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Countries’ responses to Covid-19 pandemic in K-12 education: Toward a digital education in mathematics

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 450 - 478, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.47615/issej.1147274

Öz

The aim of this study is to describe countries' responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in K-12 education, with a particular focus on mathematics education. The cases in three countries (China, The United Kingdom, and Turkey, listed alphabetically) are described and then compared with each other. The findings showed that all three of the countries had intensive measures in education, all have a tendency to move a digital education including mathematics Education. While two of the countries took measures in health and education together, the other one presented the measures in education separate from the health measures. Hence, we found that despite the varied educational measures, and whether they are together with health or not, all of the countries in this study seem to work hard to provide students with the necessary education.

Kaynakça

  • Ali, W., & Kaur, M. (2020). Mediating educational challenges amidst COVID-19 pandemic. Asia Pacific Institute of Advanced Research (APJCECT) 6(2), 40-57. https://apiar.org.au/journal-paper/mediating-educational-challenges-amidst-covid-19-pandemic/
  • Bayrakdar, S. & Guveli, A. (2020). Inequalities in home learning and schools’ provision of distance teaching during school closure of COVID-19 lockdown in the UK. Economic and Social Research Council.
  • BBC. (2020). Coronavirus: UK schools, colleges, and nurseries to close from Friday. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-51952314 Bolt, B. (1991). Mathematics Meets Technology. Cambridge University Press.
  • Brown, A. (2020). Life as a teacher during the lockdown. https://teaching.blog.gov.uk/2020/06/02/life-as-a-teacher-during-lockdown/
  • Burgess, S. & Sievertsen H. H. (2020). Schools, skills, and learning: The impact of COVID-19 on education. VOX, CEPR Policy Portal. https://voxeu.org
  • Busby, E. (2020). Schools in Scotland and Wales are set to shut this week over coronavirus. Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/coronavirus-schools-shut-wales-scotland-boris-johnson-latest-a9409041.html
  • Ching, G. S., & Roberts, A. (2020). Evaluating the pedagogy of technology integrated teaching and learning: An overview. International Journal of Research, 9(6), 37-50. https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrse.2020.5800
  • East Asia and Pacific Education Team. (2020). Response to COVID-19: Preparing for School Re-Opening – The Case of China (English). Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/743891587996521873/Response-to-COVID-19-Preparing-for-School-Re-Opening-The-Case-of-China
  • Guangming Daily. (April 21, 2020). Disrupted Class, Undisrupted Learning: Lessons from China. https://news.gmw.cn/2020-04/21/content_33755332.htm
  • Hodgen, J., Taylor, B., Jacques, L., Tereshchenko, A., Kwok, R., & Cockerill, M. (2020). Remote mathematics teaching during COVID-19: Intentions, practices, and equity. https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10110311/
  • MoNE [Ministry of National Education in Turkey]. (2021). Eğitim Bilişim Ağı (EBA) tanıtım kılavuzu. [EBA digital education platform introduction guide]. https://luleburgazmesem.meb.k12.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/39/05/251085/dosyalar/2021_01/21234953_EBA_KULLANIM_KILAVUZU.pdf
  • MoNE [Ministry of National Education in Turkey]. (2020a). Uzaktan eğitim için uydu frekans ve yayin platformlari bilgileri. [Satellite frequency and broadcasting platforms information for distance education]. http://www.meb.gov.tr/uzaktan-egitim-icin-uydu-frekans-ve-yayin-platformlari-bilgileri/haber/20565/tr
  • MoNE [Ministry of National Education in Turkey]. (2020b). EBA içeriklerine ücretsiz erişim, Turkcell ve Vodafone’da 6 GB’a, Türk Telekom’da 8 GB’a yükseldi! [Free access to EBA content increased to 6 GB in Turkcell and Vodafone, and 8 GB in Türk Telekom!]. https://www.eba.gov.tr/3gb
  • MoNE [Ministry of National Education in Turkey]. (2020c). Uzaktan eğitim 31 mayısa kadar devam edecek. [Distance education will continue until 31st of May]. http://www.meb.gov.tr/uzaktan-egitim-31-mayisa-kadar-devam-edecek/haber/20803/tr
  • MoNE [Ministry of National Education in Turkey]. (2020d). Uzaktan eğitim Bakan Selçuk’un verdiği dersle başladı. [Distance education started with the lesson on Education Minister Selçuk]. http://www.meb.gov.tr/uzaktan-egitim-bakan-selcukun-verdigi-dersle-basladi/haber/20578/tr
  • MoNE [Ministry of National Education in Turkey]. (2020e). 18 Eylül’e kadar sürecek uzaktan eğitim döneminin yol haritası. [Road map of distance education which will continue until 18th of September]. https://www.meb.gov.tr/18-eylule-kadar-surecek-uzaktan-egitim-doneminin-yol-haritasi/haber/21499/tr
  • MoNE [Ministry of National Education in Turkey]. (2020f). Çocuklar için psikoeğitsel etkinlikler. [Psychoeducational activities for children]. https://orgm.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2020_05/02012900_cocuk_kitabi2.pdf
  • MoNE [Ministry of National Education in Turkey]. (2020g). Yetişkinler için broşür. [Brochure for adults]. https://orgm.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2020_03/21161617_brosur_ yetiskin_son.pdf
  • MoNE [Ministry of National Education in Turkey]. (2020h). Çocuklar için broşür. [Brochure for children]. https://orgm.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2020_03/21161548_brosur_ cocuk_son.pdf
  • MoNE [Ministry of National Education in Turkey]. (2021a). EBA Eğitim Bilişim Ağı. [EBA digital education platform]. http://eba.gov.tr/
  • MoNE [Ministry of National Education in Turkey]. (2021b). Uzaktan eğitim sürecinde destek alternatiflerimizle tüm öğrencilerimizin yanındayız. [We are with all our students with our support alternatives in the distance education process]. http://www.meb.gov.tr/uzaktan-egitim-surecinde-destek-alternatiflerimizle-tum-ogrencilerimizin-yanindayiz/haber/22355/tr
  • MoNE [Ministry of National Education in Turkey]. (2021c). Edusimsteam Project. MoNE: Ankara, Turkey. http://edusimsteam.eba.gov.tr/?page_id=95&lang=en
  • MoNE [Ministry of National Education in Turkey]. (2021d). Scientix Project. MoNE: Ankara, Turkey. https://scientix.eba.gov.tr/
  • Saralar-Aras, İ. & Gunes, H. (2022). Preservice primary and maths teachers’ readiness for distance education. Educational Technology: Theory and Practice, 12(1), 195-220. https://doi.org/10.17943/etku.992514
  • Sarı, M. H., & Keser, H. (2021). Classroom teachers' online teaching experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic: The perspective of technological pedagogical content knowledge. Journal of Pedagogical Research, 5(4), 251-269. https://doi.org/10.33902/JPR.2021474706
  • Sarı, M. H. & Saralar-Aras, İ. (2022). A case study on online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic perceived by primary school teachers. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 9(2), 161-170. https://dx.doi.org/10.52380/ijpe s.2022.9.2.705
  • Schleicher, A. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on education - insights from education at a glance 2020. https://www.oecd.org/education/the-impact-of-covid-19-on-education-insights-education-at-a-glance-2020.pdf
  • Sibieta, L., & Cottell, J. (2020). Education policy responses across the United Kingdom to the pandemic. Education Policy Institute; Nuffield Foundation. https://epi.org.uk/research-area/covid-19-education/
  • Sparrow, A., & Campbell, L. (2020). All schools to close from Friday; GCSE and A-level exams cancelled – UK Covid-19, as it happened. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/politics/live/2020/mar/18/uk-coronavirus-live-boris-johnson-pmqs-cbi-urges-government-pay-businesses-directly-saying-350bn-loangrant-package-not-enough
  • Spoel, I.V., Noroozi, O., Schuurink, E., & Ginkel, S. (2020). Teachers’ online teaching expectations and experiences during the Covid19- pandemic in the Netherlands. European Journal of Teacher Education, 43(4), 623-638, https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2020.1821185
  • Sykes, D. (2020). Online education during a pandemic: Teaching and learning in home spaces. Literacies and Language Education: Research and Practice, Special Issue, 86-88. https://kuis.kandagaigo.ac.jp
  • The Department for Education. (2020a). Supporting your children’s remote education during coronavirus (Covid-19). https://www.gov.uk/guidance/supporting-your-childrens-education-during-coronavirus-covid-19?priority-taxon=b350e61d-1db9-4cc2-bb44-fab02882ac25#what-you-should-expect-for-your-childs-remote-education
  • The Department for Education. (2020b). Information, guidance and support for teachers and leaders on educating pupils and students who are remote learning during coronavirus (COVID-19). https://get-help-with-remote-education.education.gov.uk/
  • The Department for Education. (2021a). What parents and carers need to know about early years providers, schools and colleges. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/what-parents-and-carers-need-to-know-about-early-years-providers-schools-and-colleges-during-the-coronavirus-covid-19-outbreak/step-4-update-what-parents-and-carers-need-to-know-about-early-years-providers-schools-and-colleges
  • The Department for Education. (2021b). Guidance: Remote education good practice. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/remote-education-good-practice/remote-education-good-practice
  • The Ministry of Education. (2020a). Coping COVID-19 Outbreak for 2020: Session of the National ordinary institutions of higher learning graduates employment entrepreneurship work notice (No. 2). China: MoE.
  • The Ministry of Education. (2020b). Notice for Schools at All Levels to Delay the Start of the School Year. China: MoE.
  • The Ministry of Education. (2020c). Suspending classes without stopping learning: China’s education emergency management policy in the COVID-19 outbreak. http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/gzdt_gzdt/s5987/202001/t20200129_416993.html
  • The Ministry of Health. (2021). COVID-19 Principal, teacher, parent, and student information guide. https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/TR-71456/rehberler.html
  • The UK Government. (2021). Part of Coronavirus (COVID-19): Education, universities and childcare. https://www.gov.uk/coronavirus/education-and-childcare
  • United Nations Children’s Fund and International Telecommunication Union (UNICEF). (2020a). Education and COVID-19: Monitoring the situation of children and women. https://data.unicef.org/topic/education/covid-19/
  • United Nations Children’s Fund and International Telecommunication Union (UNICEF) (2020b). How many children and young people have internet access at home? Estimating digital connectivity during the COVID-19 pandemic. https://www.unicef.org/reports/how-many-children-and-young-people-have-internet-access-home-2020
  • United Nations Children’s Fund and International Telecommunication Union (UNICEF) (2020c). COVID-19: Are children able to continue learning during school closures? https://data.unicef.org/resources/remote-learning-reachability-factsheet/
  • World Health Organization (WHO) (2020). Naming the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the virus that causes it. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it
  • Xie, Z., Xiao, L., Hou, M., Liu, X., & Liu, J. (2021). Micro classes as a primary school–level mathematics education response to COVID-19 pandemic in China: students’ degree of approval and perception of digital equity. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 108(1), 65-85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-021-10111-7
  • Xue, E., Li, J., Li, T., & Shang, W. (2020). China’s education response to COVID-19: A perspective of policy analysis, Educational Philosophy and Theory [Online]. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2020.1793653 Yu, J. (2020). Covid-19 and the challenges of remote teaching in China. https://blog.cambridgeinternational.org/covid-19-and-the-challenges-of-remote-teachi0ng-in-china/
  • Zhang W., & Wang, Y., & Yang, L., & Wang, C., (2020). Suspending classes without stopping learning: China’s education emergency management policy in the Covid-19 outbreak. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 13(55), 55-60.

Kovid-19 salgınında ülkelerin K-12 eğitimine müdahaleleri: Matematikte dijital eğitime doğru yaklaşım

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 450 - 478, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.47615/issej.1147274

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, ülkelerin özellikle matematik eğitimine odaklanarak K-12 eğitiminde Kovid-19 salgınına tepkilerini tanımlamaktır. Üç ülkedeki (Birleşik Krallık, Çin ve Türkiye, alfabetik olarak sıralanmıştır) tedbirler genel anlamda eğitim ve matematik eğitimi odağında aktarılmış ve birbirleriyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular, üç ülkenin de eğitimde yoğun önlemler aldığını, hepsinin matematik eğitimini de içeren dijital bir eğitime geçme eğiliminde olduğunu; iki ülke sağlık ve eğitim alanında önlemleri birlikte alırken, diğer ülkenin eğitim alanındaki önlemleri sağlık önlemlerinden ayrı düşündüğünü göstermiştir. Dolayısıyla, bu çalışmada bahsi geçen tüm ülkelerin öğrencilere gerekli eğitimi sağlamak için çaba harcadıkları görülmüştür.

Kaynakça

  • Ali, W., & Kaur, M. (2020). Mediating educational challenges amidst COVID-19 pandemic. Asia Pacific Institute of Advanced Research (APJCECT) 6(2), 40-57. https://apiar.org.au/journal-paper/mediating-educational-challenges-amidst-covid-19-pandemic/
  • Bayrakdar, S. & Guveli, A. (2020). Inequalities in home learning and schools’ provision of distance teaching during school closure of COVID-19 lockdown in the UK. Economic and Social Research Council.
  • BBC. (2020). Coronavirus: UK schools, colleges, and nurseries to close from Friday. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-51952314 Bolt, B. (1991). Mathematics Meets Technology. Cambridge University Press.
  • Brown, A. (2020). Life as a teacher during the lockdown. https://teaching.blog.gov.uk/2020/06/02/life-as-a-teacher-during-lockdown/
  • Burgess, S. & Sievertsen H. H. (2020). Schools, skills, and learning: The impact of COVID-19 on education. VOX, CEPR Policy Portal. https://voxeu.org
  • Busby, E. (2020). Schools in Scotland and Wales are set to shut this week over coronavirus. Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/coronavirus-schools-shut-wales-scotland-boris-johnson-latest-a9409041.html
  • Ching, G. S., & Roberts, A. (2020). Evaluating the pedagogy of technology integrated teaching and learning: An overview. International Journal of Research, 9(6), 37-50. https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrse.2020.5800
  • East Asia and Pacific Education Team. (2020). Response to COVID-19: Preparing for School Re-Opening – The Case of China (English). Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/743891587996521873/Response-to-COVID-19-Preparing-for-School-Re-Opening-The-Case-of-China
  • Guangming Daily. (April 21, 2020). Disrupted Class, Undisrupted Learning: Lessons from China. https://news.gmw.cn/2020-04/21/content_33755332.htm
  • Hodgen, J., Taylor, B., Jacques, L., Tereshchenko, A., Kwok, R., & Cockerill, M. (2020). Remote mathematics teaching during COVID-19: Intentions, practices, and equity. https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10110311/
  • MoNE [Ministry of National Education in Turkey]. (2021). Eğitim Bilişim Ağı (EBA) tanıtım kılavuzu. [EBA digital education platform introduction guide]. https://luleburgazmesem.meb.k12.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/39/05/251085/dosyalar/2021_01/21234953_EBA_KULLANIM_KILAVUZU.pdf
  • MoNE [Ministry of National Education in Turkey]. (2020a). Uzaktan eğitim için uydu frekans ve yayin platformlari bilgileri. [Satellite frequency and broadcasting platforms information for distance education]. http://www.meb.gov.tr/uzaktan-egitim-icin-uydu-frekans-ve-yayin-platformlari-bilgileri/haber/20565/tr
  • MoNE [Ministry of National Education in Turkey]. (2020b). EBA içeriklerine ücretsiz erişim, Turkcell ve Vodafone’da 6 GB’a, Türk Telekom’da 8 GB’a yükseldi! [Free access to EBA content increased to 6 GB in Turkcell and Vodafone, and 8 GB in Türk Telekom!]. https://www.eba.gov.tr/3gb
  • MoNE [Ministry of National Education in Turkey]. (2020c). Uzaktan eğitim 31 mayısa kadar devam edecek. [Distance education will continue until 31st of May]. http://www.meb.gov.tr/uzaktan-egitim-31-mayisa-kadar-devam-edecek/haber/20803/tr
  • MoNE [Ministry of National Education in Turkey]. (2020d). Uzaktan eğitim Bakan Selçuk’un verdiği dersle başladı. [Distance education started with the lesson on Education Minister Selçuk]. http://www.meb.gov.tr/uzaktan-egitim-bakan-selcukun-verdigi-dersle-basladi/haber/20578/tr
  • MoNE [Ministry of National Education in Turkey]. (2020e). 18 Eylül’e kadar sürecek uzaktan eğitim döneminin yol haritası. [Road map of distance education which will continue until 18th of September]. https://www.meb.gov.tr/18-eylule-kadar-surecek-uzaktan-egitim-doneminin-yol-haritasi/haber/21499/tr
  • MoNE [Ministry of National Education in Turkey]. (2020f). Çocuklar için psikoeğitsel etkinlikler. [Psychoeducational activities for children]. https://orgm.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2020_05/02012900_cocuk_kitabi2.pdf
  • MoNE [Ministry of National Education in Turkey]. (2020g). Yetişkinler için broşür. [Brochure for adults]. https://orgm.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2020_03/21161617_brosur_ yetiskin_son.pdf
  • MoNE [Ministry of National Education in Turkey]. (2020h). Çocuklar için broşür. [Brochure for children]. https://orgm.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2020_03/21161548_brosur_ cocuk_son.pdf
  • MoNE [Ministry of National Education in Turkey]. (2021a). EBA Eğitim Bilişim Ağı. [EBA digital education platform]. http://eba.gov.tr/
  • MoNE [Ministry of National Education in Turkey]. (2021b). Uzaktan eğitim sürecinde destek alternatiflerimizle tüm öğrencilerimizin yanındayız. [We are with all our students with our support alternatives in the distance education process]. http://www.meb.gov.tr/uzaktan-egitim-surecinde-destek-alternatiflerimizle-tum-ogrencilerimizin-yanindayiz/haber/22355/tr
  • MoNE [Ministry of National Education in Turkey]. (2021c). Edusimsteam Project. MoNE: Ankara, Turkey. http://edusimsteam.eba.gov.tr/?page_id=95&lang=en
  • MoNE [Ministry of National Education in Turkey]. (2021d). Scientix Project. MoNE: Ankara, Turkey. https://scientix.eba.gov.tr/
  • Saralar-Aras, İ. & Gunes, H. (2022). Preservice primary and maths teachers’ readiness for distance education. Educational Technology: Theory and Practice, 12(1), 195-220. https://doi.org/10.17943/etku.992514
  • Sarı, M. H., & Keser, H. (2021). Classroom teachers' online teaching experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic: The perspective of technological pedagogical content knowledge. Journal of Pedagogical Research, 5(4), 251-269. https://doi.org/10.33902/JPR.2021474706
  • Sarı, M. H. & Saralar-Aras, İ. (2022). A case study on online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic perceived by primary school teachers. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 9(2), 161-170. https://dx.doi.org/10.52380/ijpe s.2022.9.2.705
  • Schleicher, A. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on education - insights from education at a glance 2020. https://www.oecd.org/education/the-impact-of-covid-19-on-education-insights-education-at-a-glance-2020.pdf
  • Sibieta, L., & Cottell, J. (2020). Education policy responses across the United Kingdom to the pandemic. Education Policy Institute; Nuffield Foundation. https://epi.org.uk/research-area/covid-19-education/
  • Sparrow, A., & Campbell, L. (2020). All schools to close from Friday; GCSE and A-level exams cancelled – UK Covid-19, as it happened. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/politics/live/2020/mar/18/uk-coronavirus-live-boris-johnson-pmqs-cbi-urges-government-pay-businesses-directly-saying-350bn-loangrant-package-not-enough
  • Spoel, I.V., Noroozi, O., Schuurink, E., & Ginkel, S. (2020). Teachers’ online teaching expectations and experiences during the Covid19- pandemic in the Netherlands. European Journal of Teacher Education, 43(4), 623-638, https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2020.1821185
  • Sykes, D. (2020). Online education during a pandemic: Teaching and learning in home spaces. Literacies and Language Education: Research and Practice, Special Issue, 86-88. https://kuis.kandagaigo.ac.jp
  • The Department for Education. (2020a). Supporting your children’s remote education during coronavirus (Covid-19). https://www.gov.uk/guidance/supporting-your-childrens-education-during-coronavirus-covid-19?priority-taxon=b350e61d-1db9-4cc2-bb44-fab02882ac25#what-you-should-expect-for-your-childs-remote-education
  • The Department for Education. (2020b). Information, guidance and support for teachers and leaders on educating pupils and students who are remote learning during coronavirus (COVID-19). https://get-help-with-remote-education.education.gov.uk/
  • The Department for Education. (2021a). What parents and carers need to know about early years providers, schools and colleges. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/what-parents-and-carers-need-to-know-about-early-years-providers-schools-and-colleges-during-the-coronavirus-covid-19-outbreak/step-4-update-what-parents-and-carers-need-to-know-about-early-years-providers-schools-and-colleges
  • The Department for Education. (2021b). Guidance: Remote education good practice. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/remote-education-good-practice/remote-education-good-practice
  • The Ministry of Education. (2020a). Coping COVID-19 Outbreak for 2020: Session of the National ordinary institutions of higher learning graduates employment entrepreneurship work notice (No. 2). China: MoE.
  • The Ministry of Education. (2020b). Notice for Schools at All Levels to Delay the Start of the School Year. China: MoE.
  • The Ministry of Education. (2020c). Suspending classes without stopping learning: China’s education emergency management policy in the COVID-19 outbreak. http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/gzdt_gzdt/s5987/202001/t20200129_416993.html
  • The Ministry of Health. (2021). COVID-19 Principal, teacher, parent, and student information guide. https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/TR-71456/rehberler.html
  • The UK Government. (2021). Part of Coronavirus (COVID-19): Education, universities and childcare. https://www.gov.uk/coronavirus/education-and-childcare
  • United Nations Children’s Fund and International Telecommunication Union (UNICEF). (2020a). Education and COVID-19: Monitoring the situation of children and women. https://data.unicef.org/topic/education/covid-19/
  • United Nations Children’s Fund and International Telecommunication Union (UNICEF) (2020b). How many children and young people have internet access at home? Estimating digital connectivity during the COVID-19 pandemic. https://www.unicef.org/reports/how-many-children-and-young-people-have-internet-access-home-2020
  • United Nations Children’s Fund and International Telecommunication Union (UNICEF) (2020c). COVID-19: Are children able to continue learning during school closures? https://data.unicef.org/resources/remote-learning-reachability-factsheet/
  • World Health Organization (WHO) (2020). Naming the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the virus that causes it. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it
  • Xie, Z., Xiao, L., Hou, M., Liu, X., & Liu, J. (2021). Micro classes as a primary school–level mathematics education response to COVID-19 pandemic in China: students’ degree of approval and perception of digital equity. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 108(1), 65-85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-021-10111-7
  • Xue, E., Li, J., Li, T., & Shang, W. (2020). China’s education response to COVID-19: A perspective of policy analysis, Educational Philosophy and Theory [Online]. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2020.1793653 Yu, J. (2020). Covid-19 and the challenges of remote teaching in China. https://blog.cambridgeinternational.org/covid-19-and-the-challenges-of-remote-teachi0ng-in-china/
  • Zhang W., & Wang, Y., & Yang, L., & Wang, C., (2020). Suspending classes without stopping learning: China’s education emergency management policy in the Covid-19 outbreak. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 13(55), 55-60.
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Eğitim Üzerine Çalışmalar
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

İpek Saralar-aras 0000-0002-4942-4408

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 28 Aralık 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 2 Ağustos 2022
Kabul Tarihi 26 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Saralar-aras, İ. (2022). Countries’ responses to Covid-19 pandemic in K-12 education: Toward a digital education in mathematics. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Eğitimi Dergisi, 8(2), 450-478. https://doi.org/10.47615/issej.1147274
AMA Saralar-aras İ. Countries’ responses to Covid-19 pandemic in K-12 education: Toward a digital education in mathematics. USBED. Aralık 2022;8(2):450-478. doi:10.47615/issej.1147274
Chicago Saralar-aras, İpek. “Countries’ Responses to Covid-19 Pandemic in K-12 Education: Toward a Digital Education in Mathematics”. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Eğitimi Dergisi 8, sy. 2 (Aralık 2022): 450-78. https://doi.org/10.47615/issej.1147274.
EndNote Saralar-aras İ (01 Aralık 2022) Countries’ responses to Covid-19 pandemic in K-12 education: Toward a digital education in mathematics. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Eğitimi Dergisi 8 2 450–478.
IEEE İ. Saralar-aras, “Countries’ responses to Covid-19 pandemic in K-12 education: Toward a digital education in mathematics”, USBED, c. 8, sy. 2, ss. 450–478, 2022, doi: 10.47615/issej.1147274.
ISNAD Saralar-aras, İpek. “Countries’ Responses to Covid-19 Pandemic in K-12 Education: Toward a Digital Education in Mathematics”. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Eğitimi Dergisi 8/2 (Aralık 2022), 450-478. https://doi.org/10.47615/issej.1147274.
JAMA Saralar-aras İ. Countries’ responses to Covid-19 pandemic in K-12 education: Toward a digital education in mathematics. USBED. 2022;8:450–478.
MLA Saralar-aras, İpek. “Countries’ Responses to Covid-19 Pandemic in K-12 Education: Toward a Digital Education in Mathematics”. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Eğitimi Dergisi, c. 8, sy. 2, 2022, ss. 450-78, doi:10.47615/issej.1147274.
Vancouver Saralar-aras İ. Countries’ responses to Covid-19 pandemic in K-12 education: Toward a digital education in mathematics. USBED. 2022;8(2):450-78.

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