagement de l'espace: L'exemple du Champ de Mars à Rome. Revue des Études Latines (REL), 65, 89-113.
  • Scobie, A. (1986). Slums, Sanitation, and Mortality in the Roman World. Klio, 68(2), 399-433.
  • Strabo (1903). The Geography of Strabo. London: George Bell & Sons.
  • Sullivan, J. P. (2009). Martial’s Life and Times. J. P. Sullivan (Ed.) Martial: The Unexpected Classics içinde (s. 1-55). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Vasaly, A. (1993). Representations: Images of the World in Ciceronian Oratory. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  • Virgil (1916). Eclogues. Georgics. Aeneid: Books 1-6. H. Rushton Fairclough (Trans.). Loeb Classical Library 63. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Wallace-Hadrill, A. (2022). Ancient Ideals and Modern Interpretations. S. Greaves & A. Wallace-Hadrill (Eds.) Rome and the Colonial City: Rethinking the Grid içinde (s.41-60). Oxford: Oxbow Books.
  • Ward-Perkins, J. B. (1981). Roman Imperial Architecture. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
  • Witke, C. (1983). Horace's Roman Odes: a Critical Examination. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
  • Zanker, P. (1988). The Power of Images in the Age of Augustus. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.

ŞEHİR, ŞAİR VE YÖNETİM: HORATİUS VE MARTİALİS’İN ROMA İMGESİ ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTRIMA

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 112 - 134, 30.12.2025

Öz

Bu makale antik Roma'nın şehir yönetimine, Roma’nın iki büyük hicivcisinin edebi üretimlerinin yönleri aracılığıyla bakma çabasıdır. Bu çaba, durmadan değişen antik Roma şehrini yalnızca arkeolojik kalıntılar aracılığıyla değil, aynı zamanda orada yaşayan ve şehri farklı şekillerde deneyimleyen sosyal grupların ve bireylerin bakış açısıyla incelemeye çalışmaktan ileri gelmektedir. Bu iki büyük Roma şairinin gözünden Roma şehrinin temsilini incelemek, onların kentsel peyzajlara yaptığı göndermeler üzerinden bir antik Roma şehri okuması yapmak, kentsel gerçekliğin edebi temsil üzerindeki belirleyici gücünü tespit etmek, aynı şekilde kentsel çevre ile edebi metinlerin arasındaki geniş ilişkiyi ortaya koymak, bu şairlerin yaşadıkları dönemlerdeki antik kentsel mekân ve yapılara daha geniş bir perspektiften bakmayı sağlayacaktır. Bu amaçla çalışma ayrı dönemlerde yaşamış ve yaşadıkları Roma’yı tasvir etmiş hiciv şairleri olan Quintus Horatius Flaccus (M.Ö. 65- M.Ö. 8) ve Marcus Valerius Martialis (40-102?)’in edebi üretimlerine odaklanmaktadır. Horatius ve Martialis’in şiirlerini edebî analiz ile kentsel tarih perspektifini birleştiren karşılaştırmalı bir yöntemle inceleyerek, Roma’nın şehir yönetiminde düzen–ölçülülük idealleri ile kozmopolit ve kaotik gerçekliklerin iç içe geçtiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Horatius’un düzen ve ölçülülüğü öne çıkaran mesafeli Roma tasavvuru ile Martialis’in karmaşayı, çeşitliliği ve kozmopolitliği resmeden içerden bakışı, antik kentin şehir yönetiminde idealler ile gerçeklik arasındaki gerilimi gözler önüne sermektedir.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma için etik kurul iznine gerek yoktur. Yazar, kendisi ve / veya diğer üçüncü kişi ve kurumlarla çıkar çatışmasının olmadığını beyan eder.

Kaynakça

  • Beacham, R. C. (1999). Spectacle Entertainments of Early Imperial Rome. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
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  • Edwards, C. (1993). The Politics of Immorality in Ancient Rome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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  • Farre, B. H. (1977). Is Horace Really an ‘Urbane’ Satirist? L'Antiquité Classique, 46(1), 159-172.
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  • Fredrick, D. (2002). Architecture and Surveillance in Flavian Rome. A. Boyle & W. J. Dominik (Eds.) Flavian Rome: Culture, Image, Text içinde (s. 199-227). Leiden, Boston: Brill.
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  • Horace (2004). Odes and Epodes. Niall Rudd (Ed. and Trans.) Loeb Classical Library 33. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
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  • Robinson, O. F. (1992). Ancient Rome: City Planning and Administration. London: Routledge.
  • Saller, R. P. (1994). Patriarchy, Property and Death in the Roman Family. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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  • Vasaly, A. (1993). Representations: Images of the World in Ciceronian Oratory. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  • Virgil (1916). Eclogues. Georgics. Aeneid: Books 1-6. H. Rushton Fairclough (Trans.). Loeb Classical Library 63. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Wallace-Hadrill, A. (2022). Ancient Ideals and Modern Interpretations. S. Greaves & A. Wallace-Hadrill (Eds.) Rome and the Colonial City: Rethinking the Grid içinde (s.41-60). Oxford: Oxbow Books.
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  • Zanker, P. (1988). The Power of Images in the Age of Augustus. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Kamu Yönetimi, Siyaset Bilimi (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Turgay Ovalı 0000-0001-9782-4548

Gönderilme Tarihi 5 Ekim 2025
Kabul Tarihi 14 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Ovalı, T. (2025). ŞEHİR, ŞAİR VE YÖNETİM: HORATİUS VE MARTİALİS’İN ROMA İMGESİ ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTRIMA. Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(2), 112-134.